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  • Starwatch: use the moon to find Saturn before its pirouette in the sky | Saturn

    Starwatch: use the moon to find Saturn before its pirouette in the sky | Saturn

    The moon will help us track down Saturn, the sixth planet in the solar system, this week. Currently residing in the constellation of Pisces, the fishes, Saturn is gradually building in brightness as the Earth’s orbit is carrying the two planets closer together. This year, the closest approach between them will occur on 21 September.

    In the meantime, the moon can be useful as your guide to locate Saturn and then watch it over the coming months as the planet performs a lazy pirouette in the sky, known as retrograde motion. This is an optical illusion caused by our changing line of sight to the planet as Earth overtakes it on the inside.

    The chart shows the view looking east from London on 16 July at midnight BST, soon after the moon and Saturn have risen.

    The moon will be almost 20 days old and in its waning gibbous phase, rising later each night. Just over 72% of the moon’s visible surface will be illuminated on this night, and it will be 373,842km away from Earth. Saturn, on the other hand, will be 1,368m km away.

    The conjunction will be easily visible from the southern hemisphere.

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  • The Garmin chartplotter + 7 other options

    The Garmin chartplotter + 7 other options

    Your buying guide for electronic navigation, featuring the Garmin chartplotter and models from Raymarine, B and G, Simrad, and more

    Ali Wood weighs in on the Garmin chartplotter and other electronic navigation options from Furuno, Raymarine, B&G, Lowrance, Simrad, and Orca.

    Furuno

    Furuno NAVNet TZtouch3 plotter. Photo: Foruno.

    Furuno’s NAVNet TZtouch 3 range is available in 10in and 13in screens. An ‘XL’ version is available in 16, 22 and 24in all-glass MFDs. ‘Hybrid control’ means you can edge-swipe and tap for the menu, or use buttons in rough sea conditions.

    The TZ Cloud app means you can plan routes at home, which are then automatically saved to the MFD, or you can buy and update charts directly from the MFD as long as you have internet access.

    The TZtouch 3 comes with a built-in fish finder with side scan. It can be linked with autopilots, AIS, GPS, sat compasses, and transducers for depth speed and temperature, and you can monitor engine data and other custom instrument data.

    Raymarine

    Raymarine AxiomXL and the AR200 augmented reality marine camera. Photo: Raymarine.

    The Element S is Raymarine’s entry-level model, and the Element HV is the HyperVision sonar version of this. You then progress up to the Axiom+ with Lighthouse 4 software, giving you greater connectivity to use the display as a chartplotter, sonar, radar, autopilot, engine integration and more; the Axiom+ also has higher processing power, and touchscreen usage.

    Next up the ladder, the Axiom 2 Pro brings HybridTouch technology to the interface, which is a benefit on rough passages and on outdoor spray-covered areas. This product is most popular with the sailing market, and also features advanced sailing integration such as polars and dynamic laylines, race timers etc.

    At the top of the range is the Axiom 2 XL, which is the most powerful processing unit with superior networking. Raymarine’s Lighthouse software can be integrated with everything from lighting to Netflix and Spotify, so you can control your yacht’s electronic eco-system from the display.

    B&G

    B&G Zeus is popular with both cruising and racing sailors. Photo: B&G.

    B&G caters specifically for sailors and its entry-level Vulcan MFDs (7in and 9in) are easy-to-use multi-touch displays, and have dedicated sailing features for cruising or racing known as SailSteer, SailingTime, RacePanel and Laylines. It can be linked with radar, sonar and other instrument displays as well as the autopilot.

    As you go up the range, the new Zeus SR, suitable for cruising and racing, is available in 10, 12 and 16in screens, and has an 8-core processor.

    Lowrance

    Lowrance Eagle 5 is great for fishermen. Photo: Lowrance.

    The Eagle 5 isn’t a full MFD but comes preloaded with a worldwide base map; you’ll need to buy local cartography from C-Map or Navionics.

    The small display and low power draw (280mA at 12 V DC with full backlight) make it an option for smaller boats and kayaks. FishReveal on DownScan, means anglers can identify fish separately from weeds and structures, while TripleShot provides side and underwater views of the seabed.

    You don’t get the option to connect it to other electronics for wind and tidal overlays, radar, AIS, etc. For this, you’re looking at the Lowrance HDS Multifunction Display range in 9, 10, 12 and 16in displays.

    Garmin chartplotter

    garmin chartplotter

    Garmin ActiveCaptain app on a smartphone. Photo: Garmin.

    If you just want a marine handheld GPS with charts, Garmin chartplotter model GPSMAP 79s ticks the box. This uses AA batteries and has 19 hours battery life when using just GPS. It’s rugged, water- and shock-resistant and works with Garmin’s BlueChart charts.

    For MFDs, Garmin has options in 7, 9, 12 and 16in screen sizes. The touchscreen GPSMAP 723 has built-in tide tables and is compatible with several different charts. As with other MFDs, it will support AIS, DSC, sonar as well as sailing features such as laylines and start-line guidance.

    Using built-in wifi the MFD can be paired with your phone or tablet via the ActiveCaptain app, which allows you to remotely plan your trips on Navionics and mark waypoints, then automatically see them on your chartplotter.

    Simrad

    Simrad Cruise 5in display. Photo: Simrad.

    Simrad’s button-controlled Cruise range of chartplotters is designed to be simple and intuitive. Available in 5, 7 or 9in display, it’s a chartplotter first and a depth finder second. For course plotting, select full-screen charts, or for a clear view of the bottom, select sonar. Or use the split-screen option for both. This is a standalone unit (not an MFD) that can be mounted inside or outside the boat, and comes with a small transducer.

    Simrad also offers a range of MFDs, ranging in screen size, starting with the Simrad GO7 XSR which has sonar, wireless connectivity to smartphones and tablets, giving access to charts, radar and other functionality anywhere on board.

    Orca

    Orca’s ruggedised tablet, the Display 2, is aimed at boaters who prefer tablets to bespoke plotters. The Display 2 is a waterproof Samsung tablet that runs the Orca app. It pulls in instrument data from the Orca Core, a GPS wifi repeater for instrument data such as wind, depth and log, and plugs into the NMEA backbone.

    The Display 2 runs any app from Google Play, so you can toggle with tide and wind, though it requires its own SIM card to work to full effect. You can download charts for offline use. AIS overlay is a core feature, as is radar and it integrates with most autohelms.

    Comparing the Garmin chartplotter and other models

    Chartplotter jargon buster

    • ActiveCaptain (Garmin): an app that talks to your MFD from your mobile device, featuring OneChart (to buy and update charts), GarminHelm (for plotting routes) and Quickdraw Contours (to create maps with contours and depth labels)
    • Basemap: scant detail, broad outline of a geographic region. Not for navigation
    • Broadband radar: uses continuous transmission of microwaves, unlike traditional pulse radar, for close-range target detection
    • DownScan (Lowrance): photo-like images of rocks, trees, bottom composition and other underwater structures directly beneath the boat
    • FishReveal (Lowrance): boosts solid sonar returns while minimising weaker ones, resulting in clearly separated large fish targets from smaller baitfish and bait schools
    • Forward scan sonar: forward-looking sonar gives a representation of the seabed ahead of the boat, identifying fish, potential hazards like shoals, reefs, or other obstacles
    • Hybrid touch: an MFD that combines a touchscreen and physical keypad/ knob controls
    • Laylines: a feature that calculates the optimal tacking or gybing angles to reach a windward or downwind mark
    • Polars (Raymarine): also known as polar diagrams, these describe how fast a yacht goes at different wind speeds and angles. Modern yachts have a polar diagram or VPP (velocity prediction program) computed from hull shape, weight, rigging and sail setup
    • RacePanel (B&G): aimed at racing sailors, this includes a visual of the start line on the chart, a timer, and tactical information for different legs based on wind and tide changes
    • SailingTime (B&G): time to waypoint using layline data, rather than straight-line waypoint-to-waypoint route
    • SailSteer (B&G): displays sailing data such as headline, wind, laylines and tide on a single screen
    • Side scan sonar: images of the sea floor to the side of the vessel
    • TripleShot (Lowrance): underwater views to the side and below the boat, all in one transducer
    • TruEcho CHIRP (Furuno): fishfinder technology that uses a broadband transducer to transmit a wide range of frequencies.

    A person using a chartplotter on a boat

    Whether you’re new to boating or looking to enhance your navigation with a phone, tablet or MFD, Ali Wood runs…

    A DIY chartpotter installed on a boat

    John Calton builds his own 10in touchscreen DIY chartplotter with GPS and AIS for a fraction of the cost of…

    best-chartplotters-raymarine-axiom-12

    One of the best ways to choose new marine electronics is to get your hands on kit from a range…

    A few years ago I felt there was a risk that marine electronics manufacturers would find it impossible to compete…


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  • Nvidia’s Jensen Huang downplays U.S.’ China concerns ahead of trip

    Nvidia’s Jensen Huang downplays U.S.’ China concerns ahead of trip

    Nvidia CEO Jensen Huang has downplayed U.S. fears that his firm’s chips will aid the Chinese military, days ahead of another trip to the country as he attempts to walk a tightrope between Washington and Beijing. 

    In an interview with CNN aired Sunday, Huang said “we don’t have to worry about” China’s military using U.S.-made technology because “they simply can’t rely on it.”

    “It could be limited at any time; not to mention, there’s plenty of computing capacity in China already,” Huang said. “They don’t need Nvidia’s chips, certainly, or American tech stacks in order to build their military,” he added.

    The comments were made in reference to years of bipartisan U.S. policy that placed restrictions on semiconductor companies, prohibiting them from selling their most advanced artificial intelligence chips to clients in China. 

    Huang also repeated past criticisms of the policies, arguing that the tactic of export controls has been counterproductive to the ultimate goal of U.S. tech leadership. 

    “We want the American tech stack to be the global standard … in order for us to do that, we have to be in search of all the AI developers in the world,” Huang said, adding that half of the world’s AI developers are in China. 

    That means for America to be an AI leader, U.S. technology has to be available to all markets, including China, he added.

    Washington’s latest restrictions on Nvidia’s sales to China were implemented in April and are expected to result in billions in losses for the company. In May, Huang said chip restrictions had already cut Nvidia’s China market share nearly in half.

    Huang’s CNN interview came just days before he travels to China for his second trip to the country this year, and as Nvidia is reportedly working on another chip that is compliant with the latest export controls.

    Last week, the Nvidia CEO met with U.S. President Donald Trump, and was warned by U.S. lawmakers not to meet with companies connected to China’s military or intelligence bodies, or entities named on America’s restricted export list.

    According to Daniel Newman, CEO of tech advisory firm The Futurum Group, Huang’s CNN interview exemplifies how Huang has been threading a needle between Washington and Beijing as it tries to maintain maximum market access.

    “He needs to walk a proverbial tightrope to make sure that he doesn’t rattle the Trump administration,” Newman said, adding that he also wants to be in a position for China to invest in Nvidia technology if and when the policy provides a better climate to do so.

    But that’s not to say that his downplaying of Washington’s concerns is valid, according to Newman. “I think it’s hard to completely accept the idea that China couldn’t use Nvidia’s most advanced technologies for military use.”

    He added that he would expect Nvidia’s technology to be at the core of any country’s AI training, including for use in the development of advanced weaponry. 

    A U.S. official told Reuters last month that China’s large language model startup DeepSeek — which says it used Nvidia chips to train its models — was supporting China’s military and intelligence operations. 

    On Sunday, Huang acknowledged there were concerns about DeepSeek’s open-source R1 reasoning model being trained in China but said that there was no evidence that it presents dangers for that reason alone.

    Huang complimented the R1 reasoning model, calling it “revolutionary,” and said its open-source nature has empowered startup companies, new industries, and countries to be able to engage in AI. 

    “The fact of the matter is, [China and the U.S.] are competitors, but we are highly interdependent, and to the extent that we can compete and both aspire to win, it is fine to respect our competitors,” he concluded. 

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  • Tabernacle Choir’s 5,000th episode of ‘Music & the Spoken Word’ – Church News

    Tabernacle Choir’s 5,000th episode of ‘Music & the Spoken Word’ – Church News

    The opening song of “The Morning Breaks” during the “Music & the Spoken Word” on Sunday, July 13, was one of the songs in the first broadcast 96 years ago.

    During the final song of the 5,000th broadcast Sunday — “High on a Mountain Top” — music director Mack Wilberg used the baton director Anthony J. Lund used in that first broadcast on July 15, 1929.

    The Tabernacle Choir, Orchestra and Bells at Temple Square celebrated the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” — the longest continuously running network broadcast in history — on Sunday, July 13, 2025, in the Conference Center in downtown Salt Lake City with a tribute to the history of the program and those who have participated in and have been impacted by the show.

    “‘Music & the Spoken Word’ continues each week as a beacon,” said choir President Michael O. Leavitt during the pre-show. “A beacon of peace, a beacon of light to the world.”

    The milestone events included a pre-show, the regular 30-minute “Music & the Spoken Word” broadcast followed by an encore musical celebration. The pre-show and the encore celebration were presented to the more than 11,500 people gathered in the Conference Center. The post-broadcast encore celebration concluded with many former choir and orchestra members in the audience coming onstage to sing the final two songs.

    Attendees includes two members of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints — Elder David A. Bednar and his wife, Sister Susan Bednar; and Elder Gerrit W. Gong and his wife, Sister Susan Gong — along with other Church officers and religious, community, business and political leaders.

    Elder David A. Bednar of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints greets Rabbi Jarrod R. Grover, Senior Rabbi of Beth Tikvah Synagogue in Toronto, ahead of the 5000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” live at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

    The choir was also recognized by the National Association of Broadcasters with a commemorative proclamation and crystal, presented by Perry Sook, chairman of the association’s joint board of directors and the CEO of Nexstar media.

    “‘Music & the Spoken Word’ is not just the world’s longest running continuous network broadcast,” Sook said. “It’s one of the most meaningful across generations and across the globe.”

    He added: “And today’s 5,000th broadcast recording represents more than longevity; it represents unwavering excellence, a commitment to public service, the enduring power of faith and music and the ability of faith and music to unite us.”

    Derrick Porter, “Music & the Spoken Word” executive producer and host, greets National Association of Broadcasters Joint Board Chair Perry Sook during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    For the first episode — done on a Monday afternoon — a single microphone for the choir and announcer was attached to the ceiling, with a long cable connecting it to KSL’s radio controller, located a city block away. Nineteen-year-old Ted Kimball, son of organist Edward P. Kimball, climbed a 15-foot-tall stepladder and announced each song that was sung by the choir.

    Sunday’s “Music & the Spoken Word” broadcast from the Conference Center was broadcast on the radio and television and streamed online. The show is seen or heard by about 6 million people in 50 countries around the world.

    “Music & the Spoken Word” is broadcast on more than 2,000 stations, available on the Tabernacle Choir’s YouTube channel and on a variety of social media outlets, with captions available in English, Spanish, French and Portuguese. The Spanish version — with Spanish-speaking narrators and other features — is on the El Coro del Tabernáculo YouTube channel and also broadcast by Telemundo Utah.

    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    ‘Music & the Spoken Word’ pre-show

    During the preshow, Derrick Porter, who is executive producer, principal writer and presenter of “Music & the Spoken Word,” recognized several people who had contributed to the “Music & the Spoken Word.”

    One of those was Lela Christiansen, 98, the oldest known living choir alumni, who sang with the choir from 1964 to 1987.

    Others Porter introduced included:

    • Elizabeth Ashton, violinist with the Orchestra at Temple Square, who joined when it was created in 1999. Since then, she and her husband, Brigham Ashton, have welcomed 10 children to their family.
    • Charles and Florence Rose met in 1900 when they sang together in the choir, became engaged and got married. Now, their great-great-grandson Nathan Givens and his wife, Deborah Givens, sing in the choir.
    • Kyle Woodruff, who joined the choir in 2023, is “here each week, contributing and sharing his talents with the world and doing it all while being totally blind,” Porter said.
    • Choir member Sarah Clayton represents six consecutive, uninterrupted generations of choir members in her family. Her third-great grandmother, Sarah, was part of the choir in 1883.
    Derrick Porter, “Music & the Spoken Word” executive producer, principal writer and presenter, introduces Jane Hillier Clark during the pre-show of the 5,000th broadcast of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    • The families of Jane Hillier Clark and Elliott Clark bring together more than 130 years of combined service between them and across both sides of their families as 40 family members have performed with the choir and orchestra, including their niece who sings first soprano. Jane Hillier Clark, who plays violin in the orchestra, was using a violin Sunday that was made by her great-grandfather 112 years ago.
    Richard L. Evans speaks into a microphone as he reads a script for "Spoken Word."
    In this historical photo, Richard L. Evans, who was the “Music & the Spoken Word” program announcer from 1930 until his death in 1971, reads a script for “Spoken Word” portion of the program in the Salt Lake Tabernacle. Tabernacle Choir program “Music & the Spoken Word” was inducted into National Radio Hall of Fame on Nov. 6, 2010, at induction ceremony in Chicago, Illinois. | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
    • More than 150 family members of presenter Richard L. Evans, the first presenter of “Music & the Spoken Word” were asked to stand and be recognized. Later in the celebration, past presenter J. Spencer Kinard and his family and the family of Lloyd D. Newell were recognized. Newell is serving as a mission leader for the Church in Los Angeles, California.
    The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sings during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    5,000th broadcast

    After singing “The Morning Breaks,” the choir and orchestra performed “When in Our Music, God is Glorified,” directed by Wilberg. Organist Richard Elliott performed an improvisation on “Hymn to Joy,” based on “Ode to Joy,” and the choir and orchestra performed the thoughtful “Pilgrim Song,” directed by associate music director Ryan Murphy.

    Mack Wilberg, music director of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square, conducts with the baton used during the first broadcast of “Music & the Spoken Word” during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    Earlier this year, Porter invited people to send in their stories of experiences with “Music & the Spoken Word” and received more than 1,200 responses. One of those was about Caden Simpson, who was diagnosed with cancer at age 6 and how the choir’s “Consider the Lilies” helped comfort him.

    Derrick Porter, executive producer, principal writer and presenter of “Music & the Spoken Word,” hosts the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025.
    Derrick Porter, executive producer, principal writer and presenter of “Music & the Spoken Word,” hosts the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

    Porter said: “The story we share today is emblematic of hundreds of other stories we’ve received and together, these experiences combine to witness that God really is in the details of our lives.”

    Former choir music director Craig Jessop, who served from 1999 to 2008, led “Consider the Lilies.” Wilberg used Lund’s baton as he directed the boisterous “High on a Mountain Top” to conclude the broadcast. The Bells at Temple Square joined in on “High on a Mountain Top.”

    Craig Jessop, former director of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square, leads the choir and orchestra as part of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Sunday, July 13, 2025.
    Craig Jessop, former director of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square, leads the choir and orchestra as part of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center for The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

    Celebrating 5,000 episodes

    The post-broadcast encore celebration included music, a video tribute, recognition by the National Association of Broadcasters Joint Board and more of the stories. It opened with “O Come Ye Nations of the Earth,” directed by Wilberg.

    Porter presented a video tribute that included the voices of previous presenters — Evans (from 1930 to 1971), Kinard (1972-1990) and Newell (1990-2024); music and video from past “Music & the Spoken Word” broadcasts and several of the experiences of those who were impacted by the weekly show, including those from Brazil, Ivory Coast and across the United States.

    Warna Huff, from her home in California on April 30, 2025, remembers listening to the first episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” on July 15, 1929.
    Warna Huff, from her home in California on April 30, 2025, remembers listening to the first episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” on July 15, 1929. | The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints

    One of those was Warna Huff, 101, who recalled listening to the first broadcast when she was 5 years old. “What is this?” she asked. Her aunt told her: “This is something you don’t want to forget.”

    Porter said that one of the hymns that came up frequently in those responses was “It Is Well With My Soul” — with text written by Horatio Spafford after the death of his daughters on a trans-Atlantic voyage — and the choir and orchestra performed it.

    Prior to presenting the recognition to the choir leaders, Sook said that being part of the episode was a “full-circle moment” for him. In the mid- to late 1970s, he worked for a local radio station to pay for college. He was assigned the 6 a.m. to noon shift on Sundays.

    National Association of Broadcasters Joint Board Chair Perry Sook addresses attendees as he recognizes “Music & the Spoken Word” for the broadcast of its 5,000th episode at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    “At the appointed hour, I would string up the reel-to-reel tape on the station’s ancient player, and soon thereafter, the dulcet tones of Spencer Kinard would fill the airwaves of southeastern Ohio,” Sook said, noting that the station still airs the program.

    For the last two songs —”Battle Hymn of the Republic” and “God Be With You Till We Meet Again” — Porter invited the former choir, orchestra and bells members to come up on the stage to join the 360-voice choir and orchestra. There were so many choir members that they stood in front of the stage.

    Former members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing “The Battle Hymn of the Republic” during the broadcast of the 5000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    “It was very moving to sing with former members of the choir to reflect on the legacy of this organization and the people who came before us,” said soprano Julia Darley.

    Tera Nelson, an alto, said it was “unforgettable” to sing in the milestone broadcast and that she was emotional throughout the broadcast and celebration.

    “It felt different today. The energy and the emotion of the congregation was palpable. It was so moving. I had tears streaming down my face, pretty much from start to finish,” she said, adding that it was “wonderful” to sing with “friends that I love and miss.”

    Former members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square embrace after singing “The Battle Hymn of the Republic” during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

    Todd Russell, who sang tenor with the choir for seven years, said it was “an amazing experience” to be there not only for the 5,000th episode milestone, but to sing with former and current choir members.

    “I saw what connects us all in certain pieces of music that I saw every former member of the choir sing. ‘The Battle Hymn’ and ‘God Be With You’ are definitely special to all of us,” he said.

    “I’m excited to see what comes next,” Russell said, looking ahead to the 100th anniversary of “Music & the Spoken Word” in a few years.

    Porter concluded the celebration: “On this milestone 5,000th episode, we lift our voices collectively in heartfelt gratitude, thanking God for His constant presence and for the blessings He pours out upon the world and for the assurance that He is always with us. And so, in the words of Richard L. Evans, we leave you from within the shadow of the everlasting hills, may peace be with you, this day and always. And may God be with you until we meet again.”

    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Organist Richard Elliott performs with The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Conductor Ryan Murphy directs The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Derrick Porter, “Music & the Spoken Word” executive producer, principal writer and presenter, speaks during the broadcast of the 5000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square president Michael O. Leavitt, speaks during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News
    Members of The Tabernacle Choir at Temple Square prepare to sing during the broadcast of the 5,000th episode of “Music & the Spoken Word” at the Conference Center in Salt Lake City on Sunday, July 13, 2025. | Rio Giancarlo, Deseret News

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  • Mysterious Blobs Deep Inside Earth May Fuel Deadly Volcanic Eruptions : ScienceAlert

    Mysterious Blobs Deep Inside Earth May Fuel Deadly Volcanic Eruptions : ScienceAlert

    Volcanic eruptions can destroy essential infrastructure, ground air traffic for days, wipe out entire cities, disrupt the climate for years, and even wipe out life on Earth, so it’s important to know what causes them to blow.

    New research has revealed that specific features deep within Earth can be linked directly to such cataclysmic eruptions.

    Thousands of kilometers below Earth’s surface, there is a solid layer of hot rock called the lower mantle. Textbook diagrams would have you believe this is a smooth layer, but the lower mantle actually contains a mountainous topography, with two continent-sized structures, possibly made of different materials than their surrounds.

    Related: Strange Blobs Found Deep Inside Earth Where No Such Blobs Should Exist

    These hidden structures feature craggy ranges that shift and buckle much like the tectonic plates far above them.

    Schematic of spatial relationships between basal mantle structures and volcanic eruptions with assumed mantle plumes as in previous work (left) and with explicit mantle plumes as in this study (right). The schematic is not drawn to scale. (Cucchiaro et al., Communications Earth & Environment, 2025)

    Volcanologist Annalise Cucchiaro from the University of Wollongong in Australia and her colleagues have found these big lower-mantle basal structures – termed ‘BLOBS’ by the research team – have a direct influence on volcanic activity at Earth’s surface.

    When scorching columns of rock, known as deep mantle plumes, first rise from depths of nearly 3,000 kilometers (almost 2,000 miles), we get the kinds of Earth-shattering volcanoes that wiped out most of life on Earth, and had a hand in the extinction of the dinosaurs.

    The BLOBS seemed a likely source of these subterranean plumes, and Cucchiaro’s team has now confirmed this connection using three different datasets that provide extensive detail on large volcanic eruptions that happened around 300 million years ago.

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    “This work highlights the importance of mantle plumes in acting as ‘magma highways’ to the surface, creating these giant eruptions,” Cucchiaro says.

    “It also shows that these plumes move along with their source, the BLOBS.”

    There are two BLOBS within the lower mantle. One is below the African hemisphere, and the other, under the Pacific.

    two images of a 3d earth that is transparent so lower mantle features are visible, including blobs and plumes in red and yellow.
    3D snapshots of modeled plumes and BLOBS 60 million years ago under the African (a) and Pacific (b) hemispheres. (Cucchiaro et al., Communications Earth & Environment, 2025)

    We still don’t know if the BLOBS are ever fixed in place, or if they’re always moving around via convection, but the new research suggests it’s a dynamic system with direct repercussions for us surface dwellers.

    By simulating the movements of BLOBS 1 billion years ago, the team showed that they produced mantle plumes that were sometimes slightly tilted as they rose. This meant eruptions occurred either directly above the BLOBS, or close to it – and these locations matched that of known eruptions.

    We used statistics to show that the locations of past giant volcanic eruptions are significantly related to the mantle plumes predicted by our models,” Cucchiaro and her colleague, geoscientist Nicholas Flament, explained in The Conversation.

    “This is encouraging, as it suggests that the simulations predict mantle plumes in places and at times generally consistent with the geologic record.”

    As much as they destroy, large eruptions also have the power to create, and knowing where they may occur – either historically or in the future – could also help us to find magmatic treasures like kimberlite and diamonds, and minerals that could be used in harnessing renewable energy.

    “This research cracks open one of the questions that has long plagued scientists – are the BLOBS stationary or mobile and how do they relate to giant volcanic explosions – so it is a thrill to finally [be able] to unravel these mysteries,” says Flament.

    This research was published in Communications Earth & Environment.

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  • China’s exports jump in June amid trade war truce with US – Financial Times

    China’s exports jump in June amid trade war truce with US – Financial Times

    1. China’s exports jump in June amid trade war truce with US  Financial Times
    2. China’s exports beat expectations in June, while imports rebound for the first time this year  CNBC
    3. China’s foreign trade up 2.9% in H1  chinadailyasia.com
    4. China’s Export Growth Picks Up as Fragile Trade Truce Holds  Bloomberg
    5. China’s exports pick up as Trump tariff deadline looms  Denver Gazette

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  • ‘Superman’ Actor Edi Gathegi Learned Martial Arts to Prepare for Role

    ‘Superman’ Actor Edi Gathegi Learned Martial Arts to Prepare for Role

    Edi Gathegi, 46, says he got in shape for his “Superman” role with martial arts and intuitive eating.

    In an interview with GQ published Thursday, the actor spoke about his fitness routine and the go-to clean meals that helped him prepare for his role as Mister Terrific in the James Gunn film, which was released in cinemas on July 11.

    “Part of my process of getting ready for ‘Superman’ was training with this brilliant South Indonesian martial artist. He taught me Silat and Kali, which is a Filipino and Thai martial art. It was all about stances and flow and footwork, and we did a little bit of capoeira,” Gathegi told GQ.

    Since his character is an Olympic athlete, Gathegi said he focused on improving his agility and mobility to ensure he could perform the action sequences properly.

    “You can’t just be bulky, you also have to be able to move,” Gathegi said.

    Diet-wise, the actor said he mostly eats intuitively, and only started counting calories recently at the request of his trainer.

    His go-to meals, which he cooks on his own, are simple.

    “Chicken breast, turkey breast. I’ll do salmon, which I enjoy a little bit too much. I’ll do ribeye. That’s my cheat. Then I’ll do complex carbohydrates, so it’s brown rice with any one of those proteins. Broccolini is my favorite, but I’ll do Brussels sprouts. I’ll do green beans, possibly,” he said.

    Gathegi says he’s a creature of habit who enjoys sticking to routines, and that applies to the meals he eats each day. Breakfast typically consists of half a cup of oatmeal, a bowl of non-fat Greek yogurt and some fruit, he said.

    “My lunch is a variation of the protein, the brown rice, and the veg. Then dinner’s a repeat, and I’ll probably do two shakes scattered in there throughout the day,” he added.

    Even though he has a sweet tooth, Gathegi says he knows how to be disciplined. He tracks his macros, drinks plenty of water throughout the day, and takes fish oil.

    “I love me some sweets: the cakes, the cookies, the creams. I love junk food, burgers, and fries. I’m a foodie. But I also have a voice in my head that says, when I have to achieve a certain look, these are the foods that I need to be focused on,” he said.

    Lastly, even though wellness trends like cold plunges and red light therapy have taken the fitness world by storm, Gathegi says he isn’t into any of that.

    “I’m not knocking any of that, but I’m not doing any. You do that when you’re trying to find your thing. I guess I’ve landed at a place where I’m just so grateful for the life that I have, and I’m in awe,” he added.

    Gathegi isn’t alone. Martial arts is becoming more popular among Hollywood stars and even tech execs because of its physical and mental benefits.

    Keanu Reeves trained for his role in “John Wick 2” by practicing Brazilian jiu-jitsu and judo.

    Charlize Theron spent four months learning various martial arts techniques — including Aikido, Judo, and Karate — to prepare for her role in “The Old Guard,” the film’s fight coordinator, Danny Hernandez, previously told Business Insider.

    Meta’s Mark Zuckerberg also practices Brazilian jiu-jitsu and has even competed — and won medals — in tournaments.

    A representative for Gathegi did not immediately respond to a request for comment sent by BI outside regular hours.


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  • Asthma Amplifies Allergic Rhinitis Burden in Children

    Asthma Amplifies Allergic Rhinitis Burden in Children

    TOPLINE:

    A recent survey underscored the substantial burden of moderate-to-severe perennial allergic rhinitis (AR) in children, particularly those with concomitant asthma, with significant implications for their caregivers and immediate family. Children with both conditions used medications more frequently throughout the year and required more frequent healthcare visits.

    METHODOLOGY:

    • Between January and April 2023, researchers conducted an online survey across Canada, Denmark, and the United Kingdom to assess how moderate-to-severe perennial AR — particularly when accompanied by asthma — affects children and their caregivers.
    • They enrolled 877 caregivers of children (mean age, 11.6 years; 58% boys) with moderate-to-severe perennial AR, of whom 356 had concomitant asthma. House dust mite was the most common allergy.

    TAKEAWAY:

    • Among children with perennial AR, those with concomitant asthma were more likely than those without asthma to have three or more comorbidities (55% vs 13%) and to have three or more allergies. (64% vs 45%).
    • Children with asthma also missed more school hours each month (7.2 vs 4.6 mean h/mo; P < .001), and their caregivers were more likely to have taken time off from work in the past year due to the condition (46% vs 24%; P < .001).
    • Children with AR used allergy medications for several months each year, averaging 7.1 months for tablets or capsules, 6.8 months for nasal sprays, and 5.2 months for eye drops; durations were longer among those with concomitant asthma.

    IN PRACTICE:

    “Our findings highlight a crucial need for treatments providing long-term symptom control in children with perennial AR and concomitant asthma,” the authors wrote. “Effective allergy medication has the potential not only to improve the health and well-being of the affected children but also to alleviate the broader negative societal and familial impacts associated with the conditions.”

    SOURCE:

    Mercedes Romano Rodriguez , MSc, with ALK-Abelló, Hørsholm, Denmark, was the corresponding author of the study, which was published online on July 1 in The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology: Global.

    LIMITATIONS:

    Survey participants might not be representative of the patient population overall. Collection of data during COVID-19 surges could have “amplified the perceived burden of both AR and asthma,” the authors noted.

    DISCLOSURES:

    The study was supported by ALK-Abelló, a pharmaceutical company that markets immunotherapy for allergies. Two authors declared being employees of the company, and other authors disclosed receiving fees from or having other ties with the company.

    This article was created using several editorial tools, including AI, as part of the process. Human editors reviewed this content before publication.

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  • Taiwanese boy band thrills fans with surprise reunion

    Taiwanese boy band thrills fans with surprise reunion

    Taiwanese boy band F4 sprung a surprise reunion on fans at rock band Mayday’s concert in Taiwan on Saturday.

    The quartet’s performance of their ballad Meteor Rain sparked a wave of nostalgia at the Taipei Arena, and sent many among the 40,000 concertgoers singing along.

    Meteor Rain was the theme song to the 2001 popular TV drama Meteor Garden, which starred F4’s Jerry Yan, Vanness Wu, Vic Chou, and Ken Chu, and catapulted them to stardom.

    The series, which was based on the Japanese manga series Boys Over Flowers, captured the hearts of millions across Asia and popularised the “idol drama” genre.

    Meteor Garden also starred Barbie Hsu, who died from pneumonia in February.

    Its storyline centres around a girl from a working-class family, played by Hsu, who goes to school with four rich and arrogant boys known as the F4, short for Flower 4.

    The series’ success spawned other Asian adaptations, including Japan’s Hana Yori Dango in 2005, South Korea’s Boys Over Flowers in 2009, China’s Meteor Garden in 2008 and F4 Thailand: Boys Over Flowers in 2021.

    The boy band F4, which formed around the same time the Taiwanese series debuted, disbanded in 2009, but came together four years later for a one-off performance during Chinese TV network Jiangsu’s Spring Festival Gala.

    Mayday’s frontman Ashin, whose real name is Chen Hsin-hung, said it took his band years to get all four F4 members together again.

    “Everyone overcame a lot of obstacles to make this picture a reality,” Ashin said on Saturday. At the concert, F4 also performed Mayday’s The Song of Laughter and Forgetting with the rock group.

    F4’s Yan thanked Mayday for its “amazing effort” in reuniting his former band mates.

    “This is something I could not have imagined would happen again in my lifetime. It’s also made us reminisce about our youth,” said Yan, now 48.

    “I am very grateful to everyone who are here to share a beautiful evening with us,” said bandmate Wu, 46.

    All four band members are in their 40s and are still active in the entertainment industry.

    Fans were ecstatic about the reunion, with many calling for the band to hold their own concert.

    “OMG!! Thank you Mayday !! My childhood is alive. It’s crazy seeing [F4] perform again,” read one comment on X.

    “Are you crying already… because we are! Hello to the inner child in you jumping up and down because #F4 just reunited! Tour soon? We hope!” Sound Check Manila, whose account curates music events in the Philippine capital, also wrote on X.

    Taiwan’s Mirror Media earlier reported that F4 would hold a a concert next year, marking 25 years since their debut. This has not been verified by the artists or their agents.

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  • Effects of Wolbachia removal on microbial composition and diversity in Aedes albopictus: implication of using wAlbB for discriminating irradiation-based sterile and wild males | Infectious Diseases of Poverty

    Effects of Wolbachia removal on microbial composition and diversity in Aedes albopictus: implication of using wAlbB for discriminating irradiation-based sterile and wild males | Infectious Diseases of Poverty

    Ae. albopictus GT strain showed similar microbial diversity but different composition to GUA strain

    Following size filtering, quality control, and chimera removal, a total of 1,575,628 high-quality sequences were obtained from 30 samples from two Ae. albopictus strains. Rarefaction analysis showed that the number of sequences increased sharply before reaching a plateau (Fig. 1a), indicating comprehensive coverage of bacterial diversity in these samples. Good’s coverage was 99.9% in all the sequencing samples (Fig. 1b), indicating sufficient sequencing depth. To evaluate alterations in microbial diversity between the GUA and GT strains, microbial alpha diversity was shown using Shannon and Chao diversity indices (Fig. 1c, d), with no significant differences observed (P = 0.2924 and P = 0.9153, respectively). In addition, 3653 OTUs were identified, including 45 phyla, 1048 genera, and 1953 species, which were annotated for subsequent analyses.

    Fig. 1

    Microbial diversity and composition in GT and GUA strains of Aedes albopictus. a Rarefaction analysis of bacterial communities. b The good’s coverage of bacterial communities. c The boxplots of Shannon index; d The Chao index. The Shannon index and the Chao index were constructed to evaluate microbial diversity. e Venn diagram analysis of microbial communities at the OTU level. f CIRCOS plot showing the distribution of phylum between the GT and GUA strain mosquitoes. g Community bar chart at the genus level. h PCoA score plot of the bacteria in the GUA and GT strains on OTU level. i PLS-DA score plot of the bacteria in the GUA and GT strains on OTU level

    Venn diagram analysis based on the OTU abundance was performed to identify the common and unique OTUs between the GUA and GT strains (Fig. 1e). A total of 1672 OTUs shared by both strains, referred to as core microorganisms, were predominantly composed of Proteobacteria (64.27%), Firmicutes (16.09%), Actinobacteriota (11.22%) and Bacteroidota (4.96%) (Fig. 1f), accounting for over 96.00% of the total microbial in the two strains. The unique OTU number of the GUA strain was lower than that of the GT strain (Fig. 1e). The relative abundance for the top ten genera varied in the two strains. For example, Asaia was the most dominant genus in both strains (GUA: 47.33%, GT: 32.69%), though no significant difference observed (P = 0.1466) (Fig. 1g, Suppl Fig. 1a). Similarity, no significant difference was observed on Rhodococcus (P = 0.1150) (Suppl Fig. 1b), unclassified_f__Acetobacteraceae (P = 0.1710) (Suppl Fig. 1c), Elizabethkingia (P = 0.1250) (Suppl Fig. 1d), Ralstonia (P = 0.1150) (Suppl Fig. 1e), Burkholderia-Caballeronia-Paraburkholderia (P = 0.0740) (Suppl Fig. 1f) and Pseudomonas (P = 0.4800) (Suppl Fig. 1 g) in the two strains (Fig. 1g). However, significant difference was observed on Pseudonocardia (P = 0.0101) (Suppl Fig. 1 h), Enterococcus (P = 0.0062) (Suppl Fig. 1i) and Wolbachia (P = 0.0000) (Suppl Fig. 1j). Wolbachia was only observed in the GUA strain, while Enterococcus showed a higher relative abundance in GT strain compared to GUA strain (22.85 vs 7.75%) (Fig. 1g).

    To further explore the microbial compositions between GUA and GT strains, we used PCoA (based on Weighted-Unifrac distances) at the OTU level. This analysis considered species relationships, composition abundance and evolutionary relationships, revealing clear segregation between the microbiota of the two strains (Fig. 1h, P = 0.0010). Additionally, Partial Least Squares Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA) and the PERMANOVA analysis (Table 1) were conducted, showing distinct separation between the two strains (Fig. 1i). The two results from the beta-diversity analysis suggested that GUA and GT strains maintained different bacterial composition, and the differences might be due to the variation in the relative abundance of the major genera that were observed. (Fig. 1g). Our results suggested that the Ae. albopictus GT strain showed similar microbial diversity but different composition to GUA strain. Additionally, we conducted KEGG pathway prediction analysis on samples from the two strains and found no significant differences in their major metabolic pathways (Suppl Fig. 2).

    Table 1 PERMANOVA table of results for strain and strain-age-sex combined factors for genera level abundance

    GT females showed similar microbial diversity and composition to GUA females

    To understand the microbial diversity and composition among the samples, the 30 samples were divided into six groups: GUA_2M, GUA_5M, GUA_5F, GT_2M, GT_5M and GT_5F. Regarding to female mosquitoes, no significant difference was observed on the microbial diversity between the GT and GUA strains based on Shannon (P = 0.5969) and Chao (P = 0.4521) indices (Fig. 2a, b). Additionally, similar bacterial composition was also observed in females of these two strains based on the PCoA analysis (Fig. 2c, P = 0.3460). The PERMANOVA analysis also indicated no significant differences between the two groups (Table 1).

    Fig. 2
    figure 2

    Microbial diversity and composition in GT and GUA female Aedes albopictus at age of 5-day old. a The boxplots of Shannon index. b The Chao index. The Shannon index and the Chao index were constructed to evaluate microbial diversity. c PCoA score plot of the bacteria on OTU level. d The LEfSe diagram of bacteria in GT and GUA strains. Red indicates significant enrichment in GUA, blue indicates significant enrichment in GT, and both indicate microbial taxa that have a significant impact on inter-group differences. Light yellow nodes indicate no significant difference or no significant impact on inter-group differences for microbial taxa. e Indicator bacteria with LDA scores of 4 or greater in bacterial communities in GT and GUA females. LDA score on the x-axis represents score changes in GT females compared to GUA females at the bottom left of the figure, showing the varying impacts of identified indicator species on the differences between GT and GUA females

    Linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) method was further employed to identify the species/genus-specific difference in females. The GT females were characterized by a preponderance of Ralstonia (Burkholderiales), Paracoccus (Rhodobacterales), and Pelomonas (Sphingobacteriales) (Fig. 2d) while Wolbachia, Anaplasmataceae, Pseudonocardia (Rickettsiales), and Massilia (Pseudonocardiales) were more consistently present in the GUA females (Fig. 2e). Specifically, sequence analysis showed that the top five genera in the GUA females were Asaia (41.72%), Enterococcus (20.78%), Wolbachia (8.27%), Rhodococcus (2.44%) and Ralstonia (1.42%) (Suppl Fig. 3a) while the four predominant genera in the GT females were Asaia (55.08%), Enterococcus (19.22%), Rhodococcus (6.76%) and Ralstonia (3.63%) (Suppl Fig. 3b). Among of these genera bacteria, the presence of Wolbachia was the most differences between GT and GUA females.

    GT males showed similar microbial diversity but different composition to GUA males

    In terms of male mosquitoes, no significant difference was observed on the microbial diversity based on Shannon (Fig. 3a, P = 0.1197) and Chao indices (Fig. 3b, P = 0.8302) between the GT and GUA strains. However, significant difference was observed on the composition based on the PLS-DA (Fig. 3c) and the PERMANOVA analysis (Table 1).

    Fig. 3
    figure 3

    Microbial diversity and composition in GT and GUA male Aedes albopictus at age of 2-day and 5-day old. a The boxplots of Shannon index. b The Chao index. The Shannon index and the Chao index were constructed to evaluate microbiome diversity. c PLS-DA score plot of the bacteria in the GUA and GT strains on OTU level. d The LEfSe diagram of bacteria in GT and GUA strains. Red indicates significant enrichment in GUA, blue indicates significant enrichment in GT, and both indicate microbial taxa that have a significant impact on inter-group differences. Light yellow nodes indicate no significant difference or no significant impact on inter-group differences for microbial taxa. e Indicator bacteria with LDA scores of 4 or greater in bacterial communities in GT and GUA males. LDA score on the x-axis represents score changes in GT males compared to GUA males at the bottom left of the figure, showing the varying impacts of identified indicator species on the differences between GT and GUA males. f Kruskal-Wallis H test bar plot on genus level of GT and GUA males at 2 and 5 days old. g PCoA score plot of the bacteria in the four male groups on OTU level. h Kruskal-Wallis H test of Wolbachia, Asaia, Enterococcus and Elizabethkingia in GT and GUA males at 2 and 5 days old

    LEfSe was employed to identify the species/genus-specific difference in males. The GT males were characterized by a preponderance of Bacilli, Enterococcus (Firmicutes), Enterococcaceae and Lactobacillales (Fig. 3d, e), while Alphaproteobacteria, Asaia (Proteobacteria), Acetobacteraceae (Acetobacterales) and Wolbachia (Anaplasmataceae) were more consistently present in the GUA males (Fig. 3d, e). Specifically, sequence analysis showed that the abundance of the top four genera in GUA males were Asaia, Wolbachia, Rhodococcus and Raistonia, with Wolbachia being the second most abundant and Enterococcus nearly absent (Suppl Fig. 3c, d). In GT males, Asaia, Enterococcus, Rhodococcus, Elizabethkingia and Ralstonia were prominent, whereas Enterococcus being the second most abundant genus (Suppl Fig. 3e, f). Among of these genera bacteria, the presence of Wolbachia (P = 0.0010) or Enterococcus (P = 0.0063) showed significant statistical differences between GT and GUA males (Fig. 3f).

    Age significantly affected microbial composition in male mosquitoes

    This study further revealed age-related differences in bacterial composition among the four male groups. The PCoA results have shown significant differences among the four groups (P = 0.0010) (Fig. 3g). In the GUA strain, the proportion of Asaia decreased slightly with age, while the proportion of Wolbachia had a substantial increase (Suppl Fig. 3c, d). Meanwhile, in the GT strain, the proportion of Asaia and Enterococcus had a considerable increase with age (Suppl Fig. 3e, f). In 2-day male group, the distribution of Asaia was highest in the GUA strain, whereas the bacterial composition in the GT strain remained relatively well-distributed among the top five genera (Suppl Fig. 3c, e). Additionally, the proportion of Asaia was consistently higher in the GUA strain compared to the GT strain (Suppl Fig. 3c–f). Additionally, significant difference in bacteria like Wolbachia and Enterococcus were observed between the 2-day male groups and 5-day male groups (P < 0.05) (Fig. 3f). Compared to the 5-day male group, the 2-day male group had a significantly higher prevalence of bacterial genera, such as Sphingomonas (P = 0.0203), Streptomyces (P = 0.0097), Nocardioides (P = 0.0288), and Qipengyuania (P = 0.0388) (Fig. 3f).

    We found significant differences in the abundance of Wolbachia (2-day male groups: P = 0.0060; 5-day male groups: P = 0.0249) and Asaia (P = 0.0151) bacteria between GT and GUA strains, with Wolbachia being eliminated and its abundance increasing with age in the GUA males, while the abundance of Asaia decreased in GT males (Fig. 3h). However, Enterococcus (2-day male groups: P = 0.1095; 5-day male groups: P = 0.06123) and Elizabethkingia (2-day male groups: P = 0.3136; 5-day male groups: P = 0.3738) showed no significant differences between GT and GUA males (Fig. 3h), but Enterococcus was identified as a biomarker in the LEfSe results (Fig. 3d, e).

    The relative abundance of Asaia, Wolbachia, Enterocossus and Elizabethinga

    qPCR was further used to measure the relative density of 4 major bacterial genera. For Asaia, higher density was observed in GUA_2M group as compared to GT_2M group (Two-tailed Mann-Whitney U-test, P = 0.0079), while there was no difference in both 5-day male groups (GUA_5M vs GT_5M, P = 0.0556) and 5-day female groups (GUA_5F vs GT_5F, P = 0.0556) (Fig. 4a). GT males showed higher abundance of Enterococcus than GUA males, either at age of 2 days (P = 0.0079) or 5 days (P = 0.0476). However, this difference was not observed in 5-day female groups (P = 0.2381) (Fig. 4b). No significant difference was observed on Elizabethkinga between GUA and GT mosquitoes (P = 0.1508) (Fig. 4c). All GUA mosquito groups (GUA_2M, GUA_5M and GUA_5F) were positive with Wolbachia while the bacterium was not amplified in GT mosquitoes, confirming that Wolbachia was completely eliminated in the GT strain.

    Fig. 4
    figure 4

    Relative abundance of Asaia, Wolbachia, Enterococcus, and Elizabethkingia in GUA and GT strains of Aedes albopictus mosquitoes. a Relative abundance of four genera in the 2-day-old male group. b Relative abundance of four genera in the 5-day-old male group. c Relative abundance of four genera in the 5-day-old female group

    Wolbachia wAlbB can serve as a biomarker to distinguish the sterile from wild male Ae. albopictus

    Three vegetation-rich sites in downtown Guangzhou, China, were selected for human-baited experiments to collect adult male Ae. albopictus mosquitoes (Fig. 5a). These sites included shrubbery near a parking lot, shrubbery near a basketball court, and shrubbery near a monument. The experiments were carried out monthly on the 15th day of each month, from July 2023 to November 2023, at all three sites. At each site, 30 male mosquitoes were collected, and 12 were selected for DNA extraction and PCR identification experiments. Male mosquitoes infected with both Wolbachia strains (wAlbA & wAlbB) were exclusively found, but in different proportions, in both the lab-GUA and the wild strains (Fig. 5b, c). The lab-GUA strain were 100% (12/12) double-infections with wAlbA and wAlbB. In terms of the wild strain, the wAlbB exhibited a mean of 96.7% (± 4.6%) (58/60) infection proportion and 61.7% (± 32.1%) (37/60) for wAlbA, though the difference was not statistically significant (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, P = 0.1250) due to high variation observed in wAlbA. Conversely, both the lab-GT (0/12) and the mass-reared GT (0/60) strains were negative with Wolbachia in both wAlbA and wAlbB. All four tested strains were positive for Enterococcus (Fig. 5d). No significant difference was observed on the infection proportion of Enterococcus between the mass-reared and the wild strains (Wilcoxon matched-pairs signed rank test, P = 0.0625).

    Fig. 5
    figure 5

    Proportion of Wolbachia and Enterococcus in male Aedes albopictus. a Spatial distribution of the monitoring method in Yuexiu District, Guangzhou City. Yellow points represent the positions to perform human-baited collection. N represents the North. b Proportion of wAlbA infection. c Proportion of wAlbB infection. d Proportion of Enterococcus infection. Within a, b, c, from left to right showed the laboratory strain GUA (lab-GUA), the laboratory strain GT (lab-GT), the wild strain collected from July to November 2024, and the mass-reared GT strain collected from July to November 2024

    A total number of 90 irradiated GT males were recaptured with obvious fluorescent powder observed in these males, corresponding to a 4.5% (90/2000) recaptured rate within 4 days (Fig. 6a, b). The number of daily captured male mosquitoes with or without marking was shown in Fig. 6b. PCR results showed that all the marked male mosquitoes were negative with both wAlbA and wAlbB, either collected at 48 h (0/12) or 96 h post release (0/4). Similarity, all the irradiated GT males were negative with both wAlbA and wAlbB (0/24). Whereas, infection rates of 95.8% (23/24) for wAlbB and 54.2% (13/24) for wAlbA were respectively observed on the unmarked male mosquitoes, which were considered as wild males (Fig. 6c). Our results suggest that Wolbachia wAlbB is more stable than wAlbA recommended to be a suitable biomarker for distinguishing the sterile from wild male mosquitoes.

    Fig. 6
    figure 6

    Validation of wAlbB as a reliable biological marker in the mark-release-recapture experiment. a Differentiation of male Aedes albopictus mosquitoes under a stereomicroscope to determine their origin (mass-reared or wild). From left to right: unmarked irradiated male, fluorescent marked irradiated male before release, wild male captured at 48 h, fluorescent marked irradiated male recaptured at 48 h post release, wild male captured at 96 h, and fluorescent marked irradiated male recaptured at 96 h post release. Fluorescent powder were indicated by the red arrows. b Numbers of marked, released, and recaptured male Aedes albopictus, along with the recapture rate of sterile males. c Proportion of wAlbA (blue) and wAlbB (orange) infections among the tested males

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