New study shows fungi grown on plant remnants produce high-quality protein to fortify plant-based diets and reduce nutrient deficiency risks.
Illustrative image: fungal mycelium protein was tested in proof-of-concept plant-based…
New study shows fungi grown on plant remnants produce high-quality protein to fortify plant-based diets and reduce nutrient deficiency risks.
Illustrative image: fungal mycelium protein was tested in proof-of-concept plant-based…

Published: Friday, 19th December 2025
‘Women Portraits: Trades & Professions’ is a fascinating…

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ISLAMABAD, Dec 19 (APP): The price of 24 karat gold decreased by Rs 900 per tola and was traded at Rs 454,862 on Friday, All Pakistan Sarafa Gems and Jewellers Association reported.
The price of 10 grams of 24 karat gold also went down by Rs 772 to Rs 389,970, whereas the price of 10 grams of 22 karat gold decreased by Rs 434 to Rs 357,485.
The price of per tola silver decreased by Rs 52 to Rs 6,848, while the price of 10 grams of 24 karat silver fell by Rs 44 to Rs 5,871.
In the international market, the price of gold decreased by $9 to $4,325 per ounce, whereas the price of silver went down by $0.52 to $65.76 per ounce.

Head and neck cancer […] affects a sensitive area with a lot of pain and side effects such as speech impairment and problems associated with eating, which in turn impacts many social situations
Agneta Hagren
“It was shown that three months…

The Chair thanked members for attending and confirmed that the Minutes of the Money Markets Committee (MMC) September 2025 meeting had been published on the Bank’s website.footnote [1]
The Chair welcomed Natasha Vowles to her first meeting as a new member of the MMC and welcomed those who were attending as part of the Bank’s Meeting Varied People (MVP) initiative.
The Chair provided a brief summary of the recently published insight article ‘Learning to navigate bumps in the road’footnote [2] in which the authors provide an update on the Bank of England’s Sterling Monetary Framework (SMF) facilities and balance sheet transition.
The Chair signposted the recalibration of the pricing of the Operational Standing Facility (OSF) to Bank Rate +/- 15bps (from +/- 25bps)footnote [3]. This recalibration represents a natural next step in the Bank’s balance sheet transition and will allow firms to respond better to their liquidity needs as they arise between the Bank’s regular market-wide operations. This will help to ensure that short-term market interest rates remain anchored to Bank Rate whilst limiting the risk of private market disintermediation.
David Bailey, Executive Director for Prudential Policy of the Prudential Regulation Authority (PRA), emphasised to the Committee that the positions of the Bank of England and PRA with respect to usage of the Bank’s SMF facilities were completely aligned. He joined the Chair in stressing that all of the Bank’s SMF facilities – including the on-demand bilateral facilities (OSFs and Discount Window Facility) and the Bank’s market-wide facilities – remain ‘open for business’ and should be used by SMF participants for the purposes of liquidity management from the perspective of both the Bank of England and the PRA.footnote [4] David also noted that the PRA is in the process of reviewing its policies to make sure that they fully support this message; any changes would be subject to consultation as part of the PRA’s usual policy process.
A member of the Committee provided a presentation covering recent themes and conditions as they related to UK money markets. The presentation noted, and the Committee subsequently discussed: (1) more widespread usage of the Bank’s Short-Term Repo (STR) and Indexed Long-Term Repo (ILTR) facilities; (2) an acknowledgement that the pace at which aggregate reserves are expected to drain is likely to continue slowing as we approach the Preferred Minimum Range of Reserves (PMRR); and (3) widespread consensus that money market conditions going into year-end were expected to be calm and orderly.
One member highlighted developments in the difference between the SONIA interest rate benchmark and Bank Rate. It was noted that the difference between the two rates had continued to narrow and that the move was broad-based. The Committee will continue to monitor developments closely.
The Committee also discussed developments in the demand and supply dynamics in the UK Treasury bill market. Members welcomed the UK Debt Management Office’s announcement that they would launch a consultation in January 2026 on expanding and deepening the Treasury bill market.footnote [5]
A member of Bank staff provided a summary presentation of the Bank’s recently published Consultation Paper (CP) which outlines a proposed regulatory regime for sterling-denominated systemic stablecoins.footnote [6] The Bank continues to welcome responses from a wide range of stakeholders; the consultation closes on 10 February 2026.
The Committee engaged in discussion around the proposals and stressed the importance of the initiative for the future of UK money markets. It was highlighted that a sterling-denominated regime should exist complementary to managing risks from non-sterling stablecoins and should ensure interoperability, end-user protection and issuer viability. The Committee will continue to monitor developments as the proposals move forward.
James Winterton – Association of Corporate Treasurers
Cristiano Guidi – Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Gareth Jones – Barclays
Emma Cooper – BlackRock
Sara Carter – CME Group
Inna Shaykevich – Goldman Sachs
James Murphy – HSBC
Chris Brown – Insight Investment
Tony Baldwin – LCH
Ina Budh-Raja – ISLA
John Wherton – L&G
Scott Creed – Lloyds Bank
Nina Moylett – M&G
Nic Erevik – Newcastle Building Society
Chirag Patel – Rabobank
Romain Sinclair – Société Générale
Natasha Vowles – Tesco
John Argent – Tradition
Agne Stengeryte – Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Ludovic De Beaucorps – Bank of America Merrill Lynch
Farid Anvari – CME Group
Paul Canty – DMO
Alan Barnes – FCA
Fearghal Burke – Rabobank
Matt Roberts-Sklar (Chair)
David Bailey
Simon Dolan
Callum Ashworth
Jack Welling
Kirstine McMillan
Grainne McGread
Tom Smith
Ming Au
Pavel Chichkanov
Gordon Lowson – Aberdeen
Marije Verhelst – Euroclear
Edward Bond – J.P. Morgan
Alan Williams – Santander UK
Coronavirus Statistics. Worldometer https://www.worldometers.info/coronavirus/ (2025).
Wang, H. et al. Estimating excess mortality due to the COVID-19 pandemic: a systematic analysis of COVID-19-related mortality, 2020–21. Lancet 399,…