Karato, S.-I. Deformation of Earth Materials: An Introduction to the Rheology of Solid Earth (Cambridge University Press, 2008).
Google Scholar
Anderson, T. B. Kink-bands and related geological structures. Nature 204, 773–774 (1964).
Google Scholar
Hagihara, K., Ueyama, R., Yamasaki, M., Kawamura, Y. & Nakano, T. Surprising increase in yield stress of Mg single crystal using long-period stacking ordered nanoplates. Acta Mater. 209, 116797 (2021).
Google Scholar
Somekawa, H., Ando, D., Hagihara, K., Yamasaki, M. & Kawamura, Y. Intrinsic kink bands strengthening induced by several wrought-processes in Mg-Y-Zn alloys containing LPSO phase. Mater. Charact. 179, 111348 (2021).
Google Scholar
Inamura, T. Geometry of kink microstructure analysed by rank-1 connection. Acta Mater. 173, 270–280 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hagihara, K., Li, Z., Yamasaki, M., Kawamura, Y. & Nakano, T. Strengthening mechanisms acting in extruded Mg-based long-period stacking ordered (LPSO)-phase alloys. Acta Mater. 163, 226–239 (2019).
Google Scholar
Hagihara, K., Yamasaki, M., Kawamura, Y. & Nakano, T. Strengthening of Mg-based long-period stacking ordered (LPSO) phase with deformation kink bands. Mater. Sci. Eng. A. 763, 138163 (2019).
Google Scholar
Du, Z. et al. Rolling reduction-dependent deformation mechanisms and tensile properties in a β titanium alloy. J. Mater. Sci. Technol. 104, 183–193 (2022).
Google Scholar
Tadano, Y. Numerical investigation of kink strengthening mechanism due to kink band in long-period stacking ordered magnesium alloy. Mater. Trans. 64, 1002–1010 (2023).
Google Scholar
Hagihara, K. et al. Quantitative estimation of kink-band strengthening in an Mg–Zn–Y single crystal with LPSO nanoplates. Mater. Res. Lett. 9, 467–474 (2021).
Google Scholar
Ball, J. M. & James, R. D. Fine phase mixtures as minimizers of energy. Arch. Ration. Mech. Anal. 100, 13–52 (1987).
Google Scholar
Nishikawa, O. & Takeshita, T. Dynamic analysis and two types of kink bands in quartz veins deformed under subgreenschist conditions. Tectonophysics 301, 21–34 (1999).
Google Scholar
Anderson, E. K., Song, W. J., Johnson, S. E. & Cruz-Uribe, A. M. Mica kink-band geometry as an indicator of coseismic dynamic loading. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 567, 117000 (2021).
Google Scholar
Baronnet, A. & Olives, J. The geometry of micas around kink band boundaries I. A crystallographic model. Tectonophysics 91, 359–373 (1983).
Google Scholar
Starkey, J. The geometry of kink bands in crystals—A simple model. Contrib. Mineral. Petrol. 19, 133–141 (1968).
Google Scholar
Powell, C. M., Cole, J. P. & Cudahy, T. J. Megakinking in the Lachlan fold belt Australia. J. Struct. Geol. 7, 281–300 (1985).
Google Scholar
Kano, K., Kosaka, K., Murata, A. & Yanai, S. Intra-arc deformations with vertical rotation axes: The case of the pre-middle Miocene terranes of southwest Japan. Tectonophysics 176, 333–354 (1990).
Google Scholar
Pachell, M. A., Evans, J. P. & Lansing Taylor, W. Kilometer-scale kinking of crystalline rocks in a transpressive convergent setting, Central Sierra Nevada California. Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. 115, 817–831 (2003).
Google Scholar
Goscombe, B. D., Findlay, R. H., McClenaghan, M. P. & Everard, J. Multi-scale kinking in northeast Tasmania: Crustal shortening at shallow crustal levels. J. Struct. Geol. 16, 1077–1092 (1994).
Google Scholar
Vogler, W. S. Fabric development in a fragment of tethyan oceanic lithosphere from the piemonte ophiolite nappe of the western Alps, Valtournanche Italy. J. Struct. Geol. 9, 935–953 (1987).
Google Scholar
Godin, L. & Harris, L. B. Tracking basement cross-strike discontinuities in the Indian crust beneath the Himalayan orogen using gravity data—Relationship to upper crustal faults. Geophys. J. Int. 198, 198–215 (2014).
Google Scholar
Biot, M. A. Mechanics of Incremental Deformation (Wiley, New York, 1965).
Google Scholar
Biot, M. A. Internal buckling under initial stress in finite elasticity. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. A. 273, 306–328 (1963).
Google Scholar
Cobbold, P. R., Cosgrove, J. W. & Summers, J. M. Development of internal structures in deformed anisotropic rocks. Tectonophysics 12, 23–53 (1971).
Google Scholar
Johnson, A. M. & Ellen, S. D. A theory of concentric, kink, and sinusoidal folding and of monoclinal flexuring of compressible, elastic multilayers: I introduction. Tectonophysics 21, 301–339 (1974).
Google Scholar
Latham, J.-P. The influence of nonlinear material properties and resistance to bending on the development of internal structures. J. Struct. Geol. 7, 225–236 (1985).
Google Scholar
Aslin, J., Mariani, E., Dawson, K. & Barsoum, M. Ripplocations provide a new mechanism for the deformation of phyllosilicates in the lithosphere. Nat. Commun. 10, 686 (2019).
Google Scholar
Badr, H. O. et al. Confined buckling in thin sheets and its correlation to ripplocations: A deformation mechanism in layered solids. Phys. Rev. Mater. 5, 093603 (2021).
Google Scholar
Weiss, L. E. Flexural slip folding of foliated model materials. Geol. Surv. Can. Pap. 68, 294–357 (1968).
Stewart, K. G. & Alvarez, W. Mobile-hinge kinking in layered rocks and models. J. Struct. Geol. 13, 243–259 (1991).
Google Scholar
Anderson, T. B. The relationship between kink–bands and shear fractures in the experimental deformation of slate. J. Geol. Soc. Lond. 130, 367–382 (1974).
Google Scholar
Kronenberg, A. K., Kirby, S. H. & Pinkston, J. Basal slip and mechanical anisotropy of biotite. J. Geophys. Res. 95, 19257–19278 (1990).
Google Scholar
Etheridge, M. A., Hobbs, B. E. & Paterson, M. S. Experiental deformation of single crystals of biotite. Contrib. Miner. Pet. 38, 21–36 (1973).
Google Scholar
Borg, I. & Handin, J. Experimental deformation of crystalline rocks. Tectonophysics 3, 249–367 (1966).
Google Scholar
Misra, S. & Burg, J.-P. Mechanics of kink-bands during torsion deformation of muscovite aggregate. Tectonophysics 548–549, 22–33 (2012).
Google Scholar
Mares, V. M. & Kronenberg, A. K. Experimental deformation of muscovite. J. Struct. Geol. 15, 1061–1075 (1993).
Google Scholar
Plummer, G. et al. On the origin of kinking in layered crystalline solids. Mater. Today 43, 45–52 (2021).
Google Scholar
Srivastava, D. C., Lisle, R. J., Imran, M. & Kandpal, R. The kink–band triangle: A triangular plot for paleostress analysis from kink-bands. J. Struct. Geol. 20, 1579–1586 (1998).
Google Scholar
Shinohara, Y., Akabane, S. & Inamura, T. Analysis of variant-pairing tendencies in lenticular martensite microstructures based on rank-1 connection. Sci. Rep. 11, 14957 (2021).
Google Scholar
Yokoyama, H. & Nagahama, H. Some interface theories and Hall–Petch relationship. R. Soc. Open Sci. 12, 241954 (2025).
Google Scholar
Hadamard, J. Leçons Sur La Propagation Des Ondes et Les Équations de l’hydrodynamique (A. Hermann, 1903).
Mayama, T. et al. α-Mg/LPSO (long-period stacking ordered) phase interfaces as obstacles against dislocation slip in as-cast Mg-Zn-Y alloys. Int. J. Plast. 154, 103294 (2022).
Google Scholar
Turner, F. J., Griggs, D. T. & Heard, H. Experimental deformation of calcite crystals. GSA Bull. 65, 883–934 (1954).
Google Scholar
Lacombe, O., Parlangeau, C., Beaudoin, N. E. & Amrouch, K. Calcite twin formation, measurement and use as stress–strain indicators: A review of progress over the last decade. Geosciences 11, 445 (2021).
Google Scholar
Rybacki, E., Evans, B., Janssen, C., Wirth, R. & Dresen, G. Influence of stress, temperature, and strain on calcite twins constrained by deformation experiments. Tectonophysics 601, 20–36 (2013).
Google Scholar
Rowe, K. J. & Rutter, E. H. Palaeostress estimation using calcite twinning: Experimental calibration and application to nature. J. Struct. Geol. 12, 1–17 (1990).
Google Scholar
Underwood, E. E. Particle-Size Distribution. In Quantitative Microscopy (eds DeHoff, R. T. & Rhines, F. N.) pp.149–200 (McGraw-Hill, New York, 1968).
Rybacki, E., Niu, L. & Evans, B. Semi-brittle deformation of Carrara marble: Hardening and twinning induced plasticity. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 126, e2021JB022573 (2021).
Google Scholar
Suppe, J. Principles of Structural Geology (Prentice Hall, 1985).
Debacker, T. N., Seghedi, A., Belmans, M. & Sintubin, M. Contractional kink bands formed by stress deflection along pre-existing anisotropies? Examples from the anglo-brabant deformation belt (Belgium) and the north Dobrogea Orogen (Romania). J. Struct. Geol. 30, 1047–1059 (2008).
Google Scholar
Moreira, N. & Dias, R. Accommodation structures during kink band evolution; quantitative methods applied to late Variscan deformation of Portugal. J. Struct. Geol. 156, 104550 (2022).
Google Scholar
Davis, T. L. & Namson, J. S. A balanced cross-section of the 1994 northridge earthquake, southern California. Nature 372, 167–169 (1994).
Google Scholar
Suppe, J. Geometry and kinematics of fault-bend folding. Am. J. Sci. 283, 684–721 (1983).
Google Scholar
Davis, D., Suppe, J. & Dahlen, F. A. Mechanics of fold-and-thrust belts and accretionary wedges. J. Geophys. Res. 88, 1153–1172 (1983).
Google Scholar
Woodward, N. B., Boyer, S. E. & Suppe, J. Balanced geological cross-sections: An essential technique in geological research and exploration. Am. Geophys. Union Short Course Geol. 6, 133 (1989).
Dahlstrom, C. D. A. Balanced cross sections. Can. J. Earth Sci. 6, 743–757 (1969).
Google Scholar
Hossack, J. R. The use of balanced cross-sections in the calculation of orogenic contraction: A review. J. Geol. Soc. London 136, 705–711 (1979).
Google Scholar
Dal Zilio, L., van Dinther, Y., Gerya, T. & Avouac, J.-P. Bimodal seismicity in the Himalaya controlled by fault friction and geometry. Nat. Commun. 10, 48 (2019).
Google Scholar
Jayawickrama, E. G., Muto, J., Sasaki, O. & Nagahama, H. Damage evolution of onnagawa shale by postmortem thresholding of X-ray computed tomography. J. Geophys. Res. Solid Earth 126, e2021JB022056 (2021).
Google Scholar
Jayawickrama, E. G., Muto, J., Sasaki, O. & Nagahama, H. The quantitative characterization of hydraulic fracture connectivity from a postmortem investigation. J. Geophys. Eng. 19, 211–226 (2022).
Google Scholar
Onuma, K., Muto, J., Nagahama, H. & Otsuki, K. Electric potential changes associated with nucleation of stick–slip of simulated gouges. Tectonophysics 502, 308–314 (2011).
Google Scholar
Noda, H. & Takahashi, M. Correction of output from an internal load cell in a high-pressure triaxial deformation apparatus without a split-piston. J. Geol. Soc. Jpn. 122, 653–658 (2016).
Google Scholar
Gay, N. C. & Weiss, L. E. The relationship between principal stress directions and the geometry of kinks in foliated rocks. Tectonophysics 21, 287–300 (1974).
Google Scholar