Induced responses contribute to rapid adaptation of Spirodela polyrhiza to herbivory by Lymnaea stagnalis

Outdoor experimental evolution

We used an outdoor experimental evolution approach to study the herbivory-driven evolution of plants. The outdoor experiment was established in 2021 in Münster (Germany) and included 10 experimental ponds. We used four S. polyrhiza genotypes (Sp21, Sp56, Sp58, and Sp65; Table S1) to assemble the experimental populations, as they represent the genetic variation…