Introduction
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, currently affecting more than 33 million individuals and posing significant public health burdens due to its growing incidence and association…

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most prevalent sustained cardiac arrhythmia worldwide, currently affecting more than 33 million individuals and posing significant public health burdens due to its growing incidence and association…