For Gazans, a 60-day ceasefire being negotiated between Israel and Hamas would be a lifeline.
A window to bring in large quantities of desperately needed food, water and medicine after severe – and at times total – Israeli restrictions on aid deliveries.
But for Israel’s defence minister Israel Katz a two-month pause in military operations would create an opportunity to build what he has called a “humanitarian city” in the ruins of the southern city of Rafah to contain almost every single Gazan except those belonging to armed groups.
According to the plan, Palestinians would be security screened before being allowed in and not permitted to leave.
Critics, both domestically and internationally, have condemned the proposal, with human rights groups, academics and lawyers calling it a blueprint for a “concentration camp”.
It’s unclear to what extent it represents a concrete plan of Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu’s government or whether it is a negotiating tactic to put more pressure on Hamas in the talks on a ceasefire and hostage release deal.
In the notable absence of any Israeli plan for Gaza after the war ends, this idea is filling the strategic vacuum.
Katz briefed a group of Israeli reporters that the new camp would initially house about 600,000 Palestinians – and eventually the whole 2.1 million population.
His plan would see the Israel Defense Forces (IDF) securing the site from a distance while international bodies managed the area. Four aid distribution sites would be established in the area, he said.
Katz also restated his desire to encourage Palestinians to “voluntarily emigrate” from the Gaza to other countries.
But it has not gained traction or support among other senior figures in Israel, and according to reports the proposal even triggered a clash between the prime minister and the head of the IDF.
Israeli media say the office of the chief of the general staff, Lt Gen Eyal Zamir, made clear the army was not obligated to forcibly transfer civilians, as the plan would require.
It’s claimed Gen Zamir and Netanyahu were involved in an angry exchange during a recent war cabinet meeting.
Tal Schneider, a political correspondent at the centrist Times of Israel, said Zamir would be in a strong position to push back because the government “practically begged him to take the job” six months ago – and Netanyahu strongly endorsed his appointment.
It’s not only the top military brass that is opposed to the idea. There is also consternation among rank and file too.
“Any transfer of a civil population is a form of war crime, that’s a form of ethnic cleansing, which is also a form of genocide,” IDF reservist Yotam Vilk told the BBC at his home in Tel Aviv.
The 28-year-old former officer in the Armored Corps is refusing to serve any longer in the army following 270 days of active combat in Gaza.
He describes himself as a patriot and argues Israel must defend itself but that the current war has no strategy nor end in sight.
Vilk is also part of Soldiers for the Hostages, a group calling for an end of the war to secure the release of the 50 Israelis still being held captive by Hamas in Gaza, up to 20 of whom are believed to be alive.
Meanwhile 16 Israeli experts in international law issued a joint letter on Friday denouncing the plan, which they said would constitute a war crime. The letter urged “all relevant parties to publicly withdraw from the plan, renounce it and refrain from carrying it out”.
The plan has unsurprisingly dismayed Palestinians in Gaza.
“We completely reject this proposal, and we reject the displacement of any Palestinian from their land,” Sabreen, who had been forced to leave Khan Younis, told the BBC. “We are steadfast and will remain here until our last breath.”
Ahmad Al Mghayar from Rafah said: “Freedom is above everything. This is our land, we should be free to move wherever we want. Why are we being pressured like this?”
It’s not clear how much support Katz’s plan has among the general public, but recent surveys have indicated the majority of Jews in Israel favour the expulsion of Palestinians from Gaza.
One poll published in the left-wing daily newspaper Haaretz claimed as many as 82 per cent of Jewish Israelis supported such a move.
But there has been curious lack of public support for the proposal among the far-right, including prominent ministers in the coalition Itamar Ben-Gvir and Bezalel Smotrich.
Both have been vocal proponents of Palestinians leaving Gaza and Jewish settlers returning.
Tal Schneider said both ministers may still be weighing up giving their backing to the proposal for a mass camp.
“Maybe they’re waiting to see where the wind blows to see if it’s serious. Both Smotrich and Ben-Gvir are cabinet members and have more access to internal discussions. Maybe they think this is just to put political pressure on Hamas to come to the table.”
Outside Israel, the proposal for a new camp for all Gazans has attracted widespread criticism.
In the UK, minister for the Middle East Hamish Falconer posted on social media that he was “appalled” by the plan.
“Palestinian territory must not be reduced,” he wrote. “Civilians must be able to return to their communities. We need to move towards a ceasefire deal and open a pathway to lasting peace.”
British human rights lawyer Baroness Helena Kennedy KC told the BBC the project would force Palestinians into a “concentration camp”.
The description, which other critics including academics, NGOs and senior UN officials have used, holds considerable resonance in light of the role of concentration camps in the Holocaust.
Baroness Kennedy said the plan – as well as the latest actions of Israel – has led her to conclude Israel is committing genocide in Gaza.
“I was very reluctant to go there, because the threshold has to be very high. There has to be specific intent for genocide. But what we’re now seeing is genocidal behaviour,” she said.
Israel has vehemently rejected the charge of genocide and says it does not target civilians.
The Israeli foreign ministry also told the BBC that “the notion that Israel is creating concentration camps is deeply offensive and draws parallels with the Nazis”. Israel “adheres to the Geneva Convention”, it added, referring to the international regulations governing the treatment of civilians in occupied territories.
Aside from grim warnings about what might happen, the prospect of a new camp is having an impact on efforts to end the Gaza war.
Palestinian sources at the ceasefire talks grinding on in the Qatari capital Doha have told the BBC the plan has alarmed the Hamas delegation and has created a new obstacle to a deal.
Additional reporting by Joyce Liu and John Landy
