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How Princess Kate makes Prince Louis feel included with older siblings

Prince William and Princess Kate share three children: George, 11, Charlotte, 10, and Louis, 7

Kate Middleton knows just how to make her son Prince Louis part of the fun.

While Prince George, 11, and Princess Charlotte, 10, have attended Wimbledon matches with their parents, seven-year-old Louis has yet to make his debut. But that hasn’t stopped the youngest Wales child from getting involved.

According to the Daily Mail, Princess Kate revealed during a 2023 Wimbledon appearance that Louis had been practicing his ball boy skills at home. “Louis was very upset he was coming today,” she revealed. “It’s Charlotte’s first time, George came last year. They’ve been eagerly watching.”

Kate reportedly shared with a young ball boy, Joel, that Louis had taken a special interest in copying the professionals on court.

“He tries to practise the standing and staying serious, like us,” Joel told PA News.

While they’ve taken on their father Prince Wiliam’s love for football, the Wales children share their mother’s passion for tennis. In 2019, Princess Catherine even arranged for private tennis lessons for Prince George with none other than Wimbledon champion Roger Federer.

As the prestigious tennis championship kicks off on Monday, June 30, it is yet to be confirmed whether the Prince and Princess of Wales will attend, or which of their children will join.

However, one member of the royal family made her return to the courtside after more than 20 years: Sarah Ferguson.

The Duchess of York was joined by her daughter Princess Beatrice as they watched the action from the Royal Box at SW19 on opening day.

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June 30, 2025
Erdem Hospital Launches New Pre-Surgery Education Program

Photo: Erdem Hospital via FL Communications

ISTANBUL, June 30, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — Erdem Hospital in Istanbul has announced the launch of a new pre-operative education program tailored specifically for bariatric patients. This initiative marks another step in the hospital’s ongoing commitment to compassionate, informed, and individualized care. By preparing patients more thoroughly emotionally, physically, and mentally before surgery, the program reinforces the hospital’s philosophy that true healing begins long before the operation itself.

Amid rising interest in weight management drugs like Ozempic, with their promise of rapid results, a growing number of people are turning to a more enduring path: gastric sleeve surgery. While pharmacological options may appeal for their convenience, many healthcare professionals emphasize that true, sustainable transformation often requires medical intervention rooted in both science and empathy.

The Promise of Permanent Change

Gastric sleeve, or sleeve gastrectomy, does more than restrict portions; it fundamentally reshapes hunger-regulating hormones and supports lasting metabolic adjustment. For patients seeking genuine change, not just a temporary shift, this surgery offers a lifelong solution rather than a short-term treatment.

In Istanbul, a prominent hospital has quietly achieved consistent success: performing thousands of gastric sleeve procedures with strong outcomes and patient satisfaction. With nearly 37 years of healthcare experience, Erdem Hospital has built a formidable reputation in bariatric care.

Patient Stories That Speak Volumes

Statistics tell one part of the story but it’s the voices of patients that truly capture the transformation:

“I can’t think of better care from the beginning to my discharge home… My only regret is not having my gastric sleeve surgery performed before. … Now I’m happy and have already lost 30 kg in four months.”

This testimonial underscores how life-changing the procedure can be, and that emotional reassurance is just as crucial as surgical skill.

Another article described the philosophy at Erdem Hospital, noting they treat patients “not as ‘cases’ or ‘surgeries,’ but as guests, companions, and… individuals navigating one of the most courageous decisions of their lives.” This ethos is woven into every interaction from multilingual coordinators helping arrange travel to personalized nutrition and mental wellness support.

A Caregiver-Driven Philosophy

Photo: Erdem Hospital

What sets this hospital apart is its caregiver model, a deeply human approach that sees each patient as a partner. The moment they arrive, every effort is made to provide comfort, clarity, and confidence.

Rather than delivering a pre-packaged service, the team offers guidance tailored to each individual’s story: family inclusion, culturally sensitive care, and remote follow-ups to make sure no one is left to navigate recovery alone. After all, healing isn’t complete at discharge; it lasts a lifetime.

A New Chapter in Compassionate Healthcare

In Istanbul, Erdem Hospital is laying the foundation for a new medical facility that reflects both its long-standing values and a modern understanding of patient care. Designed to meet the needs of international patients, the hospital will combine nearly four decades of clinical experience with thoughtful architectural choices and personalized support systems. Rather than focusing on luxury or high patient turnover, this new center is being built around trust, clarity, and comfort offering a calm, reliable space for those seeking not just treatment, but genuine healing.

Hope Returned, One Life at a Time

Photo: Erdem Hospital

In a world where fast fixes dominate headlines, this Istanbul hospital’s success reminds us of a simple truth: lasting impact requires deep care. Through thousands of gastric sleeve surgeries, they haven’t just impacted waistlines, they’ve restored ambition, renewed mobility, and reignited hope.

For patients wary of temporary solutions, this proves a powerful alternative: surgery rooted not in transaction, but in human trust and support.

Why This Matters Now

With obesity-related health issues soaring worldwide, they’re not the whole answer. Sales of weight-loss drugs may surge, but they come with questions about sustainability and side effects.

Here, the combination of proven surgical technique and a compassionate care framework offers a comprehensive pathway to health. It’s a reminder that behind every life-changing procedure is a story of vulnerability and a team dedicated to guiding healing.

Compassion + Expertise = Confidence to Heal

For anyone weighing their options be it medication or surgery what truly matters isn’t just efficacy, but the ecosystem of care around them. This Istanbul hospital is a testament to that model: extensive expertise supported by a caregiver philosophy that values human connection as much as clinical outcome.

In giving thousands of patients not just weight loss, but confidence and renewed purpose, they aren’t just performing surgeries, they’re seeding hope, one life at a time.

About Erdem Hospital

Photo: Erdem Hospital

Established in Istanbul in 1988, Erdem Hospital is one of Türkiye’s leading private healthcare networks, with three facilities specializing in bariatric surgery, organ transplantation, advanced diagnostics, and robotic systems.
More information: https://erdemhospital.com

Media Contact:

FL PR and Communications

Mail: info@erdemhospital.com

Web: https://erdemhospital.com/

asset@flcommunications.co.uk

Photos accompanying this announcement are available at:

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/9c513658-5f08-4625-8399-749fb6e44859

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/488c58ff-8c0a-4693-8bf4-1a30ad29df13

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/51cb2243-c70f-4360-a51a-9ecf972fec98

https://www.globenewswire.com/NewsRoom/AttachmentNg/8c3cd4a3-bc41-4b3f-b585-c5dac4ba19bf

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June 30, 2025
Protecting Mental Health and Preventing Burnout in Health and Care Workers

The fifth in this year’s Working for Health 2030 webinar series co-hosted by WHO and NHS England, this seminar examines the prevalence of mental health issues and burnout among health and care workers, focusing on organisational and systemic drivers. We will explore how employers and health systems can address these issues and prioritise staff well-being, leading to improved retention and productivity. The discussion, led by Shriti Pattani National Clinical Expert in Occupational Health and Wellbeing for NHS England and the Clinical Director, Consultant in Occupational Medicine and Head of Service of an Occupational Health and Wellbeing service for a large Acute Trust in London, will include:

✅ What burnout looks like — and why health and care workers are especially at risk
✅ Evidence-based interventions to support mental health and well-being
✅ How data and digital tools can help us tackle burnout
✅ Innovative, low-cost strategies to improve staff experience, well-being, retention and productivity

Don’t miss this opportunity to reflect, engage, and be a part of the solution. Our duty of care begins with protecting those who care for us.

Register now

Additional information: NHS England

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June 30, 2025
Independent disciplinary process update: Randall Baker (New Zealand) and George Timmins (England) – World Rugby
1. Independent disciplinary process update: Randall Baker (New Zealand) and George Timmins (England) World Rugby
2. Independent disciplinary process update: George Timmins (England) and Randall Baker (New Zealand) World Rugby
3. England player ruled out of U20 Championship Rugbypass.com
4. England suffers big blow ahead of Baby Bok face-off Rugby365
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June 30, 2025
Gut Bacteria Produce Sphingolipids To Protect Host

The totality of bacteria, viruses and fungi that exist in and on a multicellular organism forms its natural microbiome. The interactions between the body and these microorganisms significantly influence both, the functions and health of the host organism. Researchers assume that the microbiome plays an important role in the defence against pathogens, among other things. The Collaborative Research Centre (CRC) 1182 “Origin and Function of Metaorganisms” at Kiel University has been investigating the highly complex interplay between host organisms and microorganisms for several years using various model organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans.

In a recent study, researchers from the CRC 1182 have gained new insights into the molecular mechanisms within the microbiome which contribute to the defence against pathogens. In collaboration with scientists from the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology and the University of Edinburgh, they discovered that a protective bacterium of the genus Pseudomonas, which is found in the intestinal microbiome of C. elegans, produces sphingolipids. This result was surprising, as it was previously assumed that the production of sphingolipids was restricted to only a few bacterial phyla and the bacterial genus Pseudomonas was not known to be able to produce these specific molecules. The researchers discovered that Pseudomonas utilises an alternative metabolic pathway for sphingolipid production, which differs significantly from the known sphingolipid synthesis pathways in other bacteria. They were also able to show that the sphingolipids produced by Pseudomonas bacteria play an essential role in protecting the intestinal epithelium of the host from damage by the pathogen.

Responsible for sphingolipid production in Pseudomonas bacteria is a specific biosynthetic gene cluster that forms the enzymes for this novel metabolic pathway. Interestingly, similar gene clusters were also found in other host-associated gut bacteria, suggesting that the ability to produce sphingolipids may be more widespread than previously thought. This suggests that bacterial sphingolipids may play a central role in microbiome-mediated protection against infection – not only in C. elegans, but potentially also in other host organisms. The results of the interdisciplinary study, conducted under the leadership of PD Dr Katja Dierking (Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics research group at Kiel University), in collaboration with other research groups from Kiel and national and international cooperation partners, were recently published in the journal Nature Communications.

Bacteria use alternative pathway to produce protective sphingolipids

A few years ago, the Kiel research group had already published a study (Kissoyan et al. (2019), Current Biology) that showed that certain members of the C. elegans microbiota protect against pathogen infection. “For one Pseudomonas species we knew that it can protect the worm from infections. However, we had not yet been able to identify the substances and mechanisms involved,” emphasises Dr Lena Peters, a scientist in the Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics research group.

In a broad-based collaboration of scientists both within the CRC 1182 – including Kiel professors Christoph Kaleta and Manuel Liebeke – and with external scientists, including Professor Helge Bode from the MPI for Terrestrial Microbiology in Marburg and Professor Dominic Campopiano from the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, the genetic and metabolic basis of the protection against infection mediated by the microbiome was analyzed. Using metabolic and transcriptional studies, single molecule analyses and mass spectrometry approaches, the researchers made a surprising discovery: they were able to prove that the protective bacteria of the genus Pseudomonas produce sphingolipids that influence the worm’s sphingolipid metabolism and thus support the host’s protection against pathogens.

“This finding is relatively new,” explains Peters, member of the CRC 1182, “normally, bacteria use the sphingolipid metabolism of host organisms to manipulate it in a targeted manner to promote infections. In our case, however, we observe the opposite – bacterial sphingolipids apparently actively support the protection of the host.” Sphingolipids are fat-like molecules that are typically found in eukaryotes, where they fulfil important structural and regulatory functions, but are rare in bacteria. In Pseudomonas, they are synthesised via a previously unknown, alternative metabolic pathway – not as a component of primary metabolism, as is usually the case, but as a so-called secondary metabolite.

The researchers discovered that this previously unknown metabolic pathway is based on a specific biosynthetic gene cluster, a so-called polyketide synthase. “With our experiments, we were able to confirm that the worms survived better in the presence of Pseudomonas fluorescens bacteria possessing this gene cluster when they were infected with the pathogen Bacillus thuringiensis,” emphasises Peters, first author of the study. After identifying the responsible genes, the scientists could confirm through further analyses that the gene cluster encodes the enzymes required for sphingolipid synthesis. “It is exciting to be authors on this important, breakthrough paper. We are pleased that our expertise in bacterial sphingolipid research has helped discover a new role in the worm microbiome for these enigmatic lipids,” says Prof. Campopiano.

“The protective mechanism against infections with B. thuringiensis apparently works indirectly. The lipids produced by Pseudomonas influence the worm’s sphingolipid metabolism, which presumably leads to an improved barrier function of the intestinal cells,” explains Peters. When the worm is infected with B. thuringiensis, the toxins of the pathogen create small pores in the cell membrane of the host, which makes it easier for the pathogens to penetrate. “We assume that the sphingolipid metabolism modified by P. fluorescens strengthens the stability and resistance of the cell membranes – and thus offers effective, indirect protection against pathogens,” Peters continues.

“Overall, the new research work expands our understanding of how microbial metabolites support host defence against pathogens,” says Dierking, independent group leader in the Evolutionary Ecology and Genetics research group. In the long term, the researchers of the CRC 1182, who are also active in Kiel University’s priority research area Kiel Life Science (KLS), hope that better knowledge of such fundamental mechanisms will also make it possible to influence disorders of the human gut microbiome which may result in better treatment options for a variety of associated diseases.

Reference: Peters L, Drechsler M, Herrera MA, et al. Polyketide synthase-derived sphingolipids mediate microbiota protection against a bacterial pathogen in C. elegans. Nat Commun. 2025;16(1):5151. doi: 10.1038/s41467-025-60234-1

This article has been republished from the following materials. Note: material may have been edited for length and content. For further information, please contact the cited source. Our press release publishing policy can be accessed here.

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June 30, 2025
The path to malaria elimination in Suriname – PAHO/WHO

Community-embedded healthcare: A critical strategy

Given these factors, embedding healthcare workers directly within communities is crucial. Dijon Jullien, a healthcare assistant on Gakaba Island, a small community bordering Suriname and French Guiana, has witnessed the positive impact of the country’s primary healthcare service on local malaria reduction. “When individuals visit the clinic, they feel reassured that they will receive proper care. The health assistants are like sisters to the community, making it easy for everyone to discuss their health concerns openly,” she shared.

From 2000 to 2005, Suriname faced a high malaria incidence, with about 160 reported cases per 1000 people. However, thanks to the country’s dedicated efforts – including universal access to diagnosis and treatment, an extensive network of community health workers, and nationwide malaria screening at border crossings – Suriname has successfully eliminated the disease.

Photo credit: Rafael Jantz

“Being malaria-free means that our population is no longer at risk from malaria and will also have positive effects on our healthcare sector, the economy and tourism,” said Dr. Amar Ramadhin, Suriname’s Minister of Health. “We are the first Amazonian country to be malaria-free, setting an example for other nations in the region that are still struggling with this disease.”

PAHO has continued to collaborate with Suriname throughout the elimination process on the development of policies and programs to strengthen prevention, surveillance, and treatment. With support from the US Government, PAHO has provided cooperation for the country’s anti-malaria campaign. In addition to support provide by the Global Fund since 2005, Suriname has also benefited from financing provided by the Inter-American Development Bank to tackle infectious diseases, including malaria.

Photo credit: Coco Duivenvoorde

Malaria is one of the diseases targeted by PAHO’s Disease Elimination Initiative, which aims to eliminate over 30 communicable diseases, including malaria, across the Americas by 2030.

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June 30, 2025
Galaxy phone users should turn on these new anti-theft features ASAP, says Samsung
Kerry Wan/ZDNET

If you’re a Galaxy phone user, Samsung warns that you need to activate some new features as soon as you can.

In a recent press release, Samsung explained that as phone thefts continue to rise around the world, it’s critical for users to make sure they enable their phone’s security measures – some of which are new to One UI 7.

Also: Phone theft is on the rise – 7 ways to protect your device before it’s too late

One of the areas getting an update is Theft Protection, which Samsung called “a multi-layered suite of features developed to safeguard personal data.” Existing and updated features in this suite include:
- Theft Detection Lock: This feature uses machine learning to detect motions associated with theft (like a sudden snatch and rapid acceleration), and instantly locks the screen to stop unauthorized access. Pixel devices introduced a similar feature last fall.
- Offline Device Lock: If your device is disconnected from the network for an extended time, the screen gets automatically locked.
- Remote Lock: If your phone has already been stolen, you can lock it remotely using your phone number and a quick verification step. You can also regain control of your account and explore additional recovery options.
These features build on the standard Android safety protection, Samsung noted, but take security a step further by introducing additional protection for high-risk scenarios when your access credentials have been compromised.

To turn on these features, head to your device’s settings menu and find security and privacy, then “Lost Device Protection” and “Theft Protection.”

Samsung also recommended enabling new anti-robbery features that were released in One UI 7, including:
- Identity check: Samsung lets you define trusted places (say, your home in Google Maps) where your phone stays unlocked. With the “Safe Places” feature, if you’re outside a trusted place, your phone will require biometric authentication for any sensitive security changes. This helps keep your device safe even if someone has your PIN.
- Security Delay: If someone attempts to reset biometric data, your phone puts a one-hour waiting period in place. This gives users time to lock their stolen phone from another device before unauthorized access can occur.
These features are also under the Security and Privacy Section of the settings menu, but under “Lost Device Protection.”

Also: 5 warning signs that your phone’s been hacked – and how to fight back
Samsung said the updated theft features are becoming available now on previous flagship devices like the Galaxy S24 series, Z Fold6, Z Flip6, Z Fold5, Z Flip 5, S23, and S22 series, with future updates coming to even more Galaxy smartphones.

Features like this are starting to become commonplace. Android rolled out broader anti-theft measures last fall, added a few more in May, and even introduced some enhanced protections just a few days ago. Apple introduced its own version for iPhones last January.

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June 30, 2025
Europe’s expanding heat wave fuels record temperatures, including in the Alps – The Washington Post
1. Europe’s expanding heat wave fuels record temperatures, including in the Alps The Washington Post
2. ‘Unprecedented’ alerts in France as blistering heat grips Europe BBC
3. Europe heatwave grips Italy, Spain and France as wildfires rage in Turkey – as it happened The Guardian
4. Europe swelters as early summer heat breaks records DW
5. Fires break out and most of France put on heatwave alert Business Recorder
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June 30, 2025
Indian boxers get off to strong start

India’s campaign at the World Boxing Cup Kazakhstan 2025 began on a promising note, with Hitesh Gulia, Sachin Siwach, Minakshi and Muskan picking up opening-day wins in Astana on Monday.

Competing at the Beeline Arena, Indian boxers Hitesh Gulia and Sachin Siwach started off with unanimous wins in the men’s light middleweight (70kg) and lightweight boxing (60kg) categories, respectively.

Hitesh Gulia, a gold medallist from the opening leg of the World Boxing Cup in Brazil, outclassed Olympian Kan Chia-Wei of Chinese Taipei 5:0. Sachin, a bronze winner in Brazil, was convincing in his 5:0 win over Canada’s Keoma-Ali Al-Ahmadieh.

In women’s events, Minakshi began her campaign with a clean 5:0 win over Australia’s Madeleine Bowen in the light flyweight (48kg) division.

Meanwhile, Muskan edged England’s Kerry Davis in a closely contested 3:2 decision in the middleweight category (75kg).

Back in April, India had claimed six medals at the previous World Boxing Cup leg in Brazil.

The Indian women did not compete in Brazil. The tournament in Astana is the second of three scheduled events that help boxers accumulate ranking points throughout the year.

The Kazakhstan leg will run until July 7, with over 400 boxers from 31 countries, including Olympians, competing across 10 weight categories in both men’s and women’s divisions. India have sent a 20-member team.

The series will conclude with a final event in India this November, where stage winners and top-ranked boxers will compete for the World Boxing Cup title.

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June 30, 2025
Tens of Thousands of Heart Attacks and Strokes Could Be Avoided Each Year if Cholesterol-Lowering Drugs Were Used According to Guidelines | Johns Hopkins

A new study led by Johns Hopkins researchers has identified a significant gap between the number of U.S. patients for whom cholesterol-lowering drugs such as statins are recommended and the actual number of patients who take them.

Coronary artery disease remains a leading cause of death in the U.S. and globally, despite the development of statins and other cholesterol-lowering medications in recent decades. Many adults who should be taking these drugs to lower their low-density-lipoprotein (LDL) levels are not—even though these drugs are considered safe and there is a large body of evidence supporting their effectiveness. In their new study, the researchers sought to quantify this treatment gap.

In a nationally representative analysis of nearly 5,000 U.S. adults, the researchers found that among those who had never had a major cardiovascular event, just under half—47%—were eligible for cholesterol-lowering drugs under U.S. guidelines but only 23% were taking them. Among those who had a record of a major cardiovascular event, just over two-thirds—68%—were receiving cholesterol-lowering treatment when 100% were eligible for them under 2018 U.S. guidelines.

The researchers estimate that closing this treatment gap could help prevent nearly 100,000 non-fatal heart attacks in the U.S. each year and up to 65,000 strokes overall in the U.S. each year, and also prevent tens of thousands of heart bypass surgeries and stent-placement procedures annually in the U.S.

Bringing treatment in line with recommended U.S. guidelines could save up to $30.6 billion in annual medical costs in the U.S. for these prevented events, the researchers estimate.

The findings were published online June 30 in the Journal of General Internal Medicine.

“These results add to a growing body of evidence that there are important shortcomings in the quality of care for common and costly chronic diseases such as high cholesterol, and that addressing those shortcomings would yield major public health benefits,” says study lead author G. Caleb Alexander, MD, a practicing internist and professor in the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health’s Department of Epidemiology.

For their study, the researchers analyzed data on a nationally representative sample of 4,980 American adults, ages 40–75, from U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys taken from 2013 to 2020. The researchers used data for each individual that included LDL-cholesterol levels and cardiovascular risk profiles to determine eligibility for lipid-lowering medications based on 2018 U.S. guidelines, as well as actual use of such medications by U.S. patients.

The researchers also analyzed U.S. patient data applying E.U. guidelines. The European guidelines had more aggressive LDL-C goals compared to U.S. guidelines, resulting in wider gaps between observed and recommend care.

The vast majority of the individuals in the sample—89%—didn’t have a record of a major cardiovascular event such as a stroke, heart attack, or coronary bypass surgery. In this “primary prevention” group, representing about 116 million U.S. adults, only 23% were using lipid-lowering drugs to prevent such events, although 47% were eligible for such drugs under U.S. guidelines.

Among the 11% of the sample who did have a record of a major cardiovascular event—a “secondary prevention” sample representing about 15 million U.S. adults—only 68% received any LDL-lowering treatment, despite 100% being eligible under both the U.S. and E.U guidelines examined.

The researchers estimated that if treatment for all eligible individuals were fully aligned with U.S. or E.U. guidelines, including the use of non-statin LDL-lowering drugs in many cases, median levels of LDL cholesterol would drop sharply, reducing the risk of major cardiovascular events in the U.S. by up to 27%.

“Several factors account for the gaps that we document,” says Alexander. “They include differences in clinician training, patient preferences, barriers to accessing care, financial incentives that don’t always support best practices, and the difficulty of putting clinical guidelines into practice in busy, real-world settings.”

Bringing actual treatment closer to what guidelines recommend could be achieved through various measures including better patient education on the benefits of treatment for those who know they have high LDL-cholesterol levels, and better screening for everyone else, the researchers say.

“High cholesterol is an important chronic health condition that silently claims far too many lives —there are millions of people walking around with this condition that don’t even know they have it, and then when it is recognized it too often goes undertreated. Evidence-based action is critical to close the gap and prevent devastating cardiovascular events,” says study senior author Seth S. Martin, MD, MHS, a practicing cardiologist and professor at the Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine.

“U.S. Public Health Gains from Improved Treatment of Hypercholesterolemia: A Simulation Study of NHANES Adults Treated to Guideline-Directed Therapy” was co-authored by G. Caleb Alexander, Jill Curran, Alejandro Victores, Hemalkumar Mehta, Shanshan Lin, Xuya Xiao, Erin Michos, Jeromie Ballreich, Lori Bash, Jason Exter, Kathryn Foti, and Seth Martin.

Funding was provided by Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC.

Disclosures: Caleb Alexander is past chair of FDA’s Peripheral and Central Nervous System Advisory Committee and is a co-founding principal and equity holder in Stage Analytics. Outside of this work, Seth Martin has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, AstraZeneca, BMS, Kaneka, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, Premier, Sanofi, and 89bio. Outside of this work, Erin Michos has received personal consulting fees from Amgen, Arrowhead, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, Edwards Lifescience, Esperion, Ionis, Lilly, Medtronic, Merck, NewAmsterdam, Novartis, Novo Nordisk, and Pfizer. These arrangements have been reviewed and approved by Johns Hopkins University in accordance with its conflict of interest policies. Alejandro Victores, Lori Bash and Jason Exter are employees of Merck Sharp & Dohme LLC, a subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey, USA. Jill Curran is now employed by Boehringer Ingelheim.

# # #

Media contacts: Jon Eichberger je@jhu.edu or Kris Henry khenry39@jhu.edu

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June 30, 2025