Lipid metabolism disturbance and immune dysfunction in HBV-related acute-on-chronic liver failure: a retrospective cohort study | BMC Gastroenterology

  • Liver Failure and Artificial Liver Group IDB, Chinese Medical Association. Guidelines for Diagnosis and Treatment of Liver Failure (2018 Edition) [J] Chinese Journal of Hepatology. 2019;27(1):18–26. https://doi.org/10.3760/cma.j.issn.1007-3418.2019.01.006.

  • Sarin SK, Kedarisetty CK, Abbas Z, Amarapurkar D, Bihari C, Chan AC, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver (APASL) 2014. Hepatol Int. 2014;8(4):453–71. Epub 2015/07/24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-014-9580-2. PubMed PMID: 26202751.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sarin SK, Choudhury A, Sharma MK, Maiwall R, Al Mahtab M, Rahman S, et al. Acute-on-chronic liver failure: consensus recommendations of the Asian Pacific association for the study of the liver (APASL): an update. Hepatol Int. 2019;13(4):353–90. Epub 2019/06/07. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-019-09946-3. PubMed PMID: 31172417; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6728300.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gao B, Xiao J, Zhang M, Zhang F, Zhang W, Yang J, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol for the prediction of mortality in cirrhosis with portal vein thrombosis: a retrospective study. Lipids Health Dis. 2019;18(1):79. Epub 2019/04/01. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-019-1005-8. PubMed PMID: 30927926; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC6441144.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Trieb M, Rainer F, Stadlbauer V, Douschan P, Horvath A, Binder L, et al. HDL-related biomarkers are robust predictors of survival in patients with chronic liver failure. J Hepatol. 2020;73(1):113–20. Epub 2020/02/18. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2020.01.026. PubMed PMID: 32061870.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang Y, Chen P, Zhang Y, Nie Y, Zhu X. Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels predicting poor outcomes in patients with hepatitis B virus-related acute-on-chronic liver failure. Front Med. 2022;9:1001411. Epub 2022/12/13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.1001411. PubMed PMID: 36507543; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC9732002.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiang M, Liu F, Xiong WJ, Zhong L, Xu W, Xu F, et al. Combined MELD and blood lipid level in evaluating the prognosis of decompensated cirrhosis. World J Gastroenterol. 2010;16(11):1397–401. Epub 2010/03/20. https://doi.org/10.3748/wjg.v16.i11.1397. PubMed PMID: 20238407; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC2842532.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Janičko M, Veselíny E, Leško D, Jarčuška P. Serum cholesterol is a significant and independent mortality predictor in liver cirrhosis patients. Ann Hepatol. 2013;12(4):581–7 Epub 2013/07/03 PubMed PMID: 23813136.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • He X, Liu X, Peng S, Han Z, Shen J, Cai M. Association of Low High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol Levels with Poor Outcomes in Hepatitis B-Associated Decompensated Cirrhosis Patients. BioMed Res Int. 2021;2021:9927330. Epub 2021/08/07. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/9927330. PubMed PMID: 34355041; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8331308 conflict of interest.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Habib A, Mihas AA, Abou-Assi SG, Williams LM, Gavis E, Pandak WM, et al. High-density lipoprotein cholesterol as an indicator of liver function and prognosis in noncholestatic cirrhotics. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2005;3(3):286–91. Epub 2005/03/15. https://doi.org/10.1016/s1542-3565(04)00622-6. PubMed PMID: 15765449.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gurbuz B, Guldiken N, Reuken P, Fu L, Remih K, Preisinger C, et al. Biomarkers of hepatocellular synthesis in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. Hepatol Int. 2023;17(3):698–708. Epub 2023/01/19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-022-10473-x. PubMed PMID: 36652164; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC10224844.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mo R, Zhang Z, Zhou Y, Wang Y, Yin P, Zhang C, et al. A new prognostic model based on serum apolipoprotein AI in patients with HBV-ACLF and acutely decompensated liver cirrhosis. Lipids Health Dis. 2025;24(1):35. Epub 2025/02/04. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12944-025-02434-8. PubMed PMID: 39901194; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC11789380.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu J, Du F, Yang N, Hou J, Fan Y, Liu X. Risk factors and prognostic model for HBV-related subacute liver failure. Annals Translational Med. 2022;10(7):406. Epub 2022/05/10. https://doi.org/10.21037/atm-22-461. PubMed PMID: 35530949; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC9073775.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Etogo-Asse FE, Vincent RP, Hughes SA, Auzinger G, Le Roux CW, Wendon J, et al. High density lipoprotein in patients with liver failure; relation to sepsis, adrenal function and outcome of illness. Liver Int. 2012;32(1):128–36. Epub 2011/11/22. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1478-3231.2011.02657.x. PubMed PMID: 22098564.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bergmann CB, Beckmann N, Salyer CE, Crisologo PA, Nomellini V, Caldwell CC. Lymphocyte Immunosuppression and Dysfunction Contributing to Persistent Inflammation, Immunosuppression, and Catabolism Syndrome (PICS). Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2021;55(6):723–41. Epub 2020/10/07. https://doi.org/10.1097/shk.0000000000001675. PubMed PMID: 33021569.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei X, Atkinson D. Lipid-free Apolipoprotein A-I Structure: Insights into HDL Formation and Atherosclerosis Development. Archives Med Res. 2015;46(5):351–60. Epub 2015/06/07. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2015.05.012. PubMed PMID: 26048453; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4522339.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tao X, Tao R, Wang K, Wu L. Anti-inflammatory mechanism of Apolipoprotein A-I. Front Immunol. 2024;15:1417270. Epub 2024/07/23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1417270. PubMed PMID: 39040119; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC11260610.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Morita SY. Metabolism and Modification of Apolipoprotein B-Containing Lipoproteins Involved in Dyslipidemia and Atherosclerosis. Biol Pharm Bull. 2016;39(1):1–24. Epub 2016/01/05. https://doi.org/10.1248/bpb.b15-00716. PubMed PMID: 26725424.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Cao WJ, Wang TT, Gao YF, Wang YQ, Bao T, Zou GZ. Serum Lipid Metabolic Derangement is Associated with Disease Progression During Chronic HBV Infection. Clin Lab. 2019;65(12). Epub 2019/12/19. https://doi.org/10.7754/Clin.Lab.2019.190525. PubMed PMID: 31850701.

  • Ghadir MR, Riahin AA, Havaspour A, Nooranipour M, Habibinejad AA. The relationship between lipid profile and severity of liver damage in cirrhotic patients. Hepat Mon. 2010;10(4):285–8 Epub 2010/10/01. PubMed PMID: 22312394; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3271321.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shalimar, Rout G, Jadaun SS, Ranjan G, Kedia S, Gunjan D, et al. Prevalence, predictors and impact of bacterial infection in acute on chronic liver failure patients.Dig Liver Dis. 2018;50(11):1225–31. Epub 2018/06/19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dld.2018.05.013. PubMed PMID: 29910108.

  • Yang L, Wu T, Li J, Li J. Bacterial Infections in Acute-on-Chronic Liver Failure. Seminars Liver Dis. 2018;38(2):121–33. Epub 2018/06/06. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1657751. PubMed PMID: 29871019.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kim HY, Chang Y, Park JY, Ahn H, Cho H, Han SJ, et al. Characterization of acute-on-chronic liver failure and prediction of mortality in Asian patients with active alcoholism. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 2016;31(2):427–33. Epub 2015/08/12. https://doi.org/10.1111/jgh.13084. PubMed PMID: 26260091.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Okada N, Sanada Y, Urahashi T, Ihara Y, Yamada N, Hirata Y, et al. Endotoxin Metabolism Reflects Hepatic Functional Reserve in End-Stage Liver Disease. Transplant Proc. 2018;50(5):1360–4. Epub 2018/05/01. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.transproceed.2018.01.052. PubMed PMID: 29705277.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wiest R, Lawson M, Geuking M. Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 2014;60(1):197–209. Epub 2013/09/03. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2013.07.044. PubMed PMID: 23993913.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanada Y, Mizuta K, Urahashi T, Ihara Y, Wakiya T, Okada N, et al. Impact of hepatic clearance of endotoxin using endotoxin activity assay. Hepatol Int. 2012;6(4):778–82. Epub 2011/07/07. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12072-011-9289-4. PubMed PMID: 21732128.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tsai MH, Peng YS, Chen YC, Liu NJ, Ho YP, Fang JT, et al. Adrenal insufficiency in patients with cirrhosis, severe sepsis and septic shock. Hepatology (Baltimore, Md). 2006;43(4):673–81. Epub 2006/03/25. https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.21101. PubMed PMID: 16557538.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • González-Navajas JM. Inflammasome activation in decompensated liver cirrhosis. World J Hepatol. 2016;8(4):207–10. Epub 2016/02/09. https://doi.org/10.4254/wjh.v8.i4.207. PubMed PMID: 26855691; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4733463.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wu A, Hinds CJ, Thiemermann C. High-density lipoproteins in sepsis and septic shock: metabolism, actions, and therapeutic applications. Shock (Augusta, Ga). 2004;21(3):210–21. Epub 2004/02/11. Epub 2004/02/11. https://doi.org/10.1097/01.shk.0000111661.09279.82. PubMed PMID: 14770033.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hossain E, Ota A, Karnan S, Takahashi M, Mannan SB, Konishi H, et al. Lipopolysaccharide augments the uptake of oxidized LDL by up-regulating lectin-like oxidized LDL receptor-1 in macrophages. Mol Cell Biochem. 2015;400(1–2):29–40. Epub 2014/10/29. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11010-014-2259-0. PubMed PMID: 25348362.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lee RP, Lin NT, Chao YF, Lin CC, Harn HJ, Chen HI. High-density lipoprotein prevents organ damage in endotoxemia. Res Nurs Health. 2007;30(3):250–60. Epub 2007/05/22. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.20187. PubMed PMID: 17514720.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen KL, Chou RH, Chang CC, Kuo CS, Wei JH, Huang PH, et al. The high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C)-concentration-dependent association between anti-inflammatory capacity and sepsis: A single-center cross-sectional study. PloS one. 2024;19(4):e0296863. Epub 2024/04/11. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0296863. PubMed PMID: 38603717; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC11008828.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Ai J, Zheng Z, Howatt DA, Daugherty A, Huang B, et al. High density lipoprotein protects against polymicrobe-induced sepsis in mice. J Biol Chem. 2013;288(25):17947–53. Epub 2013/05/10. https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M112.442699. PubMed PMID: 23658016; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3689940.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jiao YL, Wu MP. Apolipoprotein A-I diminishes acute lung injury and sepsis in mice induced by lipoteichoic acid. Cytokine. 2008;43(1):83–7. Epub 2008/05/27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cyto.2008.04.002. PubMed PMID: 18501625.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Guo L, Morin EE, Yu M, Mei L, Fawaz MV, Wang Q, et al. Replenishing HDL with synthetic HDL has multiple protective effects against sepsis in mice. Sci Sig. 2022;15(725):eabl9322. Epub 2022/03/16. https://doi.org/10.1126/scisignal.abl9322. PubMed PMID: 35290084; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC9825056.

    Article 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Weiss E, de la Grange P, Defaye M, Lozano JJ, Aguilar F, Hegde P, et al. Characterization of Blood Immune Cells in Patients With Decompensated Cirrhosis Including ACLF. Front Immunol. 2020;11:619039. Epub 2021/02/23. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.619039. PubMed PMID: 33613548; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC7893087.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li J, Hu CH, Chen Y, Zhou MM, Gao ZJ, Fu MJ, et al. Characteristics of Peripheral Lymphocyte Subsets in Patients With Acute-On-Chronic Liver Failure Associated With Hepatitis B. Front Med. 2021;8:689865. Epub 2021/08/14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2021.689865. PubMed PMID: 34386507; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8353122.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nishikawa T, Bellance N, Damm A, Bing H, Zhu Z, Handa K, et al. A switch in the source of ATP production and a loss in capacity to perform glycolysis are hallmarks of hepatocyte failure in advance liver disease. J Hepatol. 2014;60(6):1203–11. Epub 2014/03/04. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhep.2014.02.014. PubMed PMID: 24583248; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC4028384.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Shimada K, Crother TR, Karlin J, Dagvadorj J, Chiba N, Chen S, et al. Oxidized mitochondrial DNA activates the NLRP3 inflammasome during apoptosis. Immunity. 2012;36(3):401–14. Epub 2012/02/22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.immuni.2012.01.009. PubMed PMID: 22342844; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC3312986.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma S, Ming Y, Wu J, Cui G. Cellular metabolism regulates the differentiation and function of T-cell subsets. Cell Mol Immunol. 2024;21(5):419–35. Epub 2024/04/03. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41423-024-01148-8. PubMed PMID: 38565887; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC11061161.

    Article 
    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu DM, Li Q, Yi JX, Cai XJ, Xie L, Fang W, et al. Investigation of Lymphocyte Subsets in Peripheral Blood of Patients with Dyslipidemia. Int J Gen Med. 2021;14:5573–9. Epub 2021/09/23. https://doi.org/10.2147/ijgm.S326628. PubMed PMID: 34548808; PubMed Central PMCID: PMCPMC8449637.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Continue Reading