The colour-magnitude diagram of the CPM companion stars to host stars of confirmed exoplanets (left) and TOI PCs (right), corrected for G band extinction. The background consists of the primary and secondary stars in the El-Badry et al. (2021) binary catalog. The companion sources below the main sequence are discussed in Section 6.1. — astro-ph.EP
We aim to discover whether the stellar multiplicity rate may provide information on the origin of recently discovered planets in the Neptunian Desert.
Using Gaia DR3 astrometry, we search for common proper motion companions to 1779 known exoplanet hosts and 2927 exoplanet candidate hosts from the TESS mission, both within 650 pc.
We find overall stellar multiplicity rates of 16.6±0.9% and 19.8±0.6% for confirmed and candidate exoplanets, respectively. We find stellar multiplicity rates of 16.7±5.8% and 27.5±2.6% for confirmed and candidate exoplanets in the Neptunian Desert, respectively. Hot Jupiter host stars were found to have rates of 25.8±2.1% and 22.9±1.3%.
For the sample of candidate exoplanets, we find higher stellar multiplicity rates for stars hosting both Hot Jupiters and Neptunian Desert planets compared to control samples of similar stars not known to host planets. For the sample of confirmed exoplanets an increased multiplicity rate is seen for Hot Jupiter hosts, but cannot be significantly determined for Neptunian Desert planet hosts due to small sample sizes.
If the candidates from TESS are indeed planets, the increased multiplicity rate observed could indicate that the Neptunian Desert and Hot Jupiter populations share similar formation mechanisms and environmental conditions. Alternatively, the TESS candidate high multiplicity rate could imply a prevalence of false positives related to binary and triple stars in this parameter space.
Fintan Eeles-Nolle, David J. Armstrong
Comments: Accepted for publication in MNRAS. 14 pages, 9 figures, 6 tables
Subjects: Earth and Planetary Astrophysics (astro-ph.EP); Solar and Stellar Astrophysics (astro-ph.SR)
Cite as: arXiv:2506.22399 [astro-ph.EP] (or arXiv:2506.22399v1 [astro-ph.EP] for this version)
https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2506.22399
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Submission history
From: Fintan Eeles-Nolle
[v1] Fri, 27 Jun 2025 17:15:41 UTC (862 KB)
https://arxiv.org/abs/2506.22399
Astrobiology,
