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Colossal black hole 36 billion suns in mass is one of the largest ever seen in the universe

The massive “Cosmic Horseshoe” galaxy system likely hosts a colossal black hole measuring 36 billion times the mass of our sun — one of the largest ever seen in the universe, a new study finds.

Scientists found the cosmic monster by peering through a halo of light called an “Einstein ring,” which is a kind of gravitational lens. Lensing happens when a massive foreground object, such as a galaxy cluster or a black hole, warps space-time, magnifying the light of more distant objects behind.

The ultramassive black hole finding was described Aug. 7 in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society.

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When it comes to measuring young and large black holes, the field is full of uncertainty. We can’t directly see black holes (they are visible through their effect on radiation, or nearby objects) so instead scientists use models to gauge their size. But because the young ones are so far away from us, and every model has an “error bar,” size estimations can’t be considered completely accurate.

“It’s one of the biggest, but not the very biggest,” Thomas Connor, an astrophysicist at the Center for Astrophysics, Harvard and Smithsonian who was not involved in the research, told Live Science. Connor added that the new paper shows at least one other black hole possibly surpassing the one in the Horseshoe galaxy.

As for what is likely the biggest black hole we know about, a study in The Astrophysical Journal in 2019 suggested TON 618 is the supreme-sized singularity, weighing in at roughly 40 billion solar masses.

To astronomers, however, it is not only the size of the black hole that is interesting. More broadly, big black holes in young galaxies highlight how little we know about the early universe.

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Most massive galaxies are thought to host supermassive black holes. It’s possible that galaxies and black holes therefore co-evolve, the authors of the new study wrote. However, it’s not clear if the evolution remains coupled among host galaxies and “ultramassive black holes.”

Increasingly, observatories like the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) are spotting ultramassive black holes in the very early universe — raising big questions about how such monstrous objects could form in so little time.

Connor said there aren’t any easy answers to that question yet.

He likened the size of the Cosmic Horseshoe’s black hole — and those like it — to finding a toddler-aged LeBron James at a daycare full of children. Figuring out how the galaxies got that big that quickly is “theoretically and computationally, incredibly challenging,” Connor added.

It could be that galaxies and their black holes go through a more extensive growth spurt than expected during their earlier days, gobbling up most of the material available and then remaining quiescent for billions of years. But this idea still challenges “fundamental limitations about how quickly things can grow,” Connor said.

Connor said this paradox of massive black holes in a young universe is forcing astronomers to look at the environments in which they grew, to learn more about evolution. Dark matter may play a role that is not clearly understood, for example.

This latest black hole find at the Cosmic Horseshoe was possible partly by chance, involving stellar motions paired with gravitational lensing, Connor said. The issue is there are likely other massive galaxies out there with supermassive black holes that we cannot easily see, as lensing is not always available to astronomers.

“Are there massive galaxies out there that we would need to find a way to measure their black holes in a comparable manner?” he said.

Black hole quiz: How supermassive is your knowledge of the universe?

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August 13, 2025
Strengthening Lassa Fever Vaccine Research and Trial Capacity in West Africa | by Nigeria Health Watch | Aug, 2025

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Image credit: Nigeria Health Watch

Ibukun Oguntola and Oluoma Karen Omeje (Lead writers)

In West Africa, Lassa fever remains a persistent and recurring health threat, causing hundreds of lives each year and underscoring urgent need for sustained investment in research and vaccine manufacturing capacity. In the first five months of 2025 alone, Nigeria reported over 717 confirmed cases and 138 deaths, highlighting the escalating risk and the critical importance of vaccine preparedness.

Developing any vaccine begins with addressing a well-define public health need. For Lassa fever, that means identifying the gap, understanding where and how the virus spreads, and who is most at risk. The Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations (CEPI)-funded Enable study plays a key role in these efforts, generating robust epidemiological and seroprevalence data across affected communities. These insights are essential for strengthening outbreak preparedness and directly inform future clinical trial design and site selection, ensuring that vaccine development efforts are targeted and impactful.

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Data alone is not enough. The Enable study is also building critical site capacity, from strengthening cold‑chain systems to laboratory diagnostics to improved ethical review processes and data management. These investments are ensuring that West Africa is not only prepared to host Lassa vaccine trials but positioned to lead them.

Vaccine research breakthroughs — Nigerian and global momentum

A new wave of scientific progress is redefining the prospects for Lassa fever prevention. In June 2025, Nigerian virologist, Dr Simeon Agwale of Innovative Biotech announced a major breakthrough, a Lassa fever vaccine developed from a strain native to Nigeria. Licensed from Medigen USA, the vaccine achieved 100% protection in preclinical trials involving mice and non-human primates exposed to the Nigerian Lassa virus strain. This represented a critical advancement from earlier candidates based on the Sierra Leonean Josiah strain. With this progress, Nigeria is ready to begin Phase 1 clinical trials, subject to manufacturing scale-up and facility upgrades to meet Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP) standards.

Complementing these national efforts, CEPI is supporting in several global vaccine candidates, including the IAVI-developed rVSV-based Lassa vaccine, modelled on the successful Ebola vaccine platform. Now in Phase 2a trials, the study is enrolling more than 600 participants, adults, adolescents, and children, across Nigeria, Ghana, and Liberia through the PREVAIL partnership (Partnership for Research on Vaccines and Infectious Diseases in Liberia).

These trials are assessing the vaccine’s safety and ability to generate an immune response, with results anticipated in 2025. Conducting the studies in West African sites ensures the vaccine is evaluated in the very communities most affected, while simultaneously strengthening trial infrastructure and regional capacity. Progress is also being made with the ChAdOx1 Lassa vaccine, developed by Oxford University’s Pandemic Science Institute and supported by CEPI. Using a modified adenovirus vector, the same platform as the Oxford/AstraZeneca COVID-19 vaccine, the candidate entered Phase 1 clinical trials in London in early 2025.

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Strengthening research and training infrastructure across West Africa

Across West Africa, momentum is building to strengthen vaccine research and trial capacity, driven by regional collaboration and national leadership. The Lassa Vaccine Coalition, led by the West Africa Health Organisation (WAHO), brings together governments, researchers, and regulators to ensure vaccine development is aligned with local priorities. Countries including Nigeria, Sierra Leone, and Liberia have established national Lassa vaccine task forces to coordinate preparedness and accelerate readiness for clinical trial.

A growing talent pipeline is advancing these goals. The Vanderbilt-Nigeria Building Research Capacity in HIV/Non-communicable Diseases (V-BRCH) programme is training researchers in ethics and Good Clinical Practice (GCP), while the Institute of Genomics and Global Health (formerly ACEGID) delivers genomic and diagnostic training critical for Lassa research. The Nigeria Field Epidemiology Training Programme (NFETP) has produced more than 300 epidemiologists with expertise in surveillance and outbreak response. The Kano Independent Research Centre Trust (KIRCT) serves as a model clinical trial centre, equipped with advanced laboratories, biorepositories, and robust community engagement systems.

To progress, West Africa requires targeted investments in vaccinology training, trial infrastructure, and career pathways that can translate scientific talent into sustained regional leadership in vaccine development.

Closing the gap between research and manufacturing

Research alone cannot deliver accessible solutions without manufacturing capacity. While Senegal’s Institut Pasteur de Dakar leads regional human vaccine production, most West African countries, including Nigeria, rely heavily on imports for routine immunisation. Nigeria’s National Veterinary Research Institute (NVRI) currently produces about 120 million livestock vaccine doses annually, with plans to scale up to 850 million doses by upgrading facilities to meet GMP standards. However, human vaccine production remains limited. Persistent challenges, including inadequate infrastructure, scarce local raw materials, and high production costs have kept Nigerian facilities off the list of manufacturers progressing toward WHO prequalification for human vaccines.

Bridging these gaps demands a multi‑pronged approach: sustained investment in training, expansion of clinical trial networks, and a regulatory framework that enable innovation. With scientific breakthroughs on the horizon, Nigeria and its neighbours have an opportunity to transition from being passive vaccine recipients to active producers, building a self‑reliant pathway to controlling Lassa fever and other endemic threats.

Existing Country Efforts in Strengthening Research and Clinical Trial Capacity in Nigeria

In September 2023, the Coordinating Minister of Health and Social Welfare, Prof. Muhammad Ali Pate, launched the Lassa Vaccine Task Force, bringing together two lead government agencies, the Nigeria Centre for Diseaase Control (NCDC) and the National Agency for Food and Drug Administration and Control (NAFDAC), under a single national strategy. The Task Force coordinates a unified national response, ensuring Nigeria’s priorities are embedded in global eaefforts to develop and advance Lassa fever vaccine candidates.

Alongside this, the Presidential Initiative for Unlocking the Healthcare Value Chain (PVAC) is focusing on three priorities, investment mobilisation, local manufacturing and supply-chain resilience, to reduce import dependency and shorten lead times for essential medical products. However, despite infrastructure expansion, a critical shortage of skilled researchers risks slowing progress.

Traditional fellowships that send researchers abroad have built individual expertise but have seldom translated into sustainable, home-grown R&D ecosystems. Outdated postgraduate curricula provide limited training in vaccinology and trial methodology, while returning fellows often confront under-resourced centres of excellence with limited grant support. Few structured mentorship programmes or career-pathway structures exist to retain top talent.

Building resilient clinical-trial capacity remains an essential, but often underestimated priority. CEPI has invested significantly into pan-African trial networks, recognising that achieving global goals, like the “100 Days Mission” requires not only strong vaccine candidate pipelines but also fully operational, high-quality study platforms in affected communities. For Nigeria, strengthening these networks means enabling scientists to design, oversee, and deliver trials end-to-end within the country, accelerating both national and global epidemic response.

Strategic actions

Lessons from regional and national initiatives illustrate what is possible when infrastructure and talent align. Ready‑to‑deploy trial platforms can significantly reduce development timelines, while partnerships that connect local scientists with international experts help build a workforce capable of independent innovation. To secure Nigeria’s position as a leader in Lassa fever vaccine development, bold and coordinated action is needed.

A. Overhaul postgraduate programmes, shifting from broad theoretical training to specialised, industry‑aligned tracks in vaccinology, drug development, and clinical research that draw on up-to-date curricula and specialised opportunities such as the Advanced Course in Vaccinology (ADVAC), ensuring knowledge is applied and sustained locally.

B. Establish and adequately fund new research centres anchored in national priorities, linked to both local industry and global networks.

C. Sustain investment in clinical trial infrastructure so studies can launch rapidlly and meet the highest standards.

Collaboration must become the norm: universities, biotech startups, government agencies, and international organisations working together to build a seamless pipeline from idea to impact.

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August 13, 2025
Astronomers explain one of the strangest explosions ever seen in our universe – The Washington Post
1. Astronomers explain one of the strangest explosions ever seen in our universe The Washington Post
2. Star Tries to Swallow a Black Hole, Ignites One of the Strangest Supernovas Ever Seen Gizmodo
3. Megastars shredded by black holes offer new type of cosmic explosion Science News Explores
4. AI Helps Astronomers Discover a New Type of Supernova | Newswise Newswise
5. Star Trying to Swallow a Black Hole May Have Triggered a New Type of Supernova ScienceAlert
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August 13, 2025
Weight loss before in vitro fertilization may improve reproductive outcomes in women with obesity – 2 Minute Medicine
1. Weight loss before in vitro fertilization may improve reproductive outcomes in women with obesity 2 Minute Medicine
2. Weight loss support before IVF could boost pregnancy chances – and reduce the need for treatment The Conversation
3. Weight loss drugs may be affecting fertility, but not in the way you may think michiganmedicine.org
4. Losing Weight Before IVF May Help Women With Obesity Get Pregnant MedPage Today
5. Health Rounds: Weight loss before IVF may improve odds of pregnancy Reuters
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August 13, 2025
Why Your Next Game Night Might Just be at a Restaurant Near You

Maybe it was the great pause that was the pandemic that caused less of a yearning for nightlife. Maybe it’s that younger people are increasingly looking for places to gather that don’t solely revolve around flashing lights and alcohol. And maybe, just maybe, it’s because we are all a little over only using phones as a means for connecting. Whatever the reason, droves of people are trading nights out at the club for nights in at the chess club.

Yes, New York is fully in its board games era. Over the past few years, crowds of Gen Zers and Millennials have brought back the art and fun of table games, selling out pop-up chess nights in Dimes Square, playing backgammon at the same place they knock back a glass of wine and trading tokens won at shiny Japanese arcades for special-edition Labubus. And with the success of D&D’s sold-out show at MSG last year, UNO-themed social clubs rolling out in the U.S. this month and Chuck E. Cheese opening a chain of adults-only arcades (hopefully, minus the animatronics, unless it’s this one), it seems that the trend of gaming is here to stay. But beyond just wine bars and barcades getting in on the fun, restaurants are also inviting us to game on.

RECOMMENDED: The best arcade bars in NYC for games and recreations

Silvia Barban’s Crown Heights restaurant, Briscola Trattoria, keeps a simple motto: “Come for the food, stay for a Briscola card game.” And she means it. Because if you happen to book the last seating on Tuesdays and Wednesday nights, you can digest your meal of sweetbread pastas and sweets plucked off the dessert cart while learning how to play the Italian card game the restaurant was named for (it is also a slang word for hangover, truly a triple word score). For Barban, the card game was just another way of sharing her heritage with her clientele.

“Every time there is a holiday or after you eat, you will play cards,” said Barban, reminiscing about days playing the game at the beach or with her family at home. “It’s one of those moments where you sit around the table and connect and just have fun with each other.”

RECOMMENDED: 13 board game cafes to play Catan and DnD in NYC

Earlier this spring, my sister and I got in on the tradition as our server and restaurant partner, Federico Cesi, taught us how to play on a calm Tuesday night. While the rules were spelled out on the large chalkboard in the overflow dining room, Cesi was quick to join our table, serving as a welcome backseat driver as I played my hand, granting me my first victory. As we left, Cesi gifted us the cards, something Barban notes is a common occurrence.

Photograph: Courtesy Briscola Trattoria| Tagliatelle Al Ragu and a game of Briscola?

“Every week, I will come to Briscola and be like, ‘Federico, why do we only have two decks?’ And he’ll be like, “The other day these guys came and they wanted to learn how to play, so I just gave it to them. They’re gonna bring it back another time.’” And he’s right, as several card carriers have since returned to the trattoria’s table. In this way, Barban is able to solidify her restaurant as a place to connect over more than just food.

“We don’t want to be just the restaurant where you just go. We wanted to be part of our community,” said Barban.

As Barban uses cards to reconnect to her longstanding familial traditions, Randi Lee, owner of Leland Eating and Drinking House, uses gaming to discover his. You see, every month, the back dining room of the Prospect Heights eatery becomes a hotbed for mahjong, where a certified master teaches newbies and seasoned pros alike. Yet Lee admits he was never taught how to play, intentionally so.

“There was a generation that was skipped—none of my elders play,” said Lee. “I think part of that was post-war. That generation of Asian Americans really didn’t want to embrace their heritage, and I think that those traditions were kind of lost.”

Photograph: Courtesy Leland Eating and Drinking House| Mahjong and jook at Leland Eating and Drinking House

By happenstance, the idea of a mahjong-based game night sprouted back in 2021 as Lee and his team, including his wife and creative director Jeanette Zinno and executive chef Delfin Jaranilla, were drumming up ideas of what to do for Lunar New Year. They decided to include a mahjong class as part of the celebrations. The following year, they brought it back and slowly started incorporating it here and there, fulfilling requests for private events and hosting pop-up nights during AAPI Month. But after each game-fueled night, diners kept asking, “When’s the next one?”

Realizing they had an idea on their hands, the team tapped their social media looking for a mahjong master. Lenny An of Green Tile Social Club answered the call, and now he comes to the eatery every month to impart on guests the history of the game, its various styles, from Hong Kong to Taiwanese rules, and, of course, lessons on how to play. During the two-hour ticketed event, priced at $50, Leland also does what it does best: feeding gamers glossy dumplings plump with pork and duck, shumai dumplings, and warm cups of jook—all while tiles are reshuffled and hands are played.

Once players learned the basics, Lee reasoned, what else can keep the game going? And so, during the restaurant’s Vinyl Hour, from 1 to 4pm on Wednesday, Lee invited the community for free play. On their first go, seven players showed up, including an individual from Hawaii looking to play a few rounds. The implementation of game night is just the ethos of Leland, Lee says, as listening to the community helps make the restaurant a destination that the neighborhood deserves.

“Third space is new to me, so I don’t really know if there’s a definition besides having something for the community that’s an extension of your own home,” he said. “Everything that we do, we really think of the community first and what people are asking for.”

Listening to their community is exactly what chef and co-owner of Kings Co Imperial, Josh Grinker, did to bring their game night to life. At his 10-year-old restaurant in Williamsburg, the restaurant’s back room, named the Imperial Room, had already become a hub for experiential events, including their popular dumpling-making class. It was in this room that mahjong player Theresa Hong of Dragons Den Mahjong saw an opportunity and reached out to the team via social media about the possibility of hosting a game night. Since the first event in March, the restaurant has hosted two more, and is making the class a monthly occurrence where people can learn the basics or play with seasoned pros, while eating a buffet of the restaurant’s popular eats, including the Many Mushroom Beijing Street Noodle, eggrolls and dumplings. Grinker reasons that a lean into experiential dining, gaming included in the mix, is not only good for the community but good for business.

“Something experiential involving food is always something that’s sought after,” he said. “People want to eat dinner, but they also want to learn how to make some dumplings or play a game. It sort of adds to the fun of having more than just a meal.”

In a time where diners are in a perpetual state of looking for more, bonding over a good game and good food seems to be a winning combo.

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August 13, 2025
Andrew Lloyd Webber Teases Possible Tour For ‘Jesus Christ Superstar’

Andrew Lloyd Webber‘s Really Useful Group today announced a name-change – as expected it’s now LW Entertainment – and a line-up of projects, confirming a Spring 2026 Broadway transfer of the Off Broadway hit Cats reimagining Cats: The Jellicle Ball.

While that news isn’t surprising – a Broadway Jellicle Ball has been all but guaranteed since the revitalized musical took New York by storm last year in its Off Broadway incarnation – today’s lengthy announcement includes a deep-buried reference to Superstar, which drew raves earlier this month when the three-night, sold-out concert version starring Cynthia Erivo played L.A.’s Hollywood Bowl.

“With rave reviews across the board, Jesus Christ Superstar, has just played a sell-out, three-night concert for over 50,000 people at the Hollywood Bowl, starring Cynthia Erivo, the first female Jesus, and Adam Lambert as Judas,” the press release states. “Described by Playbill as ‘as close to a religious experience as a musical theatre performance can get,’ this production is prompting calls for an arena tour.”

The announcement did not specify whether LW Entertainment would answer those calls, nor say when or even if such an arena tour could launch. Nor did it mention casting. Deadline has reached out to a spokesperson for the company for additional comment.

Today’s announcement formalized the long-brewing rebrand of Lloyd Webber’s Really Useful Group, now LW Entertainment. The London-based group, led by CEO James McKnight, manages Lloyd Webber’s body of work, “expanding across multiple entertainment formats” and will focus solely on copyright exploitation (theatrical production will be handled by Michael Harrison for Lloyd Webber Harrison Musicals).

LW’s mission will include, the announcement continues, “developing brand and franchise strategies for some of the world’s most celebrated titles, such as The Phantom of the Opera, Cats, Jesus Christ Superstar, Joseph and the Amazing Technicolor Dreamcoat, Evita, Sunset Boulevard and Starlight Express.”

McKnight, CEO of LW Entertainment, said in a statement, “It is a privilege to be part of the next chapter of the Lloyd Webber family business. For nearly 50 years, this company has worked with the best in the industry to deliver transformational entertainment. LW Entertainment is about doing more of the same. We want to spread our impact across the world, taking the magic of Andrew’s work into more formats. I firmly believe that great business strategy is led by creativity, passion and partnership. Looking around us, I am not sure we could ask for much more.”

Today’s announcement comes as Lloyd Webber’s work is enjoying a significant revival. In addition to Cats: The Jellicle Ball (in which directors Zhailon Levingston and Bill Rauch reimagine the familiar musical in a Pose-like Ballroom environment) and the Erivo Superstar, the composer’s Sunset Blvd. returned to the West End and Broadway, and The Phantom of the Opera has been transformed in Manhattan into an immersive, Sleep No More-style production called Masquerade.

Masquerade, LW Entertainment says, “is part of significant, global plans for The Phantom of the Opera over the coming years across live theatre, film, publishing, music, and many other areas.”

Among those plans: LW Entertainment will expand the Phantom of the Opera franchise with a new worldwide book publishing program, in partnership with Penguin Random House LLC., which launches in Fall 2026 with Our Strange Duet, a young adult reimagining of the Gothic love story that will bring a new voice to Christine Daaé, a central part of the Phantom canon.

Also, LW Entertainment says it has engaged Justin Leach of Qubic Pictures, Co-Executive Producer on Star Wars: Visions and showrunner of Netflix’s Eden and Leviathan, to explore opportunities for a new Phantom anime.

Leach said in a statement, “I’m incredibly excited to join forces with the talented team at LW Entertainment to bring The Phantom of the Opera to life through anime. This project is a rare opportunity to unite the grandeur of musical theatre with the artistry of Japanese animation – two beloved traditions that have touched audiences around the world. Our goal is to create a timeless and emotionally resonant experience that speaks to a global audience and honors the legacy of this iconic story.“

In addition to McKnight, the LW Entertainment exec teams includes Louise Hughes, Chief Operating Officer and General Counsel; Lawrence Chapman, Group Chief Financial Officer; and Libby Grant, Chief Commercial Officer. The composer’s focus remains on musical composition.

Madeleine Lloyd Webber, Group President of LW Entertainment and LW Theatres, said, “’The heart and soul of the company is creativity and innovation’ – a quote from Bob Iger which perfectly reflects LW Entertainment. This is a very exciting new chapter for our family business, while respecting and building upon RUG’s extraordinary legacy. The Lloyd Webber family are aligned and share the vision of LW Entertainment: to create, entertain, excite, challenge, disrupt, and inspire audiences across many art forms for generations to come. The brilliant team led by James McKnight, ably supported by our chairman David Chance and the rest of our Board, have already delivered innovation, and I’m excited and optimistic about the ambitious plans they have for the future.”

Not mentioned in today’s announcement was any news of a Broadway transfer for the hit London Evita revival starring Rachel Zegler. Lloyd Webber’s new musical, The Illusionist, will be produced, the announcement confirms, but where and when details were not specified.

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August 13, 2025
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