Inouye SK. Delirium in older persons. N Engl J Med. 2006;354:1157–65. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMra052321.
Google Scholar
Marcantonio ER. Postoperative delirium: a 76-year-old woman with delirium following surgery. JAMA. 2012;308(1):73–81. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2012.6857.
Google Scholar
Evered L, Silbert B, Knopman DS, Scott DA, DeKosky ST, Rasmussen LS, et al. Recommendations for the nomenclature of cognitive change associated with anaesthesia and surgery-2018. Anesth Analg. 2018;127(5):1189–95. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000003634.
Google Scholar
American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, D.C.: American Psychiatric Association Publishing; 2013. ISBN:9780890425541. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596.
Google Scholar
Bruce AJ, Ritchie CW, Blizard R, Lai R, Raven P. The incidence of delirium associated with orthopedic surgery: a meta-analytic review. Int Psychogeriatr. 2007;19(2):197–214. https://doi.org/10.1017/S104161020600425X.
Google Scholar
Yang Y, Zhao X, Gao L, Wang Y, Wang J. Incidence and associated factors of delirium after orthopedic surgery in elderly patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2021;33(6):1493–506. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40520-020-01674-1.
Google Scholar
Inouye SK, Charpentier PA. Precipitating factors for delirium in hospitalized elderly persons: predictive model and interrelationship with baseline vulnerability. JAMA. 1996;275(11):852–7. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.1996.03530350034031.
Google Scholar
Witlox J, Eurelings LS, de Jonghe JF, Kalisvaart KJ, Eikelenboom P, van Gool WA. Delirium in elderly patients and the risk of postdischarge mortality, institutionalization, and dementia: a meta-analysis. JAMA. 2010;304(4):443–51. https://doi.org/10.1001/jama.2010.1013.
Google Scholar
Shi Z, Mei X, Li C, Chen Y, Zheng H, Wu Y, et al. Postoperative delirium is associated with longterm decline in activities of daily living. Anesthesiology. 2019;131(3):492–500. https://doi.org/10.1097/ALN.0000000000002849.
Google Scholar
Weinrebe W, Johannsdottir E, Karaman M, Füsgen I. What does delirium cost? An economic evaluation of hyperactive delirium. Z Gerontol Geriatr. 2016;49(1):52–8. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00391-015-0871-6.
Google Scholar
Gullberg B, Johnell O, Kanis JA. World-wide projections for hip fracture. Osteoporos Int. 1997;7(5):407–13. https://doi.org/10.1007/pl00004148.
Google Scholar
Cooper C, Campion G, Melton LJ. Hip fractures in the elderly: a world-wide projection. Osteoporos Int. 1992;2(6):285–9. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01623184.
Google Scholar
Aldecoa C, Bettelli G, Bilotta F, Sanders RD, Audisio R, Borozdina A, et al. European society of anaesthesiology evidence-based and consensus-based guideline on postoperative delirium. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2017;34(4):192–214. https://doi.org/10.1097/EJA.0000000000000594.
Google Scholar
Hughes CG, Boncyk CS, Culley DJ, Fleisher LA, Leung JM, McDonagh DL, et al. American Society for Enhanced Recovery and Perioperative Quality Initiative joint consensus statement on postoperative delirium prevention. Anesth Analg. 2020;130(6):1572–90. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000004641.
Google Scholar
Abraha I, Trotta F, Rimland JM, Cruz-Jentoft A, Lozano-Montoya I, Soiza RL, et al. Efficacy of non-pharmacological interventions to prevent and treat delirium in older patients: a systematic overview. The SENATOR project ONTOP series. PLoS One. 2015;10(6): e0123090. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0123090.
Google Scholar
Rubin FH, Neal K, Fenlon K, Hassan S, Inouye SK. Sustainability and scalability of the hospital elder life program at a community hospital. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2011;59(2):359–65. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03243.x.
Google Scholar
Chien W, Lin FR. Prevalence of hearing aid use among older adults in the United States. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(3):292–3. https://doi.org/10.1001/archinternmed.2011.1408.
Google Scholar
GBD 2019 Blindness and Vision Impairment Collaborators, Vision Loss Expert Group of the Global Burden of Disease Study. Trends in prevalence of blindness and distance and near vision impairment over 30 years: an analysis for the global burden of disease study. Lancet Glob Health. 2021;9(2):e130–43. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2214-109X(20)30425-3.
Google Scholar
Edwards NI, Jones DA. Ownership and use of assistive devices amongst older people in the community. 1998. Age Ageing. 1998;27(4):436–8. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/27.4.463.
Jetté M, Sidney K, Blümchen G. Metabolic equivalents (METS) in exercise testing, exercise prescription, and evaluation of functional capacity. Clin Cardiol. 1990;13(8):555–65. https://doi.org/10.1002/clc.4960130809.
Google Scholar
Apfel CC, Kranke P, Eberhart LH, Roos A, Roewer N. Comparison of predictive models for postoperative nausea and vomiting. Br J Anaesth. 2002;88(2):234–40. https://doi.org/10.1093/bja/88.2.234.
Google Scholar
Mayhew D, Mendonca V, Murthy BV. A review of ASA physical status – historical perspectives and modern developments. Anaesthesia. 2019;74(3):373–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/anae.14569.
Google Scholar
Thomann AE, Goettel N, Monsch RJ, Berres M, Jahn T, Steiner LA, et al. The Montreal cognitive assessment: normative data from a german-speaking cohort and comparison with international normative samples. J Alzheimers Dis. 2018;64(2):643–55. https://doi.org/10.3233/JAD-180080.
Google Scholar
Nasreddine ZS, Phillips NA, Bédirian V, Charbonneau S, Whitehead V, Collin I, et al. The Montreal Cognitive Assessment, MoCA: a brief screening tool for mild cognitive impairment. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2005;53(4):695–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.2005.53221.x.
Google Scholar
Olbert M, Eckert S, Mörgeli R, Marcantonio E, Spies C. 3D-CAM: delir-testinstrument für deutschsprachigen raum übersetzt. [3D-CAM guideline-conform translation for german-speaking countries]. Anasthesiol Intensivmed Notfallmed Schmerzther. 2018;53(11–12):793–6. https://doi.org/10.1055/a-0627-4601.
Google Scholar
Marcantonio ER, Ngo LH, O’Connor M, Jones RN, Crane PK, Metzger ED, et al. 3D-CAM: derivation and validation of a 3-minute diagnostic interview for CAM-defined delirium. Ann Intern Med. 2014;161(8):554–61. https://doi.org/10.7326/M14-0865.
Google Scholar
McCusker J, Bellavance F, Cardin S, Trépanier S, Verdon J, Ardman O. Detection of older people at increased risk of adverse health outcomes after an emergency visit: the ISAR screening tool. J Am Geriatr Soc. 1999;47(10):1229–37. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1532-5415.1999.tb05204.x.
Google Scholar
Parker MJ, Palmer CR. A new mobility score for predicting mortality after hip fracture. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 1993;75(5):797–8. https://doi.org/10.1302/0301-620X.75B5.8376443.
Google Scholar
Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987;40(5):373–83. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.
Google Scholar
Charlson M. MD+CALC: Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) predicts 10-year survival in patients with multiple comorbidities. https://www.mdcalc.com/calc/3917/charlson-comorbidity-index-cci. Accessed 12 Dec 2022.
Myles PS, Hunt JO, Nightingale CE, Fletcher H, Beh T, Tanil D, et al. Development and psychometric testing of a quality of recovery score after general anesthesia and surgery in adults. Anesth Analg. 1999;88(1):83–90. https://doi.org/10.1097/00000539-199901000-00016.
Google Scholar
Eberhart LH, Greiner S, Geldner G, Wulf H. Patientenbeurteilung der postoperativen erholung: eine validierung des QoR-Scores an 577 Patienten [Patient evaluation of postoperative recovery: An evaluation of the QoR scores in 577 patients]. Anaesthesist. 2002;51(6):463–6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00101-002-0322-9.
Collin C, Wade DT, Davies S, Horne V. The barthel ADL index: a reliability study. Int Disabil Stud. 1988;10(2):61–3. https://doi.org/10.3109/09638288809164103.
Google Scholar
Goman AM, Lin FR. Prevalence of hearing loss by severity in the United States. Am J Public Health. 2016;106(10):1820–2. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2016.303299.
Google Scholar
Cunniffe HA. Dentures discovered in larynx 8 days after general anaesthetic. BMJ Case Rep. 2019;12(8): e230055. https://doi.org/10.1136/bcr-2019-230055.
Google Scholar
Inouye SK. Prevention of delirium in hospitalized older patients: risk factors and targeted intervention strategies. Ann Med. 2000;32(4):257–63. https://doi.org/10.3109/07853890009011770.
Google Scholar
Stelzle F, Ugrinovic B, Knipfer C, Bocklet T, Nöth E, Schuster M, et al. Automatic, computer-based speech assessment on edentulous patients with and without complete dentures – preliminary results. J Oral Rehabil. 2010;37(3):209–16. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2842.2009.02047.x.
Google Scholar
Cohen JM, Blustein J, Weinstein BE, Dischinger H, Sherman S, Grudzen C, et al. Studies of physician-patient communication with older patients: how often is hearing loss considered? A systematic literature review. J Am Geriatr Soc. 2017;65(8):1642–9. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgs.14860.
Google Scholar
Holden BA, Fricke TR, Ho SM, Wong R, Schlenther G, Cronjé S, et al. Global vision impairment due to uncorrected presbyopia. Arch Ophthalmol. 2008;126(12):1731–9. https://doi.org/10.1001/archopht.126.12.1731.
Google Scholar
Jung KH, Park JH, Song JY, Han JW, Park KB. State-anxiety in geriatric patients undergoing surgical treatment for femoral neck or intertrochanteric fractures. Geriatr Orthop Surg Rehabil. 2021;12:21514593211063320. https://doi.org/10.1177/21514593211063320.
Google Scholar
Mistiaen P, van Osch M, van Vliet L, Howick J, Bishop FL, di Blasi Z, et al. The effect of patient-practitioner communication on pain: a systematic review. Eur J Pain. 2016;20(5):675–88. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejp.797.
Google Scholar
Foss NB, Kristensen BB, Bundgaard M, Bak M, Heiring C, Virkelyst C, et al. Fascia iliaca compartment blockade for acute pain control in hip fracture patients. Anesthesiology. 2007;106(4):773–8. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.anes.0000264764.56544.d2.
Google Scholar
Cobley M, Dunne JA, Sanders LD. Stressful pre-operative preparation procedures: the routine removal of dentures during pre-operative preparation contributes to pre-operative distress. Anaesthesia. 1991;46(12):1019–22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1991.tb09913.x.
Google Scholar
Völter C, Götze L, Dazert S, Wirth R, Thomas JP. Impact of hearing loss on geriatric assessment. Clin Interv Aging. 2020;2453–67. https://doi.org/10.2147/CIA.S281627.
Google Scholar
Lefrant JY, Garrigues B, Pribil C, Bardoulat I, Courtial F, Maurel F, et al. The daily cost of ICU patients: a micro-costing study in 23 French intensive care units. Anaesth Crit Care Pain Med. 2015;34(3):151–7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.accpm.2014.09.004.
Google Scholar
Riedel B, Li MH, Lee CH, Ismail H, Cuthbertson BH, Wijeysundera DN, et al. A simplified (modified) Duke Activity Status Index (M-DASI) to characterise functional capacity: a secondary analysis of the Measurement of Exercise Tolerance before Surgery (METS) study. Br J Anaesth. 2021;126(1):181–90. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bja.2020.06.016.
Google Scholar
Appollonio I, Carabellese C, Frattola L, Trabucchi M. Effects of sensory aids on the quality of life and mortality of elderly people: a multivariate analysis. Age Ageing. 1996;25(2):89–96. https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/25.2.89.
Google Scholar
Shemesh S, Bebin A, Niego N, Frenkel RT. The impact of the COVID-19 2020 pandemic on hospital length of stay following fragility hip fracture surgery. Isr Med Assoc J. 2021;23(8):469–74.
Google Scholar
Gracie TJ, Caufield-Noll C, Wang NY, Sieber FE. The association of preoperative frailty and postoperative delirium: a meta-analysis. Anesth Analg. 2021;133(2):314–23. https://doi.org/10.1213/ANE.0000000000005609.
Google Scholar
Gleich J, Neuerburg C, Schoeneberg C, Knobe M, Böcker W, Rascher K, et al. Time to surgery after proximal femur fracture in geriatric patients depends on hospital size and provided level of care: analysis of the registry for geriatric trauma (ATR-DGU). Eur J Trauma Emerg Surg. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00068-023-02246-4.
Google Scholar