This publication presents a comprehensive analysis of the global potential, technical requirements, and policy opportunities of using small modular reactors (SMRs) for on-grid applications at coal plants. It is part of an NEA series of case studies to assess the opportunities and challenges for SMRs to support the decarbonisation of hard-to-abate industrial sectors while preserving jobs and securing reliable, resilient energy infrastructure. This study was informed by direct engagement with stakeholders in the electricity and coal sectors who identified a range of considerations and barriers to nuclear adoption at coal plant sites. It includes estimates of the coal capacity that could be transitioned to nuclear energy, as well as of which countries have the highest likelihood of transitioning rapidly from coal to nuclear power. Near, intermediate and long-term opportunities for nuclear energy at coal sites are quantified and presented.
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