As Earth’s orbit grows increasingly congested, the European Space Agency (ESA) is stepping up efforts to safeguard satellites and preserve the long-term sustainability of space.
With more than 11,000 active satellites currently circling the planet, and tens of thousands more expected in the coming years, plus over 1.2 million pieces of debris larger than 1 cm, the challenge of avoiding in-orbit collisions has become a daily operational reality.
To meet this space traffic management challenge head-on, ESA is advancing a cutting-edge initiative: the Collision Risk Estimation and Automated Mitigation (CREAM) project, a pivotal component of its Space Safety Programme.
A new approach to space traffic management
Traditional collision avoidance requires satellite operators to manually assess potential threats, design manoeuvres, and coordinate with other operators — a time-consuming and often fragmented process.
Communication between stakeholders can be ad hoc and inconsistent, sometimes complicating decisions.
The CREAM system aims to transform this. By automating many aspects of collision risk assessment, manoeuvre planning, and coordination, it offers a streamlined, technology-driven approach to space traffic management.
The goal is to reduce false alerts, speed up decision-making, and significantly cut operator workload while boosting overall mission safety.
Connecting the global space community
One of CREAM’s most ambitious features is its ability to connect a wide network of stakeholders, from satellite operators and space situational awareness service providers to regulators and observers.
This interconnected ecosystem enables faster, more transparent decision-making, especially when two active satellites – rather than inert space debris – are on a collision course.
In some cases, the system could even negotiate manoeuvre agreements between operators with minimal human involvement.
If disputes arise, CREAM can escalate them to a mediation service, ensuring fairness and flexibility while keeping space assets safe.
From ground tests to orbit
Launched in 2020, the CREAM project has now reached a crucial milestone. Under the leadership of GMV, with contributions from Guardtime, the system’s core components are being integrated into a unified platform.
Currently ground-based, the prototype can already generate collision alerts, propose actionable avoidance manoeuvres, and support inter-operator coordination. The next step is an expanded pilot phase, where more decision-support technologies will be added.
In parallel, ESA is preparing in-orbit demonstrations, including ‘piggyback missions’ where CREAM will be carried as a digital payload and a dedicated mission to test its full capabilities in real space conditions.
Supporting space sustainability standards development
Beyond immediate collision avoidance, CREAM could help shape the future of space traffic management regulations.
Establishing ‘rules of the road’ in orbit has long been hindered by a chicken-and-egg dilemma: rules are hard to enforce without the technology to apply them, and technology adoption lags without clear rules.
By embedding CREAM onboard spacecraft, operators could seamlessly comply with emerging best practices and international norms. Regulators, in turn, would gain a powerful monitoring tool to ensure compliance.
The system’s adaptability means non-technical users can update standards within CREAM as regulations evolve, ensuring long-term relevance in a rapidly changing orbital environment.
A safer future in space
With mega-constellations, commercial launches, and private operators flooding low-Earth orbit, space traffic management is an urgent operational need.
ESA’s CREAM project represents a major step toward a coordinated, automated, and fair system for preventing collisions, minimising space debris creation, and preserving the orbital environment for generations to come.
If successful, CREAM could become the backbone of an international space safety framework, proving that with the right tools, technology, and collaboration, humanity can continue to explore and utilise space without turning it into an unmanageable junkyard.