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This segment provides a foundational overview of contemporary contraceptive methods available to women, with particular emphasis on combined hormonal contraceptives. Dr. Anita Nelson and Dr. Kathleen Morrell introduce the three primary forms of combined hormonal contraceptives available in the United States: vaginal rings, transdermal patches, and oral contraceptive pills. These methods combine both estrogen and progestin components, offering women multiple delivery systems with varying administration schedules – from daily pills to weekly patches to monthly rings.
The discussion expands to cover the complete spectrum of contraceptive options, including long-acting reversible contraceptives (LARCs) such as intrauterine devices and implants. Healthcare providers learn about both hormonal and non-hormonal IUDs, with hormonal versions containing levonorgestrel that thickens cervical mucus to prevent sperm entry, while copper IUDs work through spermicidal action. The segment also addresses shorter-term options like Depo-Provera injections and barrier methods, providing a comprehensive menu of choices for different patient needs.
Emergency contraception, permanent sterilization, and emerging technologies like digital fertility monitoring devices round out the contraceptive landscape. The experts emphasize the importance of offering diverse options to accommodate varying patient preferences, lifestyles, and medical considerations. This foundational knowledge enables healthcare providers to better counsel patients on the full range of available contraceptive methods, ensuring informed decision-making that aligns with individual patient goals and circumstances.