Froude, M. J. & Petley, D. N. Global fatal landslide occurrence from 2004 to 2016. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci. 18, 2161–2181. https://doi.org/10.5194/nhess-18-2161-2018 (2018).
Pollock, W. & Wartman, J. Human vulnerability to landslides. GeoHealth 4, e2020GH000287. https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GH000287 (2020).
Petley, D. Global fatal landslides in 2024. Eos.org. https://eos.org/thelandslideblog/fatal-landslides-in-2024 (2025).
Evans, S. G. & Bent, A. L. The Las Colinas landslide, Santa Tecla: a highly destructive flowslide triggered by the January 13, 2001, El Salvador earthquake. In Natural Hazards in El Salvador: Boulder, Colorado, Geological Society of America, Special Paper 375 (eds. Rose, W. I. et al.) 25–37 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-2375-2.25.
Zheng, X. et al. Analysis of landslide on Meizhou-Dapu expressway based on satellite remote sensing. Geoenviron. Disasters. 12, 25. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40677-025-00331-x (2025).
USGS Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center. Coastal erosion researcher quoted in news coverage of fatal California cliff collapse (2019). https://www.usgs.gov/news/coastal-erosion-researcher-quoted-news-coverage-fatal-california-cliff-collapse.
Petley, D. N. The fatal rock topple at Canyon de Furnas in Brazil. AGU Blogsphere (2022). https://blogs.agu.org/landslideblog/2022/01/10/canyon-de-furnas-1.
Barnes, M. Famous failures: revisiting major dam catastrophes. In ASDSO Annual Conference. Baltimore: Association of State Dam Safety Officials (1992). https://damfailures.org/case-study/teton-dam-idaho-1976.
Zhang, Z. et al. Comprehensive assessment of the recent dike breach at Dongting lake. Innov. Geosci. 2 (4), 100106. https://doi.org/10.59717/j.xinn-geo.2024.100106 (2024).
Whiteley, J. S., Chambers, J. E., Uhlemann, S., Wilkinson, P. B. & Kendall, J. M. Geophysical monitoring of moisture-induced landslides: a review. Rev. Geophys. 57, 106–145. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018RG000603 (2019).
Auflič, M. J. et al. Landslide monitoring techniques in the geological surveys of Europe. Landslides 20, 951–965. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10346-022-02007-1 (2023).
Casagli, N. et al. Landslide detection, monitoring and prediction with remote-sensing techniques. Nat. Rev. Earth Environ. 4, 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1038/s43017-022-00373-x (2023).
Das, K., Majumdar, S., Moulik, S. & Fujita, M. Real-time threshold-based landslide prediction system for hilly region using wireless sensor networks. In 2020 IEEE International Conference on Consumer Electronics – Taiwan (ICCE-Taiwan) (2020). https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCE-Taiwan49838.2020.9258181.
Chaulya, S. K. et al. Landslide monitoring and prediction system using geosensors and wireless sensor network. Discov. Geosci. 2, 6. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44288-024-00007-3 (2024).
Halder, K. et al. Improving landslide susceptibility prediction through ensemble recursive feature elimination and meta-learning framework. Sci. Rep. 15, 5170. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-87587-3 (2025).
Mestayer, J. et al. Field trials of distributed acoustic sensing for geophysical monitoring. In 81st SEG Annual Int. Meeting Expanded Abstracts 4253–4257 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1190/1.3628095.
Miller, D. et al. Vertical seismic profiling using a fiber-optic cable as a distributed acoustic sensor. In 74th EAGE Conference and Exhibition, Expanded Abstracts, Y004. https://doi.org/10.3997/2214-4609.20148799 (2012).
Hartog, A. H. An Introduction to Distributed Optical Fibre Sensors (CRC, 2017). https://doi.org/10.1201/9781315119014.
Li, Y., Karrenbach, M. & Ajo-Franklin, J. B. Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Geophysics: Methods and Applications (American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, 2021). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119521808.
Li, Y., Mellors, R. & Zhan, G. Distributed Acoustic Sensing in Borehole Geophysics (American Geophysical Union and John Wiley & Sons, 2024). https://doi.org/10.1002/9781394179275.
Clarkson, P. et al. Distributed Rayleigh sensing for slope stability monitoring. In Paper presented at the 55th U.S. Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium (2021).
Clarkson, P. et al. Verification of a distributed fiber optic sensing slope stability monitoring solution. In 56th US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium (2022).
Cole, S. et al. In AGU Fall Meeting 2021. (AGU) (2021).
Cole, S., Clarkson, P., Karrenbach, M. & Yartsev, V. DAS dispersion image analysis for landslide monitoring. In SEG Technical Program Expanded Abstracts 637–641 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1190/image2022-3751838.1.
Ouellet, S. M. et al. Previously hidden landslide processes revealed using distributed acoustic sensing with nanostrain-rate sensitivity. Nat. Commun. 15, 6239. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50604-6 (2024).
Kang, J. et al. Automatic monitoring of rock-slope failures using distributed acousticsensing and semi‐supervised learning. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2024GL110672. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL110672 (2024).
Xie, T. et al. Seismic monitoring of rockfalls using distributed acoustic sensing. Eng. Geol. 325, 107285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2023.107285 (2023).
Ghazali, M. F. et al. State-of-The-Art application and challenges of optical fibre distributed acoustic sensing in civil engineering. Opt. Fiber. Technol. 87, 103911. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2024.103911 (2024).
Cemiloglu, A. et al. Fiber-optic technologies for real-time monitoring of coastal landslides: a review of their role in early warning systems. Front. Earth Sci. 13, 1570413. https://doi.org/10.3389/feart.2025.1570413 (2025).
Fumagalli, M. et al. In AGU Fall Meeting 2024. (AGU) (2024).
Li, Y. et al. In AGU Fall Meeting 2024. (AGU) (2024).
Montoya-Domínguez, J. D., García-Aristizábal, E. F. & Vega-Posada, C. A. One-dimensional experimental study of rainfall infiltration in unsaturated sand columns. Rev. Facult. Ingenier. 82, 74–81. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.n82a10 (2017).
Lu, N., Wu, B. & Tan, C. P. Tensile strength characteristics of unsaturated sands. J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng. 133 (2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241 (2007).
Chang, C., Ohno, K., Schulz, W. H. & Yamaguchi, T. Anomalous shear stress variation in wet granular medium: implications for landslide lateral faults. Geophys. Res. Lett. 52, e2024GL113816. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL113816 (2025).
Molenaar, M. M. & Barbara, E. C. Field cases of hydraulic fracture stimulation diagnostics using fiber optic distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) measurements and analyses. In Paper presented at the SPE Unconventional Gas Conference and Muscat, Oman (2013). https://doi.org/10.2118/164030-MS.
Ugueto, C. et al. Perforation cluster efficiency of cemented plug and perf limited entry completions; insights from fiber optics diagnostics. In Paper presented at the SPE Hydraulic Fracturing Technology Conference, The Woodlands, Texas, USA (2016). https://doi.org/10.2118/179124-MS.
Chang, C., Noda, H., Xu, Q., Huang, D. & Yamaguchi, T. Slow-to-fast transition and shear localization in accelerating creep of clayey soil. Geophys. Res. Lett. 51, e2024GL111839. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024GL111839 (2024).
Chang, C. & Wang, G. Creep of clayey soil induced by elevated pore-water pressure: implication for forecasting the time of failure of rainfall-triggered landslides. Eng. Geol. 296, 106461. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2021.106461 (2022).
Schulz, W. H. et al. Landslide kinematics and their potential controls from hourly to decadal timescales: insights from integrating ground-based InSAR measurements with structural maps and long-term monitoring data. Geomorphology 285, 121–136. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.geomorph.2017.02.011 (2017).
Liu, K., Huang, X. & Xu, L. Characterization of the mass transport and energy conversion of a rapid long-runout loess landslide using the finite–discrete element method. J. Geophys. Res.: Earth Surf. 130, e2024JF008032. https://doi.org/10.1029/2024JF008032 (2025).
Xu, L. et al. Landslides in the transitional slopes between a loess platform and river Terrace, Northwest China. Environ. Eng. Geosci. 17 (3), 267–279. https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.17.3.267 (2011).
Shen, Z. et al. Fiber-optic seismic sensing of vadose zone soil moisture dynamics. Nat. Commun. 15, 6432. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-024-50690-6 (2024).
Shen, J. & Zhu, T. Constraining water dynamics through unsaturated and saturated zones using fiber-optic seismic sensing data. Earth Planet. Sci. Lett. 666, 119507. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2025.119507 (2025).