In August 2021, the Taliban regained control of Afghanistan after the withdrawal of U.S. and NATO forces, ending two decades of Western-backed governance. Since their return, the global community has remained divided over the question of formal recognition of the Taliban government. Most countries, including the U.S., the EU, and regional countries, have refused to formally recognise the Taliban due to concerns about human rights and their unwillingness to form an inclusive administration. Another key reason is their continued links with and tolerance of terrorist organisations operating from Afghan territory, including the Tehrik-i-Taliban Pakistan (TTP).[1]
However, on July 3, 2025, Russia became the first major country to officially recognise the Taliban government.[2] This development significantly shifted regional geopolitics and could lead countries like China and Iran to reassess their positions. It also suggests that the balance of power in South and Central Asia may change.[3]
Read More