Aalto mathematician Mikhail Ganzhinov has pushed the classic “kissing number,” meaning the maximum count of equal spheres touching one sphere, into new territory. The gains are small, yet decisive for researchers worldwide today.
He reports…

Aalto mathematician Mikhail Ganzhinov has pushed the classic “kissing number,” meaning the maximum count of equal spheres touching one sphere, into new territory. The gains are small, yet decisive for researchers worldwide today.
He reports…

Astronomers using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) have obtained the clearest view yet of how galaxies came together just a few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Their observations reveal that these early galaxies were far more…
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Ageing is often noticed through small changes, such as hair turning grey, drier skin, or movements that become slower. But some of the most important ageing-related changes take place inside the body, quietly and without warning. One of these is…

Southeast Asia — OpenAI has launched its Sora app in Thailand, making the country one of the first in Asia to access the company’s next-generation artificial intelligence (AI) video creation platform. The app is also being rolled out…

Sales
After sales remained roughly flat in the first half of 2025, sales experienced a pronounced deceleration in the third quarter, as outlined above. Consequently, sales in the first nine months of 2025 decreased by 4.3% (ca) to € 5,973.9 million with a decline across all regions and product divisions. Currencies, especially U.S. Dollar, Mexican Peso and Argentine Peso, presented a headwind and negatively impacted sales in euro terms by approximately € 288 million (sales growth reported: -8.5%).
PUMA’s Wholesale business declined by 8.6% (ca) to € 4,256.3 million, driven by softness in North America, Greater China and Europe. The Direct-to-Consumer (DTC) business increased by 8.4% (ca) to € 1,717.6 million, driven by 14.2% (ca) growth in e-commerce and a 5.2% (ca) increase in owned & operated retail stores. This resulted in an increased DTC share of 28.8% (9M 2024: 25.5%).
From a regional perspective, sales in the EMEA region decreased by 1.9% (ca) to € 2,574.0 million. The Americas region recorded a sales decline of 6.2% (ca) to € 2,211.7 million, while sales in the Asia/Pacific region decreased by 5.5% (ca) to € 1,188.1 million.
Among product divisions, sales in Footwear decreased by 1.1% (ca) to € 3,292.9 million. Apparel decreased by 8.7% (ca) to € 1,827.6 million and Accessories decreased by 6.1% (ca) to € 853.4 million.
Profitability
The gross profit margin declined by 130 basis points to 46.1% (9M 2024: 47.4%). Increased promotional activity, inventory reserves and currency effects were a headwind. This was partially offset by tailwinds from sourcing and a favourable distribution channel mix.
Operating expenses (OPEX), excluding one-time costs, increased by 2.8% to € 2,670.1 million (9M 2024: € 2,598.0 million). The increase was mainly due to the continued growth of the DTC business, especially e-commerce, and higher depreciation & amortisation (D&A) from investments in DTC and infrastructure and accounts receivable write offs of around € 20 million in the second quarter. Higher OPEX and a decline in sales, partially offset by currency-related tailwinds on the OPEX ratio, led to a 490 basis points increase of the OPEX ratio to 44.7% (9M 2024: 39.8%).
Adjusted EBIT, excluding one-time costs, decreased to € 102.0 million (9M 2024: € 513.2 million) due to the sales decline in the first nine months of 2025, a lower gross profit margin and higher OPEX. PUMA incurred one-time costs of € 112.7 million related to the cost efficiency program and a goodwill impairment in the second quarter. Consequently, the reported EBIT came in at € -10.7 million (9M 2024: € 513.2 million) and the EBIT margin at -0.2% (9M 2024: 7.9%).
The financial result decreased by 14.0% to € -132.5 million (9M 2024: € -116.2 million), mainly due to higher net interest expenses. Despite lower earnings before taxes compared to the previous year period, taxes on income came in at € -136.8 million (9M 2024: € -99.2 million). This was mainly due to deferred tax assets write-offs in the U.S. and China in the second and third quarter of 2025. Net income attributable to non-controlling interests amounted to € -29.0 million (9M 2024: € -40.6 million), as a result of a softer socks and bodywear business in the U.S.
Consequently, net loss came in at € -308.9 million (9M 2024: net income of € 257.1 million) and earnings per share amounted to € -2.09 (9M 2024: € 1.72).
Balance Sheet
The working capital increased by 2.2% to € 1,924.6 million (30 September 2024: € 1,883.5 million). Inventories increased by 17.3% reported and 24.3% currency adjusted to € 2,124.1 million (30 September 2024: € 1,811.3 million) partly driven by inventory takebacks from wholesale partners to clean up distribution. This was partially offset by a reduction in purchase orders, implemented as a measure to slow down inventory growth and to avoid additional supply. To bring back inventories to a more normalised level until the end of 2026, PUMA will execute product clearance through its outlets and wholesale partners, supported by targeted promotional initiatives. Trade receivables decreased by 18.1% to € 1,241.2 million (30 September 2024: € 1,515.6 million), mainly due to lower sales. Trade payables decreased by 2.1% to € 1,270.6 million (30 September 2024: € 1,297.9 million) reflecting reduced purchasing orders in the third quarter. Net debt increased to € 1,205.2 million (30 September 2024: € 746.0 million), mainly driven by increased bank liabilities to support the operating business and finance working capital.
Cash flow
The free cash flow came in at € -43.0 million in the third quarter of 2025 (Q3 2024: € -83.0 million), showing an improvement compared to the third quarter of 2024. This led to a free cashflow in the first nine months of 2025 of € -685.8 million (9M 2024: € -287.4 million). As part of its ongoing commitment to financial resilience and operational efficiency, PUMA is implementing measures to safeguard cash flow, especially optimising its working capital.
PUMA United
PUMA United is a partnership between PUMA and United Legwear, which mainly focuses on the sale of socks and bodywear in the U.S. and Canada. PUMA holds a 51% stake in the company. As part of the ongoing reset measures and efforts to optimise the PUMA distribution network, PUMA is considering moving from a partnership model to a licensing model in 2025. The PUMA United business is currently fully integrated in the operating segment “Region North America”.
Outlook FY 2025
Amid ongoing volatile geopolitical and macroeconomic volatility, PUMA anticipates that both sector-wide and company-specific challenges will significantly impact performance for the remainder of 2025. Key factors include a muted brand momentum, shifts in channel mix and quality, the impact of U.S. Tariffs, and elevated inventory levels.
PUMA confirms its full-year 2025 outlook. Sales on a currency-adjusted basis are forecast to decline by a low double-digit percentage, a reported EBIT loss is expected and capital expenditures of around € 250 million.

The Shell gas station logo is displayed on February 13, 2025 in Austin, Texas.
Brandon Bell | Getty Images News | Getty Images
British oil major Shell on Thursday reported stronger-than-expected third-quarter profit, citing robust operational performance and higher trading contributions.
Shell posted adjusted earnings of $5.4 billion for the quarter, beating analyst expectations of $5.05 billion, according to an LSEG-compiled consensus. A separate, company-provided analyst forecast had put Shell’s expected third-quarter profit at $5.09 billion.
The London-headquartered firm reported adjusted earnings of $6 billion over the same period last year and $4.26 billion for this year’s April-June period.
“Shell delivered another strong set of results, with clear progress across our portfolio and excellent performance in our Marketing business and deepwater assets in the Gulf of America and Brazil,” Shell CEO Wael Sawan said in a statement.
The company also announced another $3.5 billion in share buybacks over the next three months, maintaining the pace of its shareholder returns. The company said it marked the 16th consecutive quarter of at least $3 billion in buybacks.
The company’s net debt, meanwhile, came in at $41.2 billion at the end of the third quarter, down from $43.2 billion on a quarterly basis.
Shell’s London-listed share price has climbed more than 16% year-to-date, outperforming its industry peers.
Its results come after Norwegian energy firm Equinor on Wednesday posted a steeper-than-expected drop in third-quarter profit, with adjusted operating income coming in at $6.21 billion for the July-September period.
U.S. oil giants Exxon Mobil and Chevron are both scheduled to report third-quarter results on Friday, with Britain’s BP set to follow suit on Tuesday.
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AMSTERDAM – Stellantis N.V. today announced its Q3 2025 results, reporting a 13% year-over-year increase in Net revenues to €37.2 billion, primarily driven by growth in North America, Enlarged Europe and Middle East & Africa, while South America saw a moderate decrease. Consolidated shipments(1) totaled 1.3 million units, up 13% (152,000 units), with most of the increase due to a 35% improvement in North America reflecting the benefits of normalized inventory dynamics, compared to the prior year in which the U.S. dealer stock reduction initiative temporarily decreased production.
Progressing Product Launches
By the end of Q3, six of the ten new vehicles planned for 2025 introduction were successfully launched. Additional launches in the fourth quarter will reintroduce several volume nameplates which exemplify important, decisive changes already made in the Company’s strategy to provide customers with greater freedom to choose the cars and the configurations they want. Ordering is now open for the SIXPACK-powered Dodge Charger Scat Pack (2-door), the four-door Dodge Charger Daytona, Jeep® Cherokee, Fiat 500 Hybrid and DS No.8.
Sales momentum in the U.S. improved, with a 6% increase in Q3 sales year-over-year. This trend was evidenced across the Jeep®, Ram, Chrysler, and Dodge brands – taking the Company to a monthly market share of 8.7% in September, the highest in 15 months. Another milestone in September was the return to market of the HEMI® V-8-powered Ram 1500.
In Enlarged Europe, several recently introduced models, including the Citroën C3, C3 Aircross, Opel/Vauxhall Frontera and Fiat Grande Panda, supported an improved market share in the B-segment, underpinned by increased production. Net revenues rose 4% compared to the prior year period. Market share in EU30 fell to 15.4%, affected by market declines in France and Italy, where Stellantis has greater exposure and a moderately lower market share in the LCV segment.
Outside North America and Enlarged Europe, Stellantis delivered solid commercial results. Aggregated sales grew 6% year-over-year, led by Middle East & Africa, partially offset by South America.
Stellantis Leadership Team
On 8th October Stellantis announced a number of new appointments to its Senior Leadership Team, promoting exceptional talent from both inside and outside the Company to sharpen regional focus and drive long-term sustainable success.
$13 Billion Investment to Grow in the United States
On October 14, Stellantis unveiled a strategic $13 billion investment program for the next four years to accelerate growth and expand its manufacturing footprint in the United States. This marks the largest U.S. investment in the Company’s 100-year history and will include the launch of five new vehicles and the creation of over 5,000 jobs.
The new investment will further expand Stellantis’ already significant U.S. footprint, increasing annual finished vehicle production by 50% over current levels. The new product launches will be in addition to a regular cadence of 19 refreshed products across all U.S. assembly plants and updated powertrains planned through 2029.
Stellantis H2 2025 Financial Guidance
Stellantis reiterates its H2 2025 financial guidance, which anticipated continued improvement in Net revenues, AOI and Industrial free cash flows compared to H1 2025.
As we continue making important and necessary changes to our strategic and product plans, also in response to regulatory, geopolitical, macro-economic and other external and internal developments, we anticipate incurring charges in H2 2025, which, once finalized, we expect will largely be excluded from AOI.
We have also initiated a review of our warranty estimation process, which we expect to result in changes in those estimates and one-off charges in H2 2025.
Upcoming Events
On October 30, 2025, at 1:00 p.m. CET / 8:00 a.m. EDT, a live webcast and conference call will be held to present Stellantis’ Third Quarter 2025 Shipments and Revenues, with the presentation expected to be posted at approximately 8:00 a.m. CET / 3:00 a.m. EDT. The webcast and recorded replay will be accessible under the Investors section of the Stellantis corporate website (www.stellantis.com).
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About Stellantis
Stellantis N.V. (NYSE: STLA / Euronext Milan: STLAM / Euronext Paris: STLAP) is a leading global automaker, dedicated to giving its customers the freedom to choose the way they move, embracing the latest technologies and creating value for all its stakeholders. Its unique portfolio of iconic and innovative brands includes Abarth, Alfa Romeo, Chrysler, Citroën, Dodge, DS Automobiles, FIAT, Jeep®, Lancia, Maserati, Opel, Peugeot, Ram, Vauxhall, Free2move and Leasys. For more information, visit www.stellantis.com.