Prada is rethinking how it’s selling its new leather sandals after facing backlash on social media.
An Indian state commerce department said in a Saturday statement that the Italian fashion brand has agreed to collaborate with Indian artisans to create a “Made in India” collection.
This comes after Prada debuted flat-soled leather sandals, with a thin strap connecting the toe ring to the central belt, on June 22 at its 2026 spring/summer menswear show in Milan.
The sandals bore a striking resemblance to the Kolhapuri chappal, a style of handcrafted leather sandal made in India’s Kolhapur city, in the central state of Maharashtra. The Kolhapuri chappal is widely available across Maharashtra and is sold in small, independently owned artisan shops.
According to an interview the BBC conducted with a Kolhapuri chappal artisan, the sandals cost $8 to $10.
Prada’s website did not include a price tag for the Kolhapuri-style leather sandals, but other sandals sold by the brand start at $750, with some costing upward of $1,000, per its website.
The shoes quickly triggered backlash from South Asian users on social media, who said Prada was appropriating the traditional design without due credit. Prada does not have any retail outlets in India.
In response to the backlash it had received, Prada told the BBC in June that it had “always celebrated craftsmanship, heritage and design traditions,” and was “in contact with the Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce, Industry & Agriculture on this topic.”
On Saturday, the chamber posted on X that it held a successful meeting with Prada representatives on Friday, which ended with an agreement to work on a “Made in India” collection of Kolhapuri sandals.
“The next step will be for Prada’s supply chain team to meet a range of artisanal footwear manufacturers,” the company said in a statement to Reuters.
Representatives for Prada and the Maharashtra Chamber of Commerce, Industry, and Agriculture did not respond to queries from BI asking for details about the new collection and when it would be launched.
Prada’s stock price has been down nearly 25% since the start of this year. However, it reported strong first-quarter results, with a 13% increase in net revenues in the latest quarter compared to the year before.
Medical students face a variety of mental health problems but could be reluctant to seek help. In fact, research reveals that medical students are more likely to experience anxiety, burnout, and depression.
Both the academic demands and the clinical environment are of concern for medical students, and some are overwhelmed, sleep-deprived, and experiencing ongoing stress and pressure.
Some medical students could be dealing with depression but masking the realities of their outward mental health. In a profession rooted in care and prevention, it’s advised that medical students should take reasonable measures to flag any dramatic signs that a peer could have depression. Here are action steps to take if you notice a peer struggling.
The typical signs of depression — being visibly sad, stepping back from social activities, and a change in demeanor, can certainly be indicative of mental health challenges, but these symptoms can vary from person to person.
“Certainly, the above examples could indicate depression, but missing classes could also be a sign that a student is isolating or not functioning as per normal routine,” stated Anjali Kala, LISW, a therapist with behavior health at Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland. “If a peer is noticeably not performing up to their normal capacity, including grades and project outcomes, not showing up for classes, these could be red flags.”
She further noted that lack of interest is another symptom of withdrawal and could indicate that one is not motivated, has difficulty concentrating, and may be feeling hopeless. “The expression of hopelessness could indicate lack of support or even thoughts of ending one’s life,” she said.
Medical students should also notice physical shifts of peers which may be a sign their friend is depressed.
“Lack of sleep, looking fatigued all day, or a change in one’s hygiene and self-care can also indicate lack of interest in oneself and giving up,” cited Kala. “A depressed peer may have a change in appetite, where they do not eat regularly, or the opposite, eating more than usual, including significant weight loss or gain.”
Peers get a perspective that professors, staff, and administrators may not see. So if you believe a peer is spiraling downward with depression, it is advisable to act.
“The risks of not getting involved are that the individual may decline in their mental health, and they could be reaching a crisis,” Kala said. “It’s better to err on the side of caution and intervene, with hopes of helping and prevention.”
According to some studies, the prevalence of depression among medical students hovers around 19%, which means it’s affecting 1 in 5 students. “Since medical school often attracts high-achieving students, some students with depression may not feel comfortable seeking professional treatment on their own,” said Gregory Scott Brown, MD, psychiatry clerkship director at the University of Houston in Houston and chair, council on communications at the American Psychiatric Association. “Sometimes, a fellow student may be the first person a student feels comfortable speaking to about their feelings.”
Here are some guidelines:
Mental health concerns like stress and burnout can quickly turn into depression if not caught early, Brown said.
“However, the good news is that with appropriate supports in place like student groups, campus-based counseling centers, and peer-to-peer check-ins — medical school, while challenging, can be an intellectually and emotionally rewarding experience,” he said.
With treatment, most people — including medical students — get better, Brown said. “No one has to suffer in silence.”
For any student reading this who is experiencing suicidal thoughts call the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline.
The study shows that the prevalence rate of SD is 20.2%, significantly higher than the prevalence rate (4.0%) obtained by WY Li et al. [5] using a random effects model for meta-analysis. There is no significant statistical difference between the prevalence rate of men and women(21.7% for men and 19.1% for women). This result is inconsistent with the systematic evaluation results of WY Li et al. (5% for men and 15% for women). The prevalence rates of the 10 included literature ranged from 2.27 to 65.45% [9, 22,23,24,25]. Firstly, the research subjects include elderly people in emergency hospitalization, rehabilitation, long-term care institutions, and communities, while Nagano et al. [26] research subjects only include old women who underwent hip fracture surgery; Secondly, there are significant differences in the methods used to evaluate swallowing function and skeletal muscle included in the literature; Thirdly, among the 10 articles, 8 are from Japan, 1 is from South Korea, and 1 is from Türkiye, so regional bias cannot be ruled out. Although we obtained a lower prevalence rate than Sakai, K et al. [27] who used the same evaluation methods (CC, WST) (20.2% vs. 35.1%), but we included a larger sample size (3134 vs. 245); This may be the reason for the difference. Therefore, further verification is needed in a wider population. Although the assessment methods for sarcopenia and swallowing disorders were different in these studies, their final conclusions emphasized the strong correlation between swallowing disorders and sarcopenia.
Our study confirms previous research findings that SD is associated with aging, low BMI, frailty, malnutrition, oral weakness, and comorbidity in patients. Age has been identified as an independent risk factor for SD [28, 29]. To verify this viewpoint, we conducted a stratified analysis of age and found that the difference in incidence rate between the 65–74 age group and the ≥ 85 age group (5.7% vs. 37.8%) was significantly increased.
compared to the previous studies, we new found that SD was also related to marital status, educational level, main caregivers, income, psychology, etc. Divorced, widowed, or single older patients have a higher incidence of SD than while married individuals indicate a higher quality of life [30, 31]. Most studies have reported a positive correlation between marital status and health, and the research results are consistent across different cultures and countries. Gender has a significant impact, with males exhibiting greater health benefits than females [32]. The incidence rate of illiterate patients is significantly higher than that of other cultural levels, and the level of education is closely related to the patient’s cognitive level and self-care ability. Low educated individuals have limited understanding of diseases, and may overlook the adverse effects of oral health, nutrition, and other factors on diseases, which also indicates lower levels of healthcare [33]. The incidence rate of patients who need professional care is 4.7 times that of patients who can take care of themselves. Being able to take care of themselves means higher self-care ability and more activity, so their risk of muscle reduction is lower. Patients with monthly income exceeding 10,000 RMB have an increased risk of SD. The possible reason is that high-income patients are more likely to have access to high-quality living and high-level medical care, resulting in longer lifespans [34]. Therefore, the real risk of SD for these older patients is not income itself, but the age increase brought about by high income. It is not economic income that affects the prevalence of SD, but age that affects SD [35].This speculation requires further research to verify.
Research has found that SD is closely related to patients’ daily habits and abilities. Reduced self-care ability, lack of participation in community activities, and lack of housework were independent risk factors for SD. Self-care ability reflects the patient’s independent activity ability, the worse the self-care ability, the lower the activity ability, the higher the incidence of disease. The incidence of SD in patients with regular daily activities and physical exercise was significantly lower than that in patients who basically did not take part in outdoor physical exercise, community activities, housework and irregular life, indicating the importance of older people to strengthen daily exercise and maintain healthy and positive living habits in preventing the occurrence and development of SD, which also verified the role of lifestyle medicine in reversing and preventing diseases [36]. Surprisingly, non-drinking and non-smoking patients showed a higher prevalence rate than those who smoked and drank. However, in China, there is a significant gender gap in alcohol consumption and smoking, and gender bias cannot be ruled out.
SD is related to the physical health status of patients. Low BMI, frailty, poor oral health [37], are independent risk factors for SD. The impact of oral health on the prevalence of SD has been confirmed by previous studies [38, 39], however, according to Japanese diagnostic algorithm for SD, the tongue pressure is an important indicator to comfirm whether it has SD or not. The tongue pressure detectors is too expensive to widely use in the institution, therefore there need a simple and cheap tool to know the swallowing muscle strength. Our study used Zhao’s Chinese version of the Brief Oral Health Status Examination (BOHSE) [10] score to describe oral health. This table has 10 entries, including lymph nodes, lips, tongue, mucosa, gums, saliva, natural teeth, artificial teeth, number of chewing teeth, and oral hygiene. Each project is graded from 0 (normal) to 2 (problematic), with scores ranging from 0 to 20. The higher the score, the more severe the oral problems. Our study result showed that the total score of BOHSE will increase the risk of patients suffering from possible SD by 1.144 times increasing each score. Poor oral health, also known as oral debilitation [40], includes diseases such as tooth loss, dry mouth, inflammation of oral soft and hard tissues, which may lead to a decrease in the amount and quality of food intake, causing malnutrition and a reduction in skeletal muscle throughout the body, ultimately resulting in swallowing disorders, forming a vicious cycle, and overall deterioration of the patient [41, 42]. Given the severe situation and harm of poor oral health, the World Health Organization has identified it as an important public health issue worldwide [43]. The European Elderly Oral Health Policy Recommendations provide early oral health management for the older people [44].
Aging, decreased self-care ability, lack of participation in community activities, avoidance of household chores, low BMI, frailty, and poor oral health are independent risk factors for SD in our study which is consistent with the main risk factors for sarcopenia (age, nutrition, activity, disease, oral weakness, etc.), but our research also found that certain demographic characteristics, daily habits, and psychological cognitive disorders of patients are closely related to SD. This reminds us that when evaluating and intervening in SD, we should not only pay attention to the patient’s physical illness, but also to their individual differences, lifestyle habits and abilities, as well as psychological and cognitive issues. So as to reduce the incidence rate of SD, improve the self-care ability and quality of life of older patients, and reduce the medical finance and family economic burden. However, becaese of the lack of definite SD (due to the absence of DXA/BIA and tongue pressure data) weakened the specificity of the research results. Future research should use standardized SD standards to validate these results.
As a relatively new concept, SD has not been formally introduced in China and lacks unified diagnostic criteria. Currently, there is no large-scale population study on it. It is feasible for us to use CGA data and a SD diagnostic algorithm developed by Japanese researchers to diagnose SD, laying the groundwork and making efforts for research in this field. The advantage of this diagnostic algorithm is that it can diagnose very likely or possible SD without assessing swallowing muscle mass, its disadvantage lies in the inability to diagnose specific SD, as it is currently impossible to accurately assess swallowing muscle mass and determine its cutoff value. This may lead to biased research results.Therefore, more research is needed to optimize and improve this diagnostic algorithm, and to unify relevant evaluation tools, such as integrating DXA, BIA, Tongue pressure assessment and imaging examination. The use of this diagnostic algorithm should be improved, and all qualified clinical medical personnel should be able to use the tool correctly to promote the research and management of SD in clinical practice, and to improve the evaluation and intervention rate of SD in clinical practice.
This study is a retrospective cohort study based on single center CGA data from Southwest China, with a focus on elderly hospitalized patients in the geriatric department. The results may not represent the prevalence of SD in the entire elderly population in the country. According to the Japanese diagnostic algorithm, SD is divided into three types (definite, very likely, and possible). However, due to the lack of DXA or BIA data, or even tongue pressure, the study did not include definite sarcopenic dysphagia. And the current study has not yet determined the critical value of swallowing muscle mass, According to the diagnostic algorithm, it is impossible to diagnose definite dysphagia without evaluating swallowing muscle mass. Due to the lack of the above objective data and other issues, and the subjective evaluation data have a certain impact on the diagnostic results, our study only investigated the possible SD and analyzed its influencing factors, which may not show the overview of SD in China. Although there are these limitations, our research has focused on this field earlier in China, providing reference and assistance for future related research. More multicenter studies are needed in the future to validate, improve, and optimize SD diagnostic tools, establish SD diagnostic standards in China, and promote screening, diagnosis, and intervention of SD.
Apple has secured a top-five spot in the most-watched streaming series with its original programming for the first time, Bloomberg reports.
According data from Nielsen, Apple TV+ claimed one of the five most-viewed original streaming titles in the United States during the first half of 2025. While Netflix maintained three of the top four positions and Amazon’s Reacher performed strongly in second place, Apple emerged alongside those longstanding competitors for the first time with the second season of Severance.
Nielsen’s rankings are based on total minutes viewed and represent U.S. audiences only, combining viewership across connected TVs and select devices. The most-watched shows in the United States in the first half of 2025 are as follows:
Apple’s rise in the rankings coincides with a broader trend; Netflix’s share of the most-watched streaming titles declined from more than 80% in 2021 to just under 50% in the first half of 2025. The figures reflect increasing competition from rivals such as Amazon, HBO, Hulu, Paramount+, and Apple TV+, all of which have placed shows in the top 10 so far this year. Disney+, by contrast, has not had a single original series appear in Nielsen’s top 10 to date.
While Netflix remains the most consistent producer of hits overall, with a larger number of top-performing series than any other service, its share of total streaming viewership has plateaued. Nielsen reported that total streaming consumption in the U.S. grew by 6% year-over-year in the first half of 2025, but Netflix’s share of that growth remained flat. Free ad-supported platforms, such as YouTube, Tubi, and the Roku Channel, are increasingly capturing viewers from traditional TV and paid subscription services alike.
Apple does not disclose subscriber figures for Apple TV+, but Ampere Analysis estimated in May that the service has surpassed 60 million paying users globally, with the strongest growth occurring in North America and Western Europe over the past 12 months. Apple has renewed Severance for a third season.
In our study, measles seroprevalence was 46.1%, and the seroprevalence was higher in the group born between 1986 and 1997 than in the group born between 1998 and 2004. It was also determined that the seropositivity rate exceeded 50% in those born before 1997.
There are different data in the literature regarding measles seroprevalence in Turkey. In a study examining measles serology in students residing in our university dormitory, measles seropositivity was found to be 100% in the population born before 1986 [15]. In the study conducted by Açıkgöz et al., it was found that measles seropositivity was higher among students aged 21 and older and those with lower income levels in Turkey [16]. In a study conducted by Köse et al., the seropositivity rate was found to be 72% in the group aged 18–25, 88.8% in the group aged 26–35, and 95.2% in the group aged 36–45 [17]. These findings are similar to the finding of lower seropositivity rate in the younger group in our study. In a study that included employees of a university hospital and medical students, measles seroprevalence was found to be 57% [18]. In the same study, susceptibility rate was 46% in the group aged 18–25, while it was determined that the entire group over the age of 38 was immune [18]. Consistent with previous studies, our findings indicate that younger individuals demonstrate increased susceptibility to measles.
Medical students, as early-career healthcare workers, are at particularly high risk of exposure to measles due to their frequent patient contact in clinical settings. The lower seroprevalence observed in younger individuals, particularly those born between 1998 and 2004, suggests that a significant proportion of medical trainees may be susceptible to measles infection. Given that medical students will transition into clinical settings, ensuring their immunity is important for both personal safety and infection control in healthcare settings.
In different studies reported from Europe, it has been observed that the seropositivity rate is lower among younger healthcare workers, similar to the results in our country [19, 20]. In a study reported from Latvia in 2022, a seroprevalence of 77.3% was found in healthcare workers, while the lowest seroprevalence was in the 26–35 age group at 53% [21]. The same study revealed that seronegativity for measles was higher compared to diphtheria among healthcare workers [21]. In a study reported from Korea, it was shown that while the general measles seropositivity in healthcare workers was 73%, immunity decreased to 42% in the group born after 1995 [22].
In our study, a strong negative correlation (r = -0.964) was found between year of birth and measles seroprevalence, indicating that younger individuals have lower immunity to measles compared to older groups. This finding is particularly important when considering the seroprevalence patterns across age groups. Individuals born between 1998 and 2004 exhibited lower measles seroprevalence, suggesting higher susceptibility in this group. Several factors may contribute to this observed decline in immunity. First, waning vaccine-induced immunity over time may be a possible explanation. Unlike natural infection, which usually provides lifelong immunity, vaccine-induced immunity is known to wane over time, particularly in the absence of booster doses or exposure to circulating wild-type virus. In addition, gaps in vaccination coverage or primary vaccine failure in this group may have led to a lower seroprevalence rate. In contrast, higher measles seropositivity was found in older individuals born between 1986 and 1997. This group may have been more frequently exposed to wild-type measles virus, which confers immunity from natural infection, which is known to be more stable and durable than vaccine-induced immunity. Before widespread implementation of measles elimination programs, periodic outbreaks may have contributed to the strengthening of herd immunity, allowing individuals to acquire strong and durable immune responses.
It is thought that the low measles seroprevalence in the group born between 1998 and 2004 may be related to the vaccination policies in our country. An examination of the historical vaccination policies in our country reveals that 1998 marked the year when second dose of the monovalent measles vaccine was first administered to school-age children, and the monovalent measles vaccine continued to be used until 2006. It is expected that 93–95% protection will be achieved after a single dose of monovalent measles vaccine, and 97–99% after a second dose. This suggests that the low seroprevalence rate found in our study may be due to disruptions in the implementation of new vaccination practices. Since the vaccination histories of the participants could not be obtained, no definitive comment could be made on this matter. Secondary vaccine failure and waning measles immunity are also known to play a role in low seroprevalence [23]. Adolescents and young adults, whose immune systems may weaken over time, are particularly affected by these factors. These groups may be more vulnerable to disease in later years, as immunity levels may decline after vaccination. Additionally, individuals with diseases or medical conditions that suppress the immune system may have waning immunity over time, which may increase susceptibility to measles infection.
In our study, no relationship was found between measles seropositivity and gender. In another study conducted in 2012 on healthcare workers, it was shown that the immune response did not change significantly by gender, while a study conducted in 2015 found that seronegativity was higher in females [24, 25]. More recent studies including the young adult group showed no difference between genders, similar to our study [17, 26].
Looking at the studies reporting measles seroprevalence from Turkey, regional differences can be seen. In Şanlıurfa, it was reported that measles seroprevalence was 52.6% in the 18–21 age range and 77.7% in the 22–25 age range in 2023. In a study conducted in Manisa in 2017, seroprevalence was found to be 74.1% in the 18–29 age group [27]. There is no comprehensive study in the literature that provides seroprevalence according to regions. In our study, measles seroprevalence was found to be the lowest in the Eastern Marmara Region (34.5%) and the highest in the Western Black Sea Region (59.5%). The Eastern Marmara statistical region includes Kocaeli, Sakarya, Düzce, Bolu, and Yalova. Although measles seroprevalence was expected to be relatively high in the Eastern Marmara Region due to its socioeconomic status, the lowest seroprevalence was observed in this region in our study. After the 17 August 1999 Gölcük Kocaeli and 12 November 1999 Düzce Earthquakes, there were significant disruptions in the supply of vaccines and the implementation of healthcare services in the region. It is thought that these painful historical events may be a reason for the current low seroprevalence in the young adult population born and raised in the region.
Our study has several limitations. It was conducted at a single center, and therefore it is not possible to make a definitive conclusions about measles seroprevalence in healthcare workers and the general population on a national or international level. Vaccination records of all participants could not be obtained, and since some of the participants who were asked about their vaccination history were unable to recall their vaccination status, preventing a thorough assessment. Additionally, since the participants who applied to our polyclinic voluntarily were included in the study, differences were observed in the number of applications over the years.
Our study covers a 14-year period and evaluates a single group within healthcare workers. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study in our country to compare measles seroprevalence with birth year and place of birth among healthcare workers.