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Abel, D. W. et al. Air quality-related health benefits of energy efficiency in the united States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 53 (7), 3987–3998. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.8b06417 (2019).

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SINGAPORE (Reuters) – The dollar hugged tight ranges on Wednesday ahead of a slew of US economic data that could set the tone for the Federal Reserve’s rate outlook, a factor traders consider more consequential for currencies than ongoing geopolitical tensions.
Markets have thus far largely brushed off deepening geopolitical fractures around the world, with stocks rallying and currencies and bonds little budged following the US intervention in Venezuela and the capture of President Nicolas Maduro.
Also on traders’ radar, China on Tuesday banned exports of dual-use items to Japan that can be used for military purposes, marking Beijing’s latest move in reaction to an early November remark by Japanese Prime Minister Sanae Takaichi about Taiwan.
“I think there is still a lot of uncertainty as to whether the regime will change in Venezuela and what it will mean for the oil supply in Venezuela. So I think markets for now are taking a pretty optimistic view, and are more concerned about US economic data,” said Carol Kong, a currency strategist at Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
“The fact that China implemented more export controls against Japan also didn’t really move FX markets much either.”
Currencies were largely subdued in Asia, though the dollar struggled for momentum and fell 0.18% against the Japanese yen to 156.39.
Sterling was little changed at $1.3506, while the euro edged 0.04% higher to $1.1694. The common currency had lost 0.3% in the previous session after data showed inflation slowed more than expected in some of the euro zone’s biggest economies last month.
Overall, currency traders were in a wait-and-see mode ahead of a batch of US labour market data, with figures on private payrolls and job openings due later in the day, before Friday’s closely watched nonfarm payrolls report comes due.
Ahead of the outcome, the dollar index eased slightly to 98.54.
The Aussie dollar hit its highest since October 2024 at $0.6766, as a mixed inflation report kept alive the prospect of a near-term hike in interest rates. The New Zealand dollar bought $0.5783.
“The most impactful publication will be ADP’s monthly jobs report, as an uptick in unemployment is one of the significant risks in this new year, alongside the potential failure of heavy investments in AI to deliver blockbuster returns,” Jose Torres, senior economist at Interactive Brokers, said of Wednesday’s releases.
Investors have struggled to get an accurate read of the world’s largest economy following a record US government shutdown last year which hampered the collection and release of key economic data.
However, they remain convinced that the Fed will cut rates two more times this year.
That has weighed on the dollar, though growing divisions within the Fed and US President Donald Trump’s imminent pick for the next Fed Chair have further complicated the outlook for US monetary policy.
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Australia’s online safety watchdog is investigating sexualised deepfake images posted on X by its AI chatbot, Grok.
Elon Musk’s X has faced a global backlash since Grok began generating sexualised images of women and girls without their consent in response to requests for it to undress them.
Ashley St Clair, the estranged mother of one of Musk’s children, said she had no response to her complaints about being digitally undressed.
“I felt horrified, I felt violated, especially seeing my toddler’s backpack in the back of it,” she said this week.
The fake images included one of a 12-year-old girl in a bikini. The Grok chatbot issued an ‘apology’ when prompted but continues to generate the deepfakes.
eSafety Australia said it was investigating images of adults but that the images of children did not, at this point, meet the threshold for child sexual exploitation material.
“Since late 2025, eSafety has received several reports relating to the use of Grok to generate sexualised images without consent,” an eSafety spokesperson said.
“Some reports relate to images of adults, which are assessed under our image-based abuse scheme, while others relate to potential child sexual exploitation material, which are assessed under our illegal and restricted content scheme.
“The image-based abuse reports were received very recently and are still being assessed.
“In respect of the illegal and restricted content reports, the material did not meet the classification threshold for class 1 child sexual exploitation material. As a result, eSafety did not issue removal notices or take enforcement action in relation to those specific complaints.”
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The Australian regulator defines illegal and restricted material as “online content that ranges from the most seriously harmful material, such as images and videos showing the sexual abuse of children or acts of terrorism, through to content which should not be accessed by children, such as simulated sexual activity, detailed nudity or high impact violence”.
The X app allows users to access a “spicy mode” for explicit content.
“This is not spicy,” the European Union’s digital affairs spokesperson, Thomas Regnier, told the ABC. “This is illegal. This is appalling.”
Eliot Higgins, the founder of the investigative journalism group Bellingcat, exposed how Grok handled requests to manipulate a picture of the Swedish deputy prime minister, Ebba Busch, in parliament.
Users gave Grok instructions such as “bikini now” and “now put her in a confederate flag bikini”. Higgins said the images provided reflected the prompts.
On Wednesday it was revealed that Musk’s artificial intelligence company xAI, which developed Grok, had raised $20bn in its latest funding round.
The UK’s technology secretary, Liz Kendall, said the deepfake images were “appalling and unacceptable in decent society” and that X needed to deal with it “urgently”.
The eSafety spokesperson said the regulator remained “concerned about the increasing use of generative AI to sexualise or exploit people, particularly where children are involved”.
“eSafety has taken enforcement action in 2025 in relation to some of the ‘nudify’ services most widely used to create AI child sexual exploitation material, leading to their withdrawal from Australia,” the spokesperson said.
Guardian Australia contacted X for comment. On Monday, the company said: “We take action against illegal content on X, including child sexual abuse material, by removing it, permanently suspending accounts and working with local governments and law enforcement as necessary.”
After global outcry at the harmful nature of the content, Musk posted that “anyone using Grok to make illegal content will suffer the same consequences as if they upload illegal content”.
In Australia, support is available at Beyond Blue on 1300 22 4636, Lifeline on 13 11 14, and at MensLine on 1300 789 978. Children, young adults, parents and teachers can contact the Kids Helpline on 1800 55 1800; adult survivors can seek help at Blue Knot Foundation on 1300 657 380. In the UK, the charity Mind is available on 0300 123 3393 and Childline on 0800 1111. The NSPCC offers support to children on 0800 1111, and adults concerned about a child on 0808 800 5000. The National Association for People Abused in Childhood (Napac) offers support for adult survivors on 0808 801 0331. In the US, call or text Mental Health America at 988 or chat 988lifeline.org, or call or text the Childhelp abuse hotline on 800-422-4453. Other sources of help can be found at Child Helpline International