July 7, 2025
Today, with uncertainty a seemingly permanent condition, executives need to weave adaptability, resilience, and clarity into their operating plans. The best executives will implement strategies that don’t just sustain their businesses; they enable growth.
Through robotic exploration of other planets and small bodies, our instruments and observations are able to peel back the layers of history to discover the foundations of our solar system and understand the processes of evolution that led us to the current formation.
This knowledge also informs our observations of exoplanets and distant galaxies in NASA’s astrophysics studies. And, observing the movement of small bodies such as asteroids is crucial to enabling our planetary defense against potential impacts (note: none is currently of concern).
The direction of NASA planetary science comes primarily from the scientific community in large reports produced very 10 years by the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM). These decadal surveys look at key science questions and how data from NASA missions past, current, and future can help answer them. The current decadal survey is “Origins, Worlds, and Life: Planetary Science and Astrobiology in the Next Decade, 2023-2032.”
Additional mission guidance is provided by executive branch priorities and congressional appropriations.
NASA’s first mission to conduct a detailed science investigation of Jupiter’s moon Europa, it will search for signs of habitability in the vast, salty ocean that lies beneath Europa’s icy crust. (Launched October 2024)
The Psyche spacecraft is traveling to the main asteroid belt to study a unique, metal-rich asteroid of the same name, which may be the partial core of a planetesimal. (Launched October 2023)
On its way to the Trojan asteroids that orbit the Sun with Jupiter, Lucy already has made extraordinary asteroid encounters in the main asteroid belt with Dinkinesh and Donaldjohanson. (Launched October 2021)
Perseverance studies the geology of Mars and seeks signs of microbial life, while it collects samples of rock and surface material in and around Jezero Crater. Its companion helicopter Ingenuity was the first aircraft to achieve powered, controlled flight on another planet. (Launched July 2020)
While knowledge of the female dominance spectrum among certain primate species dates back to the 1960s, research precisely quantifying the degree of one gender’s dominance over the other was lacking. A team of scientists collected data from 253 populations representing 121 primate species in order to study confrontations between males and females. It also analysed the contexts in which one or the other tend to dominate.
Scientists then tested five evolutionary hypotheses to better understand these power relations. Females tend to dominate in species [3] where they have strong control over their reproduction. Their dominance is also more frequent in societies marked by strong competition among females, or when gender confrontation involves fewer risks for smaller members. Conversely, male dominance is especially present in species [4] where they have clear physical superiority over females.
These results show that there is no single model for explaining power relations in primate societies, thereby offering new avenues for grasping the evolution of gender roles in early human societies.
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1 – In lemurs, females often dominate. In baboons and chimpanzees, males occupy the top of the hierarchy. In other species such as bonobos and many South American monkeys, the situation is more balanced, with females winning, on average, 40 to 80% of intersexual conflicts, depending on the population. 2 – Working at the Institute of Evolutionary Sciences of Montpellier (CNRS/IRD/University of Montpellier). 3 – This refers to monogamous, arboreal species in which males and females are of similar size. 4 – This refers to polygynous, terrestrial species and/or those living in groups. |
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TEHRAN – The Israeli occupation regime’s aggression against Yemen prompts a surprisingly widespread retaliation.
Spokesperson for the Yemeni Armed Forces, Brigadier General Yahya Saree, announced that Yemen’s missile and drone units carried out a joint, high-level military operation using eleven missiles and drones.
Saree confirmed that all missiles and drones successfully reached their intended targets, while enemy interception systems failed to stop them.
He added that the missile and drone forces targeted the power station “in the occupied Ashkelon” area with a hypersonic ballistic missile.
Additionally, they struck the Port of “Umm al-Rashrash (Eilat)” with eight drones.
The operation also included targeting Ben Gurion Airport with a Palestine-2 hypersonic ballistic missile, and the Port of Ashdod with another hypersonic missile.
Following this operation and for the second consecutive day, Yemeni missile and UAV forces targeted a ship which belonged to a company “that violated the entry ban to the ports of occupied Palestine, with two unmanned boats, five ballistic and cruise missiles, and three drones.”
According to Saree, the ship (Magic Seas) sustained a direct hit, water leaked into it, and it is now at risk of sinking.
“Our forces allowed the crew to safely disembark,” he noted.
“The Yemeni Armed Forces affirm that they will not hesitate to use appropriate force to prevent any ship belonging to companies that deal with the Zionist enemy and violate the ban on access to the ports of occupied Palestine.”
“The Yemeni Armed Forces affirm that they will not hesitate to use appropriate force to prevent any ship belonging to companies that deal with the Zionist enemy and violate the ban on access to the ports of occupied Palestine.”
Saree warned, “Our operations will continue to target the depth of the Israeli entity in occupied Palestine, as well as to prevent Israeli navigation in the Red and Arabian Seas and to disrupt Umm al-Rashrash port (Eilat), until the aggression against Gaza stops and the blockade is lifted.”
In yet another operation earlier on Monday, the Israeli military reported detecting two missiles launched from Yemen, triggering sirens in multiple regions. Alarms were also heard around the Dead Sea and to its west.
The occupation regime’s Home Front Command confirmed the launch, and its military stated: “We attempted to intercept two missiles launched from Yemen, and we are currently reviewing the results.”
According to the flight tracking website FlightRadar, departures and arrivals at Ben Gurion Airport in Tel Aviv were temporarily suspended following the missile launches from Yemen.
Meanwhile, Yemen’s Ansarallah movement reaffirmed its continued missile strikes and issued a stark warning: “Anyone who attacks Gaza and Yemen will not sleep.”
Nassreddin Amer, a senior Ansarallah official stated that the Israeli regime’s aggression has not, and will not, succeed in halting Yemen’s strikes deep into the occupied territories.
He emphasized that “not a single ship will pass through the operational zone of our armed forces.”
“Zionists should head to shelters, those who assault Gaza and Yemen will know no rest.”
In a post on social media, Amer declared: “Zionists should head to shelters, those who assault Gaza and Yemen will know no rest.”
He added, “Gaza is not alone, and Yemen will not remain silent in the face of injustice,” stressing that Yemen’s support for Gaza will continue until the genocide ends and the blockade is lifted.
The escalation came just hours after Israeli occupation regime targeted several Yemeni ports, including the key port of Hodeidah. The attacks consisted of approximately 20 air raids, struck Hodeidah as well as the ports of As-Salif and Ras Issa, in addition to a power station in Ras Kathib.
The Yemeni Air Force responded forcefully to the assault. Saree declared that Yemen’s air defenses effectively repelled the aggression, forcing a significant portion of the attacking aircraft to retreat.
He said the defense relied on a large salvo of domestically produced surface-to-air missiles, causing severe confusion among Israeli pilots and command centers.
Military sources told regional media that Yemeni air defenses thwarted much of the occupation regime’s attack during the first wave of missile launches, forcing ten enemy warplanes to flee before they could complete their missions.
The sources added that the regime’s aircraft withdrew from Hodeidah’s airspace after being intercepted and were unable to penetrate further into Yemeni territory.
Reports indicate that the aerial confrontation between the Yemeni Air Force and the Israeli occupation regime’s jets lasted for over 30 minutes over the Red Sea.
Israeli regime media reported that one of the targets was the Galaxy Leader, a ship seized by Yemeni forces two years ago. They said dozens of bombs were dropped on Yemen during the assault. The same ports had reportedly been targeted three times previously.
However, Saree emphasized that Yemen successfully countered the Israeli occupation regime’s aggression and thwarted its objectives, stating, “We forced the enemy to leave the airspace using domestically manufactured surface-to-air missiles.”
“Our air defense succeeded in confronting the Zionist aggression against our country and thwarting its plan to target several Yemeni cities.”
He added, “Our air defense succeeded in confronting the Zionist aggression against our country and thwarting its plan to target several Yemeni cities.”
This, he said, was achieved “by forcing a number of combat formations participating in the aggression to leave the airspace, preventing them from launching raids.”
The defensive measures were carried out with several locally manufactured surface-to-air missiles.
“The criminal enemy will realize that the aggression against beloved Yemen will cost it dearly and will only push the Yemenis toward greater steadfastness and perseverance, and to more supportive operations for the oppressed Palestinian people,” a government statement read.
“We are fully prepared for a sustained and prolonged confrontation, to confront hostile warplanes, and to counter attempts to break the naval blockade imposed by our armed forces on the enemy, in triumphing for our people in Gaza,” the statement added.
On Sunday, Ansarallah leader Sayyed Abdul-Malik al-Houthi reiterated Yemen’s unwavering commitment to Palestine. He declared that supporting the Palestinian cause is a non-negotiable stance and affirmed Yemen’s alignment with the Axis of Resistance in confronting the “U.S.-Israeli project” in the region.
VisionF is best known for building cool and colorful catamarans for casual cruising, but the Turkish shipyard appears to be capable of creating outrageous speed machines, too.
The latest addition to the VisionF fleet is a 46-foot speedboat capable of reaching a staggering 80 knots (92 mph) at full tilt. Aptly christened the Superfast 46, the newcomer showcases a sleek, aerodynamic profile that sets it apart from the existing cats in the VisionF fleet. The svelte speedster is the antithesis of a hulking multihull, marking a clear departure from the VisionF design DNA.
The hull of the Superfast 46 was built using advanced composite construction techniques, including infusion and vacuum bagging with multi-axial carbon fiber materials, to ensure it is both lightweight and strong. This means the vessel can cut through the water with ease, achieving what VisionX says is “unmatched handling at high speeds.”
The speedboat is powered by a pair of Mercury 450 HP Racing Sportmaster engines.
VisionF
The boat is equipped with a pair of Mercury Racing Sportsmaster engines rated at 450 hp and 600-liter fuel tanks that together enable roughly two hours of adrenaline-fueled cruising, according to the yard. Seafarers can also choose between precision hydraulic steering or a Mercury Joystick Piloting (JPO) system to control the speed machine. Other sporty touches include a carbon-fiber spoiler, a high-gloss paint job, and pop-up Perko navigation lights.
“It’s powerful, provocative, and purpose-built for enthusiasts who crave speed without compromise,” the yard said in a statement. “This is VisionF like nobody has seen before.”
The 46-footer has a top speed of 92 mph.
VisionF
With a beam of 12 feet, the Superfast 46 offers a generous interior. The specially designed shock-absorbing seats are covered in high-quality upholstery, while the custom carbon dashboard shows a 19-inch Garmin display and a Silva 85E compass. To top it off, a marine-grade Fusion Apollo sound system comprising four speakers, a subwoofer, and an MS-RA770 stereo means you can blast your favorite tunes at sea. You’ll also have a dedicated storage area for fenders, a cooler, and batteries.
VisionF currently has eight different models in production, including two fully-electric catamarans measuring 62 and 80 feet, four aluminum cats ranging from 80 to 120 feet, one 155-foot multihull, and, of course, the Superfast 46. The first Superfast 46 is nearing completion, with the debut scheduled for the upcoming Cannes Yachting Festival. You can check out the speedboat at the festival from September 9 to 14.
A new study finds that galaxy clusters — cosmic cities packed with thousands of galaxies — trace invisible highways of dark matter stretching up to a billion light years across the universe. Even more remarkable, the clusters point the way to their neighbors.
FLAGSTAFF, Ariz., July 7, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — In a groundbreaking study of 1.58 million galaxy clusters, an international team of astronomers led by Dr. Michael West of Lowell Observatory mapped how the universe’s largest structures are arranged. They found that most clusters are elongated, like grains of rice. But unlike rice scattered at random, these clusters tend to align with one another, their elongated shapes pointing toward their neighbors like arrows tracing hidden highways across the cosmos. The team’s findings were published today in The Astrophysical Journal Letters.
The glowing lights of galaxies and galaxy clusters illuminate invisible dark matter highways in this region of the universe, viewed in the direction of the constellations Perseus and Pisces. Each dot is an entire galaxy, part of a colossal structure stretching across millions of light-years. Credit: Michael West.
“It’s like discovering that New York, Madrid, Rome, and Beijing were all built facing the same direction, perfectly aligned despite being thousands of miles apart,” said lead author Dr. Michael J. West of Lowell Observatory.
Astronomers have seen neighboring galaxy clusters align before, but never across such vast distances. This new study shows that clusters, like cities, are shaped by their surroundings. The biggest clusters develop where multiple dark matter highways intersect. Dark matter — the mysterious, invisible substance that makes up most of the universe’s mass — appears to determine cluster shapes and locations.
By examining the most distant clusters, the astronomers peered billions of years into the past and found that neighboring clusters were already aligned when the universe was still young — less than half its current age.
“This gives us a rare glimpse into how the universe grew up,” said co-author Dr. Maret Einasto of Tartu Observatory in Estonia. “It shows that the foundation of the universe’s largest structures was laid early, and galaxies have been following those paths ever since.”
To test their findings, the team turned to advanced computer simulations of the universe’s evolution. These simulations helped the scientists explore whether cluster alignments like those observed emerge naturally from known physics. They used the Last Journey simulation, developed by researchers at Argonne National Laboratory. This simulation tracks the motion of over a trillion particles as gravity shapes a virtual universe. The simulation revealed the same alignment patterns, supporting the idea that galaxy clusters form as matter flows along the universe’s dark matter highways.
“This is a cosmic traffic report,” said co-author Dr. Roberto De Propris of the Botswana International University of Science & Technology. “The cluster alignments show us which way galaxies have been flowing for billions of years.”
Other members of the team include Z.L. Wen and J.L. Han of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, whose comprehensive catalog of galaxy clusters made this research possible.
The full published paper can be found here: https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.3847/2041-8213/ade66d
About Lowell Observatory
Lowell Observatory is a private, nonprofit 501(c)(3) research institution, founded in 1894 by Percival Lowell atop Mars Hill in Flagstaff, Arizona. The Observatory has been the site of many important discoveries, including the first detection of large recessional velocities (redshift) of galaxies by Vesto Slipher in 1912-1914 (a result that led ultimately to the realization that the universe is expanding), and the discovery of Pluto by Clyde Tombaugh in 1930.
Today, the Observatory’s 14 tenured astronomers use ground-based telescopes around the world, telescopes in space, and NASA planetary spacecraft to conduct research in diverse areas of astronomy and planetary science. Lowell Observatory currently operates multiple research instruments at its Anderson Mesa station, east of Flagstaff, and the 4.3-meter Lowell Discovery Telescope near Happy Jack, Arizona. Prior to the pandemic, the observatory also welcomed more than 100,000 guests per year to its Mars Hill campus in Flagstaff, Arizona, for a variety of educational experiences, including historical tours, science presentations, and telescope viewing.
SOURCE Lowell Observatory
Alex Warren’s “Ordinary” continues as the biggest song in the world, as it tallies a landmark 10th week at No. 1 on the Billboard Global 200 and an eighth week atop Billboard Global Excl. U.S.
In a busy top 10 on the Global 200, two tracks from the soundtrack to Netflix’s KPop Demon Hunters storm the region: “Golden,” by HUNTR/X, EJAE, Audrey Nuna and Rei Ami (vaulting from No. 52 to No. 2), and “Your Idol,” by Saja Boys, Andrew Choi, Neckwav, Danny Chung, Kevin Woo and samUIL Lee (73-10). The former also bounds 51-5 on Global Excl. U.S.
aespa’s “Dirty Work” debuts at No. 5 on the Global 200 and No. 2 on Global Excl. U.S. The South Korean pop group scores its highest ranks and second and third top 10 on the respective charts.
Plus, Ravyn Lenae’s “Love Me Not” rises 11-10 on Global Excl. U.S., where it’s her first top 10.
The Billboard Global 200 and Global Excl. U.S. charts, which began in September 2020 — and two weeks earlier marked their 250th week — rank songs based on streaming and sales activity culled from more than 200 territories around the world, as compiled by Luminate. The Global 200 is inclusive of worldwide data and the Global Excl. U.S. chart comprises data from territories excluding the United States.
Chart ranks are based on a weighted formula incorporating official-only streams on both subscription and ad-supported tiers of audio and video music services, as well as download sales, the latter of which reflect purchases from full-service digital music retailers from around the world, with sales from direct-to-consumer (D2C) sites excluded from the charts’ calculations.
“Ordinary” leads the Global 200 with 66 million streams (essentially even week-over-week) and 11,000 sold (up 2%) worldwide June 27-July 3. The song becomes the seventh to have topped the Global 200 for double-digit weeks — here’s a rundown of the list’s longest-leading hits:
Two songs from the soundtrack to Netflix’s KPop Demon Hunters blast to the Global 200’s top 10: “Golden,” billed to HUNTR/X, EJAE, Audrey Nuna and Rei Ami (52-2), and “Your Idol,” credited to Saja Boys, Andrew Choi, Neckwav, Danny Chung, Kevin Woo and samUIL Lee (73-10). The former soared by 135% to 48.4 million streams and 48% to 4,000 sold worldwide in the tracking week; the latter leaped by 117% to 37.6 million streams and 25% to 3,000 sold globally.
The KPop Demon Hunters soundtrack surges 8-3 on the U.S.-based Billboard 200, becoming the highest-charting soundtrack of 2025.
Lady Gaga and Bruno Mars’ “Die With a Smile” holds at No. 3 on the Global 200, after 18 weeks at No. 1 starting last September, and Sabrina Carpenter’s “Manchild” slips to No. 4 from its No. 2 high.
aespa’s “Dirty Work” opens at No. 5 on the Global 200 with 48.4 million streams and 6,000 sold worldwide following its June 27 release. The act adds its second top 10 on the tally — and first top 10 debut and first top five hit — after “Whiplash” hit No. 8 in November.
“Ordinary” leads Global Excl. U.S. with 47.7 million streams (down 1%) and 4,000 sold (up 1%) outside the U.S.
“Dirty Work” launches at No. 2 on Global Excl. U.S. with 45.2 million streams and 5,000 sold. aespa claims its second top 10 on the chart — and first top 10 debut; “Whiplash” reached No. 5 in November.
“Die With a Smile” dips 2-3 after 17 weeks atop Global Excl. U.S. starting last September and “APT.” steps down 3-4, after reigning for a record 19 weeks beginning in November.
“Golden” shines 51-5 on Global Excl. U.S. with 35 million streams (up 137%) and 2,000 sold (up 46%) beyond the U.S.
Plus, Ravyn Lenae’s “Love Me Not” lifts 11-10 on Global Excl. U.S., powered by a 5% gain to 27.4 million streams outside the U.S. The Chicago-born singer-songwriter earns her first top 10 on the chart with the track, which hit No. 7 a week earlier on the Global 200, where it’s also her first top 10.
The Billboard Global 200 and Billboard Global Excl. U.S. charts (dated July 12, 2025) will update on Billboard.com tomorrow, July 8. For both charts, the top 100 titles are available to all readers on Billboard.com, while the complete 200-title rankings are visible on Billboard Pro, Billboard’s subscription-based service. For all chart news, you can follow @billboard and @billboardcharts on both X, formerly known as Twitter, and Instagram.
Luminate, the independent data provider to the Billboard charts, completes a thorough review of all data submissions used in compiling the weekly chart rankings. Luminate reviews and authenticates data. In partnership with Billboard, data deemed suspicious or unverifiable is removed, using established criteria, before final chart calculations are made and published.
Science correspondent, BBC News
SmithsonianScientists have discovered a new species of pterosaur – a flying reptile that soared above the dinosaurs more than 200 million years ago.
The jawbone of the ancient reptile was unearthed in Arizona back in 2011, but modern scanning techniques have now revealed details showing that it belongs to a species new to science.
The research team, led by scientists at the Smithsonian’s National Museum of Natural History in Washington DC, has named the creature Eotephradactylus mcintireae, meaning “ash-winged dawn goddess”.
It is a reference to the volcanic ash that helped preserve its bones in an ancient riverbed.
Suzanne McIntireDetails of the discovery are published in the journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences.
At about 209 million years old, this is now believed to be the earliest pterosaur to be found in North America.
“The bones of Triassic pterosaurs are small, thin, and often hollow, so they get destroyed before they get fossilised,” explained Dr Kligman.
The site of this discovery is a fossil bed in a desert landscape of ancient rock in the Petrified Forest National Park.
More than 200 million years ago, this place was a riverbed, and layers of sediment gradually trapped and preserved bones, scales and other evidence of life at the time.
The river ran through the central region of what was the supercontinent of Pangaea, which was formed from all of Earth’s landmasses.
The pterosaur jaw is just one part of a collection of fossils found at the same site, including bones, teeth, fish scales and even fossilised poo (also known as coprolites).
Dr Kligman said: “Our ability to recognise pterosaur bones in [these ancient] river deposits suggests there may be other similar deposits from Triassic rocks around the world that may also preserve pterosaur bones.”
Ben KligmanStudying the pterosaur’s teeth also provided clues about what the seagull-sized winged reptile would have eaten.
“They have an unusually high degree of wear at their tips,” explained Dr Kligman. suggesting that this pterosaur was feeding on something with hard body parts.”
The most likely prey, he told BBC News, were primitive fish that would have been covered in an armour of boney scales.
Scientists say the site of the discovery has preserved a “snapshot” of an ecosystem where groups of animals that are now extinct, including giant amphibians and ancient armoured crocodile relatives, lived alongside animals that we could recognise today, including frogs and turtles.
This fossil bed, Dr Kligman said, has preserved evidence of an evolutionary “transition” 200 million years ago.
“We see groups that thrived later living alongside older animals that [didn’t] make it past the Triassic.
“Fossil beds like these enable us to establish that all of these animals actually lived together.”
