By Julie Ingwersen and Karl Plume
CHICAGO (Reuters) -In a head-to-head contest in a small corner of agricultural futures markets, a legacy spring wheat contract that has traded for more than 140 years is fending off a challenge from a competing contract launched this spring by CME Group, the world’s largest futures exchange.
Spring wheat, grown in the northern Plains of the U.S. and Canada, is favored for bagels and frozen dough. The contract was introduced in 1883 on the Minneapolis Grain Exchange and has long set the price for premium-quality wheat used by North American millers and exported around the world.
Compared to other commodities, trade in spring wheat contracts is relatively modest. But it is among the only major agricultural commodity derivatives not dominated by CME Group, which in recent decades has expanded from its 19th-century origins as the Chicago Mercantile Exchange into a $99 billion behemoth with acquisitions including the Chicago Board of Trade and Kansas City Board of Trade. Now, nearly 2 million contracts are traded daily for corn, soybeans, winter wheat and livestock.
But CME’s much smaller rival, Miami International Holdings, or MIAX, which bought the independent Minneapolis exchange in 2020 and moved it off of CME’s electronic trading platform this summer, is winning the battle in spring wheat.
“It’s David versus Goliath,” said Joe Nussmeier, a broker with Frontier Futures.
Earlier this summer, CME’s spring wheat futures, saw hefty daily trading volumes of tens of thousands of contracts. Those volumes have faded to a few dozen a day, according to CME data. It also shows that open interest, which reflects the number of active contracts held by traders, has plummeted from a peak of nearly 2,100 contracts to around 600.
Large grain handlers and millers including CHS, Archer-Daniels-Midland and Cargill’s joint venture Ardent Mills, who represent the bulk of commercial trade in spring wheat, are sticking with MIAX.
Traders said that most of the CME’s early volume bump came from “market makers,” or traders given an incentive by CME to trade the contract to boost market liquidity and facilitate trading for others. But those traders do not often take longer-term positions like commercial traders such as grain millers and elevators who use futures to hedge against the risk of owning large inventories of grain.
“It does not feel like there’s any commercial participation, and what the product needs to thrive is a commercially backed hedger, whether it be an end user or a grain elevator,” said Nussmeier.