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  • Jemimah Wei and Tash Aw Tell Time and Place ‹ Literary Hub

    Jemimah Wei and Tash Aw Tell Time and Place ‹ Literary Hub

    This is Awakeners, a Lit Hub Radio podcast about mentorship in the literary arts. Robert Frost allegedly said he was not a teacher but an “awakener.” On every episode of this podcast, host Lena Crown speaks with writers, artists, critics, and scholars across generations who have awakened something for one another. We chat about how their relationship has evolved, examine the connections and divergences in their writing and thinking, and dig into the archives for traces of their mutual influence.

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    On this episode of Awakeners, Lena speaks with the novelists Tash Aw and Jemimah Wei, who connected when Jemimah signed up for Tash’s fiction master class on “time and place” in Singapore back in 2015.

    Growing up in Malaysia and Singapore, Tash and Jemimah remember having almost no models for what it might look like to be a writer. The publishing industry – and the literary world – seemed to be headquartered elsewhere. This is why it was so important to Tash to return to his region to teach: to show young writers there what was possible.

    After Jemimah had been writing for a while, Tash suggested Jemimah look into graduate school in creative writing, and later he connected her with his literary agent, who now represents them both. Ten years after the master class, their new books were released within weeks of one another, and Jemimah even traveled back to Singapore to help Tash launch his novel in the place where they met.

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    In the first half of the episode, we discuss why Jemimah stood out to Tash in class, how to make a writing life (especially coming from outside the U.S.), being “genre-agnostic,” revising book-length projects, and what to look for in a literary agent.

    In the second half of the episode, Jemimah and Tash share an excerpt from The Original Daughter and The South, and we zoom in on the very themes from Tash’s master class ten years ago: time and place. We focus especially on the factors that influence how we experience time – things like age and maturity level, as well as culture, labor, economics, and the pressure to produce or succeed – and also how we experience time as readers through craft elements like verb tense and perspective, or what Jemimah calls the narrator’s “narrative perch” with respect to past or present events.

     

    Subscribe and connect with us on our website: awakenerspodcast.com

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    Tash Aw is the author of five novels and a memoir of a Chinese-Malaysian family, Strangers on a Pier, finalist for the Los Angeles Book Prize. His work has won the Whitbread and Commonwealth Prizes, an O. Henry Award and twice been longlisted for the MAN Booker Prize. His novels have been translated into 23 languages. As an essayist and critic, he has contributed to the Paris Review, New York Review of Books, New York Times and the Guardian, among many other publications. He is currently a DAAD Artist-in-Berlin.

    Jemimah Wei is the author of The Original Daughter. Born and raised in Singapore, she is now based between Singapore and the United States. She was a Wallace Stegner Fellow at Stanford University and Felipe P. De Alba Fellow at Columbia University, where she earned her MFA. A recipient of awards and fellowships from Singapore’s National Arts Council, Hemmingway House, Sewanee Writers’ Conference, Bread Loaf Writers’ Conference, and Writers in Paradise, she was named one of Narrative’s “30 below 30” writers and is a Francine Ringold Award for New Writers honouree. Her fiction has won the William Van Dyke Short Story Prize and appears in Guernica, Narrative, Joyland, amongst others. For close to a decade, Jemimah was a host for various broadcast and digital channels, and has written and produced short films and travel guides for Laneige, Airbnb, and Nikon.

    More Jemimah: https://jemmawei.com/

    More Tash: https://www.instagram.com/tash.aw/?hl=en

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    Subscribe and connect with us on our website: awakenerspodcast.com.

     


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  • Nvidia GeForce graphics cards can now play with more VRAM, thanks to DLSS update

    Nvidia GeForce graphics cards can now play with more VRAM, thanks to DLSS update

    Nvidia has tweaked the latest version of DLSS so that it eats less of your graphics card memory than before, potentially giving your Nvidia GeForce graphics card a little more room to breathe. The change comes with the release of the new Nvidia 310.3.0 Software Development Kit (SDK), which the company says reduces the VRAM demands of DLSS when using upscaling and ray tracing.

    Even at lower resolutions, games with high-resolution textures and ray tracing can push VRAM usage beyond the capacities of many otherwise great GPUs, as we found in our Nvidia GeForce RTX 5060 review, with some games really pushing the limits of 8GB of memory. This is where the new Nvidia 310.3.0 SDK can lend a helping hand, reducing the VRAM usage of the new DLSS transformer model by 20%. This potentially frees up additional VRAM to give the GPU a little more headroom before performance falls off a cliff.

    In our tests, as demonstrated in our RTX 5090 review, we’ve found that the new transformer model of Nvidia DLSS Super Resolution has a massive impact on image quality and stability compared to the old CNN model. Game graphics look much sharper and less blurry, and there’s much less noise and ghosting around moving objects too.

    However, enabling the transformer model also results in a slight performance hit compared to the CNN model, and it also uses more VRAM, with Nvidia’s “ballpark” figures in the SDK documentation (as spotted by Videocardz) showing that a game running at 4K would need 387.21MB of VRAM for the DLSS transformer, compared to just 199.65MB for the older CNN model.

    There’s still a VRAM penalty to pay for the transformer model with the new SDK, but Nvidia says that footprint has now been reduced to 307.37MB, a drop of over 20% compared to using the older 310.2.0 SDK, and the drops at other resolutions are all in the same 20% area.

    That’s still a fair amount of memory to allocate just to upscaling, of course, especially when you free up over 100MB by using the CNN model at 4K instead, but it’s good to see the figures coming down. Hopefully, Nvidia is indeed planning a refresh of its Blackwell GPUs with more VRAM, as seen in the latest rumors about the RTX 5070 Super, as well as the RTX 5080 Super.

    If you’re thinking of upgrading your GPU, check out our guide to buying the best graphics card, where we run you through all our favorite options to suit a range of budgets.

    If you head on over to our vibrant community Discord server, you can chat about this story with members of the team and fellow readers. You can also follow us on Google News for daily PC games news, reviews, and guides.

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  • FCA highlights ‘delicate balance’ to ensure growth and market integrity

    FCA highlights ‘delicate balance’ to ensure growth and market integrity

    Anthony Harrison, financial services expert at Pinsent Masons, was commenting on a recent speech by FCA chief executive Nikhil Rathi. In his comments, Rathi emphasised the need for a financial ecosystem that is not only globally competitive but also rooted in trust, transparency, and innovation.

    “Mr Rathi’s speech highlights the very delicate balance needed to ensure competitiveness and growth while maintaining integrity and high standards across UK financial services,” said Harrison.

    The UK aspires to be the world’s most innovative full-service financial centres by 2035. Financial services contribute £214 billion gross value added (GVA) to the economy, with leading sectors such as banking, insurance, and fintech. However, there are a range of challenges faced by these sectors, including market interconnectedness amplifying shocks, diverging international standards, and increasing global competition.

    To tackle these challenges, the FCA has advocated for ‘outcomes-based’ regulation to better support growth, innovation and accountability. So far, reforms have set out to streamline processes for capital raising, such as listing reforms enabling transactions and the launch of the private shares trading venue PISCES. Further upcoming changes include reducing securitisation frictions, reforming prospectus requirements, and simplifying investment advice to encourage long-term investments.

    Rathi set out the FCA’s aim of fostering a more open approach with firms, grounded in trust and shared problem solving. For instance, initiatives like the FCA’s artificial intelligence (AI) lab allow firms to test innovations safely, with feedback shifting away from streamlining regulations to building confidence and scaling innovation responsibly. This approach aims to strike a balance between regulatory oversight and fostering industry competitiveness, according to the FCA chief.

    The FCA has also acknowledged past criticisms of being overly risk-averse, outlining steps to address them. Changes include the introduction of the consumer duty and proactive measures against financial crime. The FCA has also proposed shifts such as retiring the mortgage charter and considering differentiation in wholesale and retail market regulation, setting a goal of giving long-term confidence to firms and consumers while balancing risk and growth.

    Harrison said: “The FCA appears keen to challenge criticism that it has been too risk averse in the past by championing some bigger initiatives it has implemented in recent years, such as the consumer duty and various successful actions taken in the financial crime space. However, clearly there is more to be done with the government keen to see more growth and less burdensome regulation. Mr Rathi’s comments on retiring the mortgage charter and being open to clearer client classifications applicable to investment firms signal a desire on the regulator’s part to keep pushing forward that growth agenda.”

    Additionally, data prioritisation through new proportional data requirements was noted by Rathi as well as emphasis on the importance of market integrity. Rathi said that compromising standards for competitiveness is not an acceptable approach. Future opportunities were also highlighted by the FCA chief, including the UK’s potential to lead in areas such as tokenisation, appealing to younger, tech-savvy investors.

    Harrison said: “Leveraging data in a smart, efficient way will play a key part in ensuring the regulator’s growth objective. It is not a surprise that the ‘p’ word, ‘proportionate’, has been cited again by Mr Rathi, as it has been by other senior FCA figures in recent speeches. It speaks, again, to the balancing act that is needed but should not be taken to mean that the regulator will be easing off on data requests.”

    “Context is everything, and in certain areas, Mr Rathi has made it clear that visibility matters. With visibility come the need for the right data being produced at the right time to meet regulator requests as they come up, especially in periods of market volatility,” he said.

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  • Apple reportedly working on new MacBook that runs on iPhone chips – here’s what we know

    Apple reportedly working on new MacBook that runs on iPhone chips – here’s what we know

    Kyle Kucharski/ZDNET

    Imagine this: a MacBook running on iPhone hardware. It sounds like a far-fetched idea at first glance, but it could soon become a reality.

    Also: Every iPhone model that can be updated to iOS 26 (and which ones don’t support it)

    Notable Apple insider Ming-Chi Kuo took to X and wrote a short post claiming that Apple is working on a “more-affordable MacBook” that’ll run an A18 Pro chipset instead of an M-series processor like other recent MacBooks. The A18 Pro is the same type of hardware found in the iPhone 16 Pro.

    Early clues

    Hints of this device first appeared in July 2024 when MacRumors analyst Aaron Perris discovered various upcoming iPhone, Mac, and iPad models after scouring through macOS 15.1. Much of the unearthed information was not revealed at the time. However, MacRumors has suggested that one particular MacBook, Mac17,1, is the mystery new computer that runs on the A18 Pro.

    Details are scarce, but Kuo dropped some interesting tidbits. The A18 Pro-based MacBook will have a 13-inch display, like the MacBook Air, and be available in several colors, including silver, blue, pink, and yellow. The device is expected to enter mass production sometime in late 2025 to early 2026, where it’s “projected to account for five to seven million” MacBook units.

    Potential price

    A MacBook running on the A18 Pro chipset is an interesting concept, especially as the line between smartphones and laptops continues to blur. The iPhone 16 Pro is an inherently powerful machine. It’s lightning fast and capable of supporting a robust ecosystem of AI features. A computer with the Pro’s hardware could potentially work as a decent midrange laptop.

    The M4 MacBook Air is already fairly affordable at $849 on Amazon. At the time of writing, the price for the rumoured A18 Pro-based MacBook is unknown. However, imagine paying $600 or $700 for a MacBook — maybe less. It’s a cool idea, and it certainly has me excited. If we learn more about Apple’s apparent project, you’ll be the first to know.

    Also: Your Apple Watch can see your Google calendar now

    In addition to the laptop, Kuo claimed that Apple is also working on a pair of smart glasses set to release in 2027. This device will reportedly function similarly to Meta Ray-Bans, with no display functionality. However, he suggested the glasses will provide audio playback, record video, and support “AI environmental sensing,” “Multiple material options,” will be available for the “frames and temples.”

    Looking for the next best product? Get expert reviews and editor favorites with ZDNET Recommends.


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  • Frequency of pediatric HIV infection among high-risk children admitted to a tertiary care hospital at Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan | BMC Infectious Diseases

    Frequency of pediatric HIV infection among high-risk children admitted to a tertiary care hospital at Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan | BMC Infectious Diseases

    This study highlights a concerning prevalence of pediatric HIV among high-risk children admitted to a tertiary care hospital in Sukkur, Sindh. The HIV positivity rate of 9.6% observed in our study is significantly higher than national estimates, which suggest that approximately 2.2% of total HIV cases in Pakistan occur in children under 15 years of age [1]. A striking finding is that none of the HIV-positive children had parents who tested HIV-positive, strongly suggesting a non-vertical (horizontal) route of transmission. Globally, vertical transmission remains the predominant mode, accounting for over 90% of pediatric HIV infections according to UNAIDS and WHO [12]. In contrast, 50% of our cohort had a history of unsafe injection practices and 41.7% had received blood transfusions—indicating possible iatrogenic transmission. This pattern is consistent with the 2019 Larkana outbreak, where most HIV-positive children had HIV-negative mothers and shared histories of repeated injections with unsafe equipment [7, 13].

    The gender distribution in our sample showed a slight male predominance (58.3%), consistent with some international data, although no biological rationale is firmly established. This may reflect healthcare-seeking behavior or sampling variation due to the small sample size [12, 14,15,16]. Geographically, most HIV-positive children were from Sindh (75%)—notably Khairpur, Kashmor, Ghotki, and Sukkur—while the remaining 25% were from adjacent districts in Balochistan. These areas share common healthcare challenges: poor immunization coverage, inadequate infection control, and widespread use of informal healthcare services, all of which may contribute to the transmission. This distribution reinforces earlier reports that Sindh carries the highest burden of HIV/AIDS in Pakistan [6].

    Clinically, failure to thrive, weight loss, and chronic diarrhea were prominent features, aligning with classical pediatric HIV presentations. It is also concerning that only 33.3% of HIV-positive children were fully vaccinated, increasing their risk of preventable opportunistic infections [6,7,8,9,10,11].

    These findings highlight the urgent need for broader HIV screening criteria in pediatric populations, extending beyond children of HIV-positive mothers. The absence of vertical transmission and the strong association with unsafe medical practices call for immediate public health action, including improved infection control, stricter regulation of medical procedures, and safer transfusion protocols.

    Tuberculosis co-infection was found in 16.7% of cases—slightly lower than Pakistan’s national estimate of 23% [11]. None of the children tested positive for hepatitis B or C, which differs from findings in adult HIV cohorts. This points to a localized pattern of pediatric HIV transmission, primarily driven by unsafe healthcare practices rather than maternal transmission. Efforts were made to trace all HIV-positive children identified during the study. The corresponding author personally contacted caregivers using mobile numbers from hospital records. One patient had died, and two were successfully referred to the HIV Treatment Center in Larkana for antiretroviral therapy. The remaining families, however, did not follow through with care due to transportation barriers, financial constraints, and stigma. In response, hospital administration has been notified of the HIV burden, and protocols for screening high-risk admissions have been formalized. A formal request has also been submitted to the Sindh AIDS Control Program to establish a dedicated HIV treatment unit in Sukkur, aiming to reduce reliance on referral centers in distant districts.

    These findings call for immediate, multi-level interventions. Routine HIV screening should be expanded to include all high-risk pediatric admissions. Infection prevention practices must be reinforced across healthcare facilities. Public education campaigns should target early testing and reduction of stigma. Immunization efforts must be scaled up for vulnerable children. Finally, it is essential to address broader social determinants—poverty, health literacy, and care accessibility—to reduce the pediatric HIV burden in this region.

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  • Israel's Netanyahu expects to meet Trump next week in the US – Reuters

    1. Israel’s Netanyahu expects to meet Trump next week in the US  Reuters
    2. Netanyahu set to visit White House July 7 as US pushes for end to Gaza war  The Times of Israel
    3. Hamas accuses Israeli PM of thwarting truce talks  Dawn
    4. Trump calls for a Gaza ceasefire deal as some Palestinians are skeptical  AP News
    5. Updates: Israel, Gaza ceasefire possible ‘within next week’, Trump claims  Al Jazeera

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  • Risk factors and intervention strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder following spinal cord injury: a retrospective multivariate analysis of 195 cases | BMC Psychology

    Risk factors and intervention strategies for post-traumatic stress disorder following spinal cord injury: a retrospective multivariate analysis of 195 cases | BMC Psychology

    Subjects

    Study population

    This study is a retrospective cohort analysis conducted at a single center, utilizing data from 195 consecutive cases of spinal cord injury (SCI) admitted to Huzhou First People’s Hospital in Huzhou City, Zhejiang Province, China, during the period from January 2023 to December 2024.

    Inclusion criteria

    This study was approved by the hospital ethics committee (approval number: 2022GZB05). All cases that satisfied the inclusion criteria throughout the study period were incorporated through a method of consecutive sampling. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (1)The evaluation of spinal cord injury severity is exclusively grounded in the International Standards for Neurological Classification of Spinal Cord Injury (ISNCSCI), which were updated by the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) in 2019.(2) Age > 18 years; (3) Completed assessment of the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS), which has good reliability (Cronbach’s α = 0.92, split-half reliability = 0.95, and retest reliability = 0.87) [11, 12]; (4) No history of psychiatric disorders and no communication barriers; (5) Clinical data were complete (including: ASIA ISNCSCI assessment within 24 h of admission; MRI/CT of the spine (injury segments/grading); weekly dynamic records of MBI and ASIA grading during the hospitalization period; and PTSD-SS assessment 72 h before discharge).

    Exclusion criteria

    Patients meeting any of the following criteria were excluded: (1) History of SCI or related surgical procedures; (2) Coagulation disorders or infectious diseases; (3) Major life events within the past six months (e.g., bereavement, divorce, or natural disasters); (4) Psychiatric disorders, mental illness or relevant medical history; (5)Severe cardiovascular or cerebrovascular diseases, malignancies, or other serious conditions; (6) Neurological diseases unrelated to SCI, such as stroke, Parkinson’s disease, or Guillain-Barré syndrome; (7) Critically ill patients or those with excessive emotional distress preventing PTSD assessment.

    Data collection

    General patient information was collected, including age, sex, marital status, personal income level, and educational background. Clinical data included injury-related factors (cause of injury, severity of spinal cord injury, and estimated rehabilitation outcome) and complications (number of complications, pulmonary and urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and psychological disorders). The degree of spinal cord nerve injury is consistent with the American Spinal Cord Injury Association (ASIA) classification of injury. The PTSD Self-Rating Scale (PTSD-SS) consists of 24 items assessing five dimensions: subjective evaluation of the traumatic event, recurrent intrusive experiences, avoidance symptoms, heightened arousal, and impaired social functioning. Scores range from 24 to 120, with a total score of ≥ 50 indicating PTSD. Scores between 50 and 59 suggest mild PTSD, while scores of ≥ 60 indicate moderate to severe PTSD. PTSD incidence was analyzed, and patients were categorized into PTSD and non-PTSD groups accordingly.

    Observational indicators

    Differences in demographic characteristics, including age, sex, marital status, personal income level, and educational background, were analyzed between the PTSD and non-PTSD groups. Clinical factors, such as cause of injury, severity of spinal cord injury, expected rehabilitation outcomes, and complications, including the number of complications, pulmonary and urinary tract infections, pressure ulcers, deep vein thrombosis, autonomic nervous system dysfunction, and psychological disorders, were also compared. Factors showing significant differences were further analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

    Statistical analysis

    Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 26.0 (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp). Categorical variables, including demographic characteristics, injury-related factors, and complications, were expressed as percentages (%). The chi-square test was used to identify factors with statistically significant differences, which were subsequently analyzed using multivariate logistic regression.

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  • Pakistan, India share lists of prisoners in biannual exchange

    Pakistan, India share lists of prisoners in biannual exchange

    Representational image shows prisoners sitting inside a dark lockup. — AFP/File
    • Pakistan seeks access to detainees with physical, mental conditions.
    • India urged to provide consular access to Pakistani prisoners.
    • FO reaffirms humanitarian focus, seeks safe return of prisoners.

    ISLAMABAD: Pakistan and India on Monday exchanged lists of prisoners held in each other’s custody, in line with the 2008 Agreement on Consular Access, which mandates the exchange of such information twice annually — on January 1 and July 1.

    The Ministry of Foreign Affairs said Pakistan handed over a list of 246 Indian or believed-to-be-Indian prisoners, including 53 civilians and 193 fishermen, to a representative of the Indian High Commission in Islamabad.

    In parallel, India provided a list of 463 Pakistani or believed-to-be-Pakistani prisoners — comprising 382 civilians and 81 fishermen — to a diplomat from Pakistan’s High Commission in New Delhi.

    Pakistan has called for the immediate release and repatriation of all Pakistani nationals who have completed their sentences and whose nationality has been verified. 

    Islamabad also requested special consular access for all believed-to-be-Pakistani prisoners, including those with physical or mental health conditions, to expedite the confirmation of their national status.

    In its communication, Pakistan further urged India to grant consular access to all prisoners still awaiting it, and to ensure the safety, security, and welfare of all Pakistani detainees in Indian custody.

    The Foreign Office reiterated Pakistan’s commitment to prioritising humanitarian matters and affirmed its continued efforts to secure the early return of all Pakistani prisoners held in Indian jails.


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  • Insight: Rare earth magnet users jolted into paying premium prices for ex-China supply – Reuters

    1. Insight: Rare earth magnet users jolted into paying premium prices for ex-China supply  Reuters
    2. China’s tighter export controls squeeze wider range of rare earths  Financial Times
    3. Ford CEO calls for skilled trades investments as China export rules cause plant shutdowns  The Daily Gazette
    4. The concept of rare earth permanent magnets strengthens, Ningbo Yunsheng hits the daily limit, and several companies release news related to obtaining export licenses [SMM News Flash] | SMM  Shanghai Metals Market
    5. Rare Earth, High Stakes: Navigating U.S.-China Trade Tensions in Tech and Materials  AInvest

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  • A genetic trick leaves these stinky plants reeking of rotting flesh

    A genetic trick leaves these stinky plants reeking of rotting flesh

    amino acids: Simple molecules that occur naturally in plant and animal tissues and that are the basic building blocks of proteins.

    bacteria: (singular: bacterium) Single-celled organisms. These dwell nearly everywhere on Earth, from the bottom of the sea to inside other living organisms (such as plants and animals). Bacteria are one of the three domains of life on Earth.

    chemical: A substance formed from two or more atoms that unite (bond) in a fixed proportion and structure. For example, water is a chemical made when two hydrogen atoms bond to one oxygen atom. Its chemical formula is H2O. Chemical also can be an adjective to describe properties of materials that are the result of various reactions between different compounds.

    corpse: The body of a dead human. Also sometimes used to describe the remains of some inanimate object (such as a star).

    dimethyl disulfide: A pair of methanethiol molecules that have been linked together. The result is a very stinky chemical, which smells like rotting meat. It’s toxic to many organisms. That’s led to dimethyl disulfide being developed as a soil fumigant that farmers can use to kill weeds, parasitic nematodes (tiny roundworms) and plant pathogens that live in soil.

    DNA: (short for deoxyribonucleic acid) A long, double-stranded and spiral-shaped molecule inside most living cells that carries genetic instructions. It is built on a backbone of phosphorus, oxygen, and carbon atoms. In all living things, from plants and animals to microbes, these instructions tell cells which molecules to make.

    dung: The feces of animals, also known as manure.

    duplication: The process of copying something.

    evolution: (v. to evolve) A process by which species undergo changes over time, usually through genetic variation and natural selection. These changes usually result in a new type of organism better suited for its environment than the earlier type. The newer type is not necessarily more “advanced,” just better adapted to the particular conditions in which it developed. Or the term can refer to changes that occur as some natural progression within the non-living world (such as computer chips evolving to smaller devices which operate at an ever-faster speed).

    gene: (adj. genetic) A segment of DNA that codes, or holds instructions, for a cell’s production of a protein. Offspring inherit genes from their parents. Genes influence how an organism looks and behaves.

    halitosis: This is the medical term for bad breath. It’s not a disease but a symptom of some stinky chemistry occurring in the mouth. It may trace to diet (such as smelly foods, such as garlic) or the stinky emissions of bacteria responsible for a range of conditions, but especially for diseased gums or teeth.

    molecule: An electrically neutral group of atoms that represents the smallest possible amount of a chemical compound. Molecules can be made of single types of atoms or of different types. For example, the oxygen in the air is made of two oxygen atoms (O2), but water is made of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom (H2O).

    oral: An adjective that refers to things in or affecting the mouth.

    organism: Any living thing, from elephants and plants to bacteria and other types of single-celled life.

    pollinate: To transport male reproductive cells — pollen — to female parts of a flower. This allows fertilization, the first step in plant reproduction.

    shrub: A perennial plant that grows in a generally low, bushy form.

    species: A group of similar organisms capable of producing offspring that can survive and reproduce.

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