Moments after Iranian President Masoud Pezeshkian said in an apparently prerecorded statement that Tehran would halt attacks on its Gulf neighbors under certain conditions, several reported new strikes.
…
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC). Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. https://doi.org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647 (2023).
Barthelmie, R. J. & Pryor, S. C. Climate change mitigation potential of wind energy. Climate 9, 136 (2021).
Creutzig, F. et al. The underestimated potential of solar energy to mitigate climate change. Nat. Energy 2, 17140 (2017).
Gielen, D. et al. The role of renewable energy in the global energy transformation. Energy Strategy Rev. 24, 38–50 (2019).
Griscom, B. W. et al. Natural climate solutions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 114, 11645–11650 (2017).
Roe, S. et al. Land-based measures to mitigate climate change: potential and feasibility by country. Glob. Change Biol. 27, 6025–6058 (2021).
Searchinger, T. D., Wirsenius, S., Beringer, T. & Dumas, P. Assessing the efficiency of changes in land use for mitigating climate change. Nature 564, 249–253 (2018).
Pacifici, M. et al. Assessing species vulnerability to climate change. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 215–224 (2015).
Hernandez, R. R., Hoffacker, M. K., Murphy-Mariscal, M. L., Wu, G. C. & Allen, M. F. Solar energy development impacts on land cover change and protected areas. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 112, 13579–13584 (2015).
Köppel, J., Dahmen, M., Helfrich, J., Schuster, E. & Bulling, L. Cautious but committed: moving toward adaptive planning and operation strategies for renewable energy’s wildlife implications. Environ. Manag. 54, 744–755 (2014).
Levin, M. O. et al. Solar energy-driven land-cover change could alter landscapes critical to animal movement in the continental United States. Environ. Sci. Technol. 57, 11499–11509 (2023).
Wu, G. C. et al. Minimizing habitat conflicts in meeting net-zero energy targets in the western United States. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2204098120 (2023).
Condon, D. et al. Practitioners’ perceived risks to biodiversity from renewable energy expansion through 2050. Humanit. Soc. Sci. Commun. 12, 263 (2025).
CBD. Kunming-Montreal Global biodiversity framework. Draft decision submitted by the President. CBD/COP/15/L.25. https://www.cbd.int/doc/c/e6d3/cd1d/daf663719a03902a9b116c34/cop-15-l-25-en.pdf (2022).
United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). UNFCCC 2017 Paris Agreement Status of Ratification, 1–2. https://unfccc.int/process/the-paris-agreement/status-of-ratification (2017).
Popp, A. et al. Land-use futures in the shared socioeconomic pathways. Glob. Environ. Change 42, 331–345 (2017).
Riahi, K. et al. The shared socioeconomic pathways and their energy, land use, and greenhouse gas emissions implications: an overview. Glob. Environ. Change 42, 153–168 (2017).
Boakes, E. H., Dalin, C., Etard, A. & Newbold, T. Impacts of the global food system on terrestrial biodiversity from land use and climate change. Nat. Commun. 15, 5750 (2024).
Johnson, J. A. et al. Energy matters: mitigating the impacts of future land expansion will require managing energy and extractive footprints. Ecol. Econ. 187, 107106 (2021).
Trainor, A. M., McDonald, R. I. & Fargione, J. Energy sprawl is the largest driver of land use change in United States. PLoS ONE 11, e0162269 (2016).
Fthenakis, V. & Kim, H. C. Land use and electricity generation: a life-cycle analysis. Renew. Sustain. Energy Rev. 13, 1465–1474 (2009).
McDonald, R. I., Fargione, J., Kiesecker, J., Miller, W. M. & Powell, J. Energy sprawl or energy efficiency: climate policy impacts on natural habitat for the United States of America. PLoS ONE 4, e6802 (2009).
Nøland, J. K., Auxepaules, J., Rousset, A., Perney, B. & Falletti, G. Spatial energy density of large-scale electricity generation from power sources worldwide. Sci. Rep. 12, 21280 (2022).
Lovering, J., Swain, M., Blomqvist, L. & Hernandez, R. R. Land-use intensity of electricity production and tomorrow’s energy landscape. PLoS ONE 17, e0270155 (2022).
Dai, T., Valanarasu, J. M. J., Patel, V. M. & Jordaan, S. M. The life cycle land use of natural gas-fired electricity in the US Western interconnection. Environ. Sci. Adv. 2, 815–826 (2023).
Spangler, K., Smithwick, E. A. H., Buechler, S. & Baka, J. Just energy imaginaries? Examining realities of solar development on Pennsylvania’s farmland. Energy Res. Soc. Sci. 108, 103394 (2024).
Nilson, R. S. & Stedman, R. C. Reacting to the rural burden: understanding opposition to utility-scale solar development in Upstate New York. Rural Socio. 88, 578–605 (2023).
Rand, J. et al. More power to them: U.S. large-scale solar neighbors’ support for additional solar. Front. Sustain. Energy Policy 4, https://doi.org/10.3389/fsuep.2025.1579170 (2025).
Katzner, T. E. et al. Impacts of onshore wind energy production on biodiversity. Nat. Rev. Biodivers. 1, 567–580 (2025).
Swanson, T., Seay-Fleming, C., Gerlak, A. K. & Barron-Gafford, G. A. Enough is enough, we like our farms”: the role of landscape ideology in shaping perceptions of solar energy and agrivoltaics in the rural American Southwest. J. Rural Stud. 114, 103572 (2025).
Merheb, C., Macknick, J., Davatzes, N. & Ravi, S. Synergies and trade-offs of multi-use solar landscapes. Nat. Sustain. 8, 857–870 (2025).
Isbell, F. et al. Expert perspectives on global biodiversity loss and its drivers and impacts on people. Front. Ecol. Environ. 21, 94–103 (2023).
Jaureguiberry, P. et al. The direct drivers of recent global anthropogenic biodiversity loss. Sci. Adv. 8, eabm9982 (2022).
Pörtner, H. O. et al. IPBES-IPCC Co-sponsored Workshop Report on Biodiversity and Climate Change (Intergovernmental Science-Policy Platform on Biodiversity and Ecosystem Services (IPBES) and Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 2021).
Smith, P. et al. How do we best synergize climate mitigation actions to co-benefit biodiversity? Glob. Change Biol. 28, 2555–2577 (2022).
Fastré, C., van Zeist, W.-J., Watson, J. E. M. & Visconti, P. Integrated spatial planning for biodiversity conservation and food production. One Earth 4, 1635–1644 (2021).
Kiesecker, J. M., Copeland, H., Pocewicz, A. & McKenney, B. Development by design: blending landscape-level planning with the mitigation hierarchy. Front. Ecol. Environ. 8, 261–266 (2010).
Hannah, L. et al. The environmental consequences of climate-driven agricultural frontiers. PLoS ONE 15, e0228305 (2020).
Hannah, L. et al. 30% land conservation and climate action reduces tropical extinction risk by more than 50%. Ecography 43, 943–953 (2020).
Chaplin-Kramer, R. et al. Mapping the planet’s critical natural assets for people. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-1102108/v1 (2022).
Jung, M. et al. Areas of global importance for conserving terrestrial biodiversity, carbon and water. Nat. Ecol. Evolution 5, 1499–1509 (2021).
Neugarten, R. A. et al. Mapping the planet’s critical areas for biodiversity and nature’s contributions to people. Nat. Commun. 15, 261 (2024).
Strassburg, B. B. N. et al. Global priority areas for ecosystem restoration. Nature 586, 724–729 (2020).
Kehoe, L. et al. Biodiversity at risk under future cropland expansion and intensification. Nat. Ecol. Evol. 1, 1129–1135 (2017).
Williams, D. R. et al. Proactive conservation to prevent habitat losses to agricultural expansion. Nat. Sustain. 4, 314–322 (2021).
Dunnett, S., Holland, R. A., Taylor, G. & Eigenbrod, F. Predicted wind and solar energy expansion has minimal overlap with multiple conservation priorities across global regions. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 119, e2104764119 (2022).
Kiesecker, J. et al. Hitting the target but missing the mark: unintended environmental consequences of the Paris Climate Agreement. Front. Environ. Sci. 7, 151 (2019).
Rehbein, J. A. et al. Renewable energy development threatens many globally important biodiversity areas. Glob. Change Biol. 26, 3040–3051 (2020).
IUCN. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Version 2021-2. https://www.iucnredlist.org (2021).
BirdLife International. BirdLife International and Handbook of the Birds of the World bird species distribution maps of the world. Version 2020.1. Available at http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/requestdis (2020).
Hanson, J. O. et al. Global conservation of species’ niches. Nature 580, 7802 (2020).
Rodrigues, A. S. L. et al. Effectiveness of the global protected area network in representing species diversity. Nature 428, 6983 (2004).
Noon, M. L. et al. Mapping the irrecoverable carbon in Earth’s ecosystems. Nat. Sustain. 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41893-021-00803-6 (2021).
Díaz, S. et al. Assessing nature’s contributions to people. Science 359, 270–272 (2018).
Hanson, J. O. et al. prioritizr: systematic conservation prioritization in R. https://prioritizr.net (2023).
Beyer, H. L., Dujardin, Y., Watts, M. E. & Possingham, H. P. Solving conservation planning problems with integer linear programming. Ecol. Model. 328, 14–22 (2016).
Schuster, R., Hanson, J. O., Strimas-Mackey, M. & Bennett, J. R. Exact integer linear programming solvers outperform simulated annealing for solving conservation planning problems. PeerJ 8, e9258 (2020).
Bolinger, M. & Bolinger, G. Land requirements for utility-scale PV: an empirical update on power and energy density. IEEE J. Photovolt. 12, 589–594 (2022).
Baruch-Mordo, S., Kiesecker, J. M., Kennedy, C. M., Oakleaf, J. R. & Opperman, J. J. From Paris to practice: sustainable implementation of renewable energy goals. Environ. Res. Lett. 14, 024013 (2019).
Kumara, H. N. et al. Responses of birds and mammals to long-established wind farms in India. Sci. Rep. 12, 1339 (2022).
Conkling, T. J. et al. Vulnerability of avian populations to renewable energy production. R. Soc. Open Sci. 9, 211558 (2022).
Kiesecker, J. M. et al. Land use and Europe’s renewable energy transition: Identifying low-conflict areas for wind and solar development. Front. Environ. Sci, 12, https://doi.org/10.3389/fenvs.2024.1355508 (2024).
Oakleaf, J. R. et al. Mapping global development potential for renewable energy, fossil fuels, mining and agriculture sectors. Sci. Data 6, 101 (2019).
Fargione, J., Hill, J., Tilman, D., Polasky, S. & Hawthorne, P. Land clearing and the biofuel carbon debt. Science 319, 1235–1238 (2008).
Ortiz, A. et al. An artificial intelligence dataset for solar energy locations in India. Sci. Data 9, 497 (2022).
Keles, D., Choumert-Nkolo, J., Combes Motel, P. & Nazindigouba Kéré, E. Does the expansion of biofuels encroach on the forest? J. For. Econ. 33, 75–82 (2018).
Zhang, P. et al. Revisiting the land use conflicts between forests and solar farms through energy efficiency. J. Clean. Prod. 434, 139958 (2024).
Heiner, M. et al. Moving from reactive to proactive development planning to conserve Indigenous community and biodiversity values. Environ. Impact Assess. Rev. 74, 1–13 (2019).
Kennedy, C. M. et al. Indigenous Peoples’ lands are threatened by industrial development; conversion risk assessment reveals need to support Indigenous stewardship. One Earth 6, 1032–1049 (2023).
Garrett, R. D. et al. Criteria for effective zero-deforestation commitments. Glob. Environ. Change 54, 135–147 (2019).
Fagan, M. E., Reid, J. L., Holland, M. B., Drew, J. G. & Zahawi, R. A. How feasible are global forest restoration commitments? Conserv. Lett. 13, e12700 (2020).
Folberth, C. et al. The global cropland-sparing potential of high-yield farming. Nat. Sustain. 3, 281–289 (2020).
Mauser, W. et al. Global biomass development potentials exceed expected future demand without the need for cropland expansion. Nat. Commun. 6, 8946 (2015).
Deshmukh, R., Wu, G. C., Callaway, D. S. & Phadke, A. Geospatial and techno-economic analysis of wind and solar resources in India. Renew. Energy 134, 947–960 (2019).
Maguire, K., Tanner, S. J., Winikoff, J. B., & Williams, R. Utility-Scale Solar and Wind Development in Rural Areas: Land Cover Change (2009–20). Report No. ERR-330. (U. S. Department of Agriculture, Economic Research Service, 2024).
Ravi, S. et al. Colocation opportunities for large solar infrastructures and agriculture in drylands. Appl. Energy 165, 383–392 (2016).
Miskin, C. K. et al. Sustainable co-development of food and solar power to relax land-use constraints. Nat. Sustain. 2, 972–980 (2019).
Hernandez, R. R. et al. Techno–ecological synergies of solar energy for global sustainability. Nat. Sustain. 2, 560–568 (2019).
Adeh, E. H., Good, S. P., Calaf, M. & Higgins, C. W. Solar PV power potential is greatest over croplands. Sci. Rep. 9, 11442 (2019).
Battersby, S. How to expand solar power without using precious land. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 120, e2301355120 (2023).
Hernandez, R. R., Hoffacker, M. K. & Field, C. B. Efficient use of land to meet sustainable energy needs. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 353–358 (2015).
Joshi, S. et al. High resolution global spatiotemporal assessment of rooftop solar photovoltaics potential for renewable electricity generation. Nat. Commun. 12, 5738 (2021).
Rehling, F., Delius, A., Ellerbrok, J., Farwig, N. & Peter, F. Wind turbines in managed forests partially displace common birds. J. Environ. Manag. 328, 116968 (2023).
Phalan, B., Onial, M., Balmford, A. & Green, R. E. Reconciling food production and biodiversity conservation: land sharing and land sparing compared. Science 333, 1289–1291 (2011).
Dhar, A., Naeth, M. A., Jennings, P. D. & Gamal El-Din, M. Perspectives on environmental impacts and a land reclamation strategy for solar and wind energy systems. Sci. Total Environ. 718, 134602 (2020).
Kremen, C. & Merenlender, A. M. Landscapes that work for biodiversity and people. Science 362, eaau6020 (2018).
Wellig, S. D. et al. Mitigating the negative impacts of tall wind turbines on bats: Vertical activity profiles and relationships to wind speed. PLoS ONE 13, e0192493 (2018).
Gernaat, D. E. H. J. et al. Climate change impacts on renewable energy supply. Nat. Clim. Change 11, 119–125 (2021).
Weiskopf, S. R. et al. Climate change effects on biodiversity, ecosystems, ecosystem services, and natural resource management in the United States. Sci. Total Environ. 733, 137782 (2020).
Mishra, A. et al. Land use change and carbon emissions of a transformation to timber cities. Nat. Commun. 13, 4889 (2022).
Chen, G. et al. Global projections of future urban land expansion under shared socioeconomic pathways. Nat. Commun. 11, 537 (2020).
Arponen, A., Lehtomäki, J., Leppänen, J., Tomppo, E. & Moilanen, A. Effects of connectivity and spatial resolution of analyses on conservation prioritization across large extents. Conserv. Biol. 26, 294–304 (2012).
Shen, X. et al. Countries’ differentiated responsibilities to fulfill area-based conservation targets of the Kunming-Montreal Global Biodiversity Framework. One Earth 6, 548–559 (2023).
Baumann, M. et al. Frontier metrics for a process-based understanding of deforestation dynamics. Environ. Res. Lett. 17, 095010 (2022).
Piquer-Rodríguez, M., Aragón, R., Pacheco, S., Malizia, S. & Zunino, H. Co-production of sustainability indicators in a vulnerable South American agricultural frontier. Reg. Environ. Change 24, 171 (2024).
Bromley-Trujillo, R. & Holman, M. R. Climate change policymaking in the states: a view at 2020. Publius J. Fed. 50, 446–472 (2020).
Frazier, A. E. Placing landscape ecology in the global context. Landsc. Ecol. 39, 130 (2024).
Johnson, J. A. et al. The meso scale as a frontier in interdisciplinary modeling of sustainability from local to global scales. Environ. Res. Lett. 18, 025007 (2023).
Chaplin-Kramer, R. et al. Conservation needs to integrate knowledge across scales. Nat. Ecol. Evol. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-021-01605-x (2021).
Gurobi Optimization, LLC. Gurobi Optimizer (Version 10). Houston, Texas: Gurobi Optimization, Inc. https://www.gurobi.com (2022).
Fischer, G. et al. Global Agro-Ecological Zones v4 – Model documentation. https://doi.org/10.4060/cb4744e (FAO, 2021).
Hijmans, R. J. terra: Spatial Data Analysis. R package version 1.7–23. https://CRAN.R-project.org/package=terra (2023).
Kennedy, C. M., Oakleaf, J. R., Theobald, D. M., Baruch-Mordo, S. & Kiesecker, J. Managing the middle: a shift in conservation priorities based on the global human modification gradient. Glob. Change Biol. 25, 811–826 (2019).
Hanson, J. O. et al. A comparison of approaches for including connectivity in systematic conservation planning. J. Appl. Ecol. 1365–2664.14251, https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14251 (2022).
Massicotte P., South A. rnaturalearth: World Map Data from Natural Earth. https://docs.ropensci.org/rnaturalearth/ (2023).
R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. https://www.R-project.org/ (2021).
FAOSTAT. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO). FAOSTAT Database. http://faostat.fao.org/site/291/default.aspx (2016).
Jacobson, M. Z. et al. Impacts of green new deal energy plans on grid stability, costs, jobs, health, and climate in 143 Countries. One Earth 1, 449–463 (2019).
IRENA. Renewable Capacity Statistics 2023 (International Renewable Energy Agency, 2023).
Chen, G., Li, X. & Liu, X. Global land projection based on plant functional types with a 1-km resolution under socio-climatic scenarios. Sci. Data 9, 125 (2022).
Hanson, J. O. wdpar: Interface to the World Database on Protected Areas (JOSS, 2022).
Brooks, T. M. et al. Measuring terrestrial area of habitat (AOH) and its utility for the IUCN Red List. Trends Ecol. Evol. 34, 977–986 (2019).
Santini, L. et al. Applying habitat and population-density models to land-cover time series to inform IUCN Red List assessments. Conserv. Biol. 33, 1084–1093 (2019).
UNEP-WCMC and IUCN. Protected planet: the World Database on Protected Areas (WDPA). https://www.protectedplanet.net (2021).
Bad news for gamers: the much-hyped Steam Machine, long rumored to see the light of day in the first half of 2026, may be delayed even longer due to memory and storage shortages and the…
You don’t have permission to access “http://www.olympics.com/en/milano-cortina-2026/paralympic-games/news/jack-wallace-exclusive-para-ice-hockey-threepeat-la28-home-games/” on this server.
Reference…
The Seminoles are 2-1 at home this season, averaging more than 12 goals per game inside the Seminole…
Astrophotographer Ogetay Kayali has captured a nebula resembling a jellyfish — or possibly a brain, depending on your perspective — shining 5,000…
Above: Daisy Edgar-Jones at the Bottega Veneta Fall-Winter 2026 show.
Upon walking into Bottega Veneta’s Fall-Winter 2026 show at the Palazzo San Fedele in Milan on February 28, Basic.Space founder Jesse Lee was floored by what he saw….