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  • New yeast model sheds light on proteasome and mitochondrial interaction

    New yeast model sheds light on proteasome and mitochondrial interaction

    A study by the Center for Redox Processes in Biomedicine (Redoxoma) led by Marilene Demasi from the Butantan Institute (São Paulo, Brazil) presents a valuable new experimental model for investigating the interaction between the proteasome and mitochondrial function. In eukaryotic cells, the proteasome is a protein complex responsible for eliminating damaged and nonfunctional proteins, thereby helping to maintain cellular balance and proper functioning.

    In recent years, studies have revealed that the proteasome and mitochondria are more closely connected than previously thought. The proteasome plays a role in the quality control of proteins destined for the mitochondria, while mitochondrial metabolism affects the efficiency with which proteins marked for destruction are degraded.

    Redoxoma, a Research, Innovation and Dissemination Center (RIDC) of FAPESP based at the University of São Paulo’s Institute of Chemistry (IQ-USP) conducted research focusing on the effects of proteasome dysfunction in the C76S mutant strain of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The study revealed that deficiency in this system leads to increased mitochondrial oxidative stress. This was evidenced by increased hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) release and a lower peroxiredoxin 1 (Prx1) concentration. Prx1 is a crucial enzyme in the removal of peroxides. In mammals, mitochondrial Prx3 is equivalent to Prx1 in yeast.

    The most important thing about this work is that we’ve a yeast strain that can serve as a model for investigating proteasome deficiency in relation to mitochondrial metabolism, a model that didn’t yet exist in the literature.”


    Marilene Demasi, Butantan Institute

    The study was published in an article in the journal Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics.

    Next steps

    The researchers are now working to understand why Prx1 levels decrease in cells with compromised proteasomes. “We don’t yet know if there was a decrease in Prx1 gene expression, which is possible, since the proteasome also plays a role in gene transcription regulation, or if the protein oxidizes more. It may hyperoxidize and, as a result, be degraded more. Perhaps the excess peroxide is promoting its continuous degradation,” says the researcher at the Butantan Institute.

    To answer these questions, the group plans to conduct comparative transcriptome and proteomic analyses of the wild and mutant strains cultivated under respiratory conditions. The goal is to establish this strain as a model for studying the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in cell metabolism.

    Source:

    São Paulo Research Foundation (FAPESP)

    Journal reference:

    Avellaneda Penatti, N. M., et al. (2025). Decreased levels of Prx1 are associated with proteasome impairment and mitochondrial dysfunction in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics. doi.org/10.1016/j.abb.2025.110406.

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  • UK MP calls for action against Mehwish Hayat, Honey Singh over music video featuring kids with guns – Culture

    UK MP calls for action against Mehwish Hayat, Honey Singh over music video featuring kids with guns – Culture

    Actor Mehwish Hayat and Indian rapper Yo Yo Honey Singh are under scrutiny in the UK after a music video featuring children wielding imitation firearms triggered an official complaint to the British government, reported Deadline.

    The video in question, for the song ‘Jatt Mehkma’, has amassed nearly 40 million views on YouTube since its release last November. While the track continues to enjoy success on YouTube, it has sparked concern among UK officials and social commentators for what critics call a “disturbing glorification of violence.”

    Mehwish Hayat has denied any action against her, saying, “These claims are entirely speculative and misleading. I urge responsible media platforms to verify facts before sharing such narratives, especially when they can cause harm and perpetuate false assumptions. All such targeted misinformation is being documented.”

    British MP Manuela Perteghella, who represents Stratford-upon-Avon in the West Midlands, has formally raised the issue with the UK Home Office, according to the publication. The four-minute video was reportedly filmed at Eastnor Castle in Herefordshire and in Birmingham’s city centre. It ends with four young boys joining Hayat’s character and opening fire, using replica automatic weapons and shotguns, on a group of men.

    Sources told Deadline that the Home Office is considering issuing exclusion orders against both Hayat and Singh, which would effectively bar them from entering the country. Such bans are typically not made public and the individuals concerned would be notified in writing of the action. No legal proceedings have been announced so far.

    “There are serious concerns about the use of imitation firearms and exposing minors to violent themes,” a source familiar with the matter said.

    Hayat, who was featured in Marvel’s Ms. Marvel series and is known for hit Pakistani films like Load Wedding and Actor in Law, has not commented on the complaint. Singh, one of India’s most recognisable hip-hop stars and the subject of the Netflix documentary Yo Yo Honey Singh: Famous, has also remained silent.

    The video was directed by Mihir Gulati, with production support from UK-based Blue Bling Production House. However, its founder, Vipulkumar Sharma, clarified that his team only handled logistical aspects of the shoot.

    The backlash has not just come from politicians. Shaykh Paul Salahuddin Armstrong, director of the Association of British Muslims and a chaplain at the University of Birmingham, also voiced strong criticism.

    “As someone who has worked with vulnerable youth for nearly two decades, I find this incident profoundly disturbing,” he told the outlet. “To see British children brandishing imitation firearms in a stylised gang scene, filmed on our soil and facilitated by UK production companies, is not only a moral failure, but potentially a legal one.

    “This is not art. It is the reckless glorification of violence, dressed up as cultural entertainment,” he added.

    The video’s popularity has also prompted discussions around media regulation. Armstrong called on child protection authorities to investigate, although the UK media regulator Ofcom has limited jurisdiction over online music videos.

    In light of the controversy, ‘Jatt Mehkma’ is reportedly no longer being considered for future BBC Asian Network playlists. A BBC spokesperson stated that each track is evaluated based on its musical merit and relevance to the station’s audience.

    The UK Home Office, West Midlands Police, and other authorities involved have declined to give a comment to Deadline.

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  • SCO proved world is listening to Pakistan, not India: Khawaja Asif – Pakistan

    SCO proved world is listening to Pakistan, not India: Khawaja Asif – Pakistan

    Defence Minister Khawaja Asif on Monday said that Pakistan’s stance was recognised and upheld during the recent Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) summit, where India was unable to assert its position.

    Speaking to a private news channel, the minister said that Pakistan’s position was based on facts and justice, which is why it was acknowledged at the SCO platform, despite Indian efforts.

    He strongly criticised India for what he called “water terrorism”, accusing New Delhi of attempting to hold 240 million Pakistanis hostage by manipulating shared water resources.

    “No party has the right to unilaterally suspend the Indus Waters Treaty, which remains binding under international law,” he emphasised.

    Answering a question, he said that Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi’s political future is in decline, especially after India’s failure on the military and diplomatic fronts. He further said that Modi was trying to salvage political respect through fabricated narratives.

    “After repeated setbacks, Modi’s era of misleading the public is coming to an end,” he stated.

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  • ‘It’s important to talk about these things’: exhibition highlights destroyed Middle Eastern heritage sites | Art

    ‘It’s important to talk about these things’: exhibition highlights destroyed Middle Eastern heritage sites | Art

    The exhibition is bright, beautiful and melancholy: an exploration of the loss of cultural and heritage sites in the Middle East destroyed by conflict and unsympathetic development.

    Standing by the Ruins, a show by the Palestinian-Saudi artist Dana Awartani includes a recreation of an ancient bathhouse floor in Gaza believed to have been destroyed in Israeli attacks.

    Another highlight of the exhibition, which has opened in Bristol, is a room dominated by billowing sheets of colourful silk representing a map of the Middle East with cultural sites that have been lost pinpointed by rips in the fabric.

    A third space at the Arnolfini on Bristol’s harbourside features a recreation of another floor, this one appearing to be made of the sort of tiles typically found in the old quarter of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia. Actually, it is made out of sand, a reminder of the fragility of such features as the buildings they are housed in are knocked down or modernised.

    Tiles typically found in the old quarter of Jeddah in Saudi Arabia, recreated out of sand. Photograph: Adrian Sherratt/The Guardian

    Dana Awartani has a diverse background. Her father is Palestinian while her mother is Palestinian and Syrian. Awartani was born and raised in Saudi Arabia and has Jordanian nationality.

    She said the work in her exhibition, her first solo public gallery show in Europe, was inspired by the “strange dichotomy” of some countries in the Gulf booming while places such as Syria and Palestine were “obliterated”.

    Awartani said: “The destruction of cultural heritage creates a sense of displacement in the local population. If you remember what happened with Notre Dame, it was devastating seeing it burned to the ground. It’s the same thing, but hundreds of Notre Dames.”

    Dana Awartani with Standing By the Ruins. The piece recreates an ancient bathhouse floor in Gaza believed to have been destroyed in Israeli attacks. Photograph: Adrian Sherratt/The Guardian

    The first piece the visitor comes upon are recreations of the red, black and white floor of the Hamam al-Sammara in Gaza, one of the oldest bathhouses in the region but which is now believed to have been destroyed.

    Awartani worked with a collective of adobe brickmakers – craftspeople of Syrian, Afghan and Pakistani origin – and deliberately omitted the final binding agent so the work, called Standing by the Ruins III (2025), is delicate.

    The second large-scale piece, Come, Let Me Heal Your Wounds. Let Me Mend Your Broken Bones (2024), was created for the Venice Biennale last year. Sheets of handmade Indian silk are dyed with medicinal herbs and spices and represent maps of countries in the Middle East.

    Awartani tore spots on the “maps” that matched sites where archaeological or cultural sites have been damaged. She then darned them. “It’s a cathartic, meditative experience where you’re mending something.” Sadly, since Venice, she has had to expand the work to take in new sites that have been wrecked.

    It took two technicians six days to set up the third large piece at the Arnolfini. The work is called I Went Away and Forgot You. A While Ago I Remembered. I Remembered I’d Forgotten You. I Was Dreaming (2017) and is the recreation of a Jeddah floor made out of sand.

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    Asked how it felt to see the works displayed in Bristol, Awartani said: “It’s really touching and moving for me to have that space to talk about it, you know, a safe space to be able to talk about what’s happening.

    “I live in New York, which is a very different landscape politically, especially now. There’s mass censorship happening, cancellations of artists. I don’t feel that in the UK so far. It’s important to talk about these things.”

    The exhibition runs until 28 September 2025. For details https://arnolfini.org.uk/

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  • Back from the dead: can the new Fast and Furious movie really ‘reunite’ Vin Diesel and Paul Walker? | Film

    Back from the dead: can the new Fast and Furious movie really ‘reunite’ Vin Diesel and Paul Walker? | Film

    If you’re a fan of the Fast and Furious franchise – and you’re only human, so of course you are – then you’ll know that Fast X ended on one of the most operatically daft cliffhangers of all time. In short, Ludacris and Tyrese Gibson are apparently dead, having been shot out of the sky by a double agent. Vin Diesel seems certain to die, having ended the film at the bottom of a dam that Jason Momoa just exploded. And Gal Gadot is back. And the Rock is back.

    All these threads need to be resolved urgently. And yet, Fast X was a box-office disappointment. The fourth most expensive film ever made, Fast X was the fifth highest-grossing film of 2023 and still managed to lose $20m. And suddenly the prospects of a sequel looked dimmer and dimmer. Or at least they did, until Vin Diesel stumbled across a foolproof plan to revive the franchise forever: human resurrection.

    This weekend, Diesel appeared at FuelFest, a car enthusiast event in California. During his speech, Diesel gave an insight into how Fast and Furious 11 could make people excited about the series again. “The studio said to me, ‘Vin, can we please have the finale of Fast and Furious [in] April 2027?’ I said, ‘Under three conditions.’ First is to bring the franchise back to LA! The second thing was to return to the car culture, to the street racing! The third thing was reuniting Dom and Brian O’Conner.”

    Now, within the context of Fast X, none of these things make sense. You cannot make a film where Rome gets nuked and Spain is devastated by a 30bn-gallon dam collapse, and then pretend like none of it happened so you can make a scaled-back little car-racing film in LA. Unless Fast 11 starts with Dominic Toretto waking up in a cold sweat and growling “Woah, I thought I was involved in one of the most egregiously ugly CGI blowouts in all of movie history, but it was just a crazy dream!” then the series cannot simply reset itself like this.

    More worrying, though, is the promise to reunite Toretto and Brian O’Conner. This is for the simple reason that O’Conner was played by Paul Walker, and Paul Walker died 12 years ago. Needless to say, that didn’t stop them before. When Walker died, he was in the middle of making Furious 7, and production brought in his brothers to act as body doubles before VFX house Weta grafted a digital copy of Walker’s face on top of it. The results were actually fairly convincing, but this is arguably because the job was easier. The bulk of Walker’s performance had already been committed to tape, so they could carefully weave in additional shots without drawing too much attention.

    But bringing the character back for an entirely new performance is something else entirely. They would have to create a digital Walker from scratch, and then convincingly voice him. You don’t need to be told that it’s tough to do it well. The Star Wars series has tried it repeatedly, with everyone from Peter Cushing to Carrie Fisher, and there is always something creepily plastic about the execution. Not even turning Harold Ramis into a ghost for Ghostbusters: Afterlife could mask how off-putting he looked. And the orgy of digitally created multiverse cameos that ended The Flash was the ugliest thing to be put on screen since, well, Vin Diesel drove down the side of a dam.

    Surely the Fast and Furious franchise doesn’t need to debase itself by taking a beloved co-star and yanking him around like a puppet. You have to imagine that Diesel’s intention is to cut back on the full-tilt bombast and return to something with real emotional depth, but in reality that means he’ll have to spend a lot of his time emoting at a tennis ball, which doesn’t exactly scream nuance.

    Plus, as much as I hate to say it, people don’t go and see Fast and Furious films for emotional complexity. They go because they want to see stuff smash into other stuff, ideally when some of it is on fire. If Fast 11 wants to pay tribute to Walker, then doing it in the credits might be the best way to go. After all, it’s hard to pay tribute to a colleague when there’s an exploding dam to outrun.

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  • PM Laptop Scheme 2025 Merit List; Download PDF here

    PM Laptop Scheme 2025 Merit List; Download PDF here

    ISLAMABAD – Wait for shining students is over as Higher Education Commission (HEC) officially unveiled provincial merit list for PM Youth Laptop Scheme 2025.

    With stakes high and competition fierce, students are now flocking to the university’s online portal to find out if they’ve made the cut. The list confirms whether students have been selected, waitlisted, or marked ineligible due to academic or administrative issues.

    Several universities posted the merit list on campus notice boards, the official university website, and social media platforms. Specially appointed Student Focal Persons (SFPs) are on standby to assist students in checking their status and submitting any objections.

    PM Laptop Scheme Merit List 2025

    The above list is of Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam

    For those who think they’ve been wrongly rejected, July 4, 2025, is the final date to raise objections or submit corrections with proper documentation.

    University officials are urging students not to delay. “This is a golden opportunity,” officials said. “If you believe you’re eligible, don’t wait. Check your status, and if there’s an issue, act fast.”

    Pm Laptop Scheme 2025 Merit List Download Pdf Here

    Prime Minister’s Youth Laptop Scheme is a flagship initiative aimed at empowering bright minds with digital tools for learning, innovation, and research. With thousands of laptops up for grabs, the competition is intense — and for many students, this could be a life-changing moment.

    Criteria

    Category Details
    Eligibility
    University Type Public sector universities/HEC-recognized degree-awarding institutes
    Programs Eligible PhD, MS/MPhil (18 years), 1.5 & 2-year master’s, 4 or 5-year bachelor’s
    Shifts Morning and evening
    Academic Requirement ≥ 70% marks / 2.80 CGPA (semester system) OR ≥ 60% marks (annual system)
    Ineligibility
    Institution Type Private sector institutions
    Repeat Applicants Students who already received a laptop under federal/provincial schemes
    College Type Government degree colleges or affiliated colleges
    Nationality Foreign nationals (except AJK students)
    Application Method Applications not submitted via official portal

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  • The Middle East still fears Israel – and Iran – Chatham House

    1. The Middle East still fears Israel – and Iran  Chatham House
    2. Iran, Israel scorecard  Dawn
    3. The dangerous new normal in Middle East  The Express Tribune
    4. After War With Israel and U.S., Iran Rests on a Knife Edge  The New York Times
    5. Updates: Israel forces slaughter dozens in Gaza after seven soldiers killed  Al Jazeera

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  • Security plan put in place for Muharram: Mohsin – RADIO PAKISTAN

    1. Security plan put in place for Muharram: Mohsin  RADIO PAKISTAN
    2. Bilal Azhar Kayani reviews security and administrative measures for Muharram  Ptv.com.pk
    3. Over 20,000 cops deployed for security in Karachi during Muharram  Dawn
    4. Sindh seeks suspension of cellular services on 10th Muharram  Geo.tv
    5. CM warns against hate speech  The Express Tribune

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  • JWST unlocks 10-billion-year mystery of how galaxies shape themselves

    JWST unlocks 10-billion-year mystery of how galaxies shape themselves

    Many galaxies, including our own Milky Way, are characterized by a flat, extended, rotating stellar disk. These disk galaxies commonly contain two main parts: a thin disk and a thick disk. The thin disk contains younger, metal-rich stars, while the thick disk contains older, metal-poor stars. These distinct components hold fossil records that help astronomers understand how galaxies form stars, build up elements like oxygen and carbon, essential for life, and evolve into their present shapes.

    Until now, thin and thick disks have only been identified in the Milky Way and nearby galaxies. It has been impossible with previous telescopes to distinguish the thin edge of a distant galaxy when viewed from the side.

    That changed with the launching of the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) in 2021, which is currently the largest telescope in space.

    An international team of researchers has examined 111 JWST images of distant edge-on galaxies, ones where the alignments enabled the researchers to observe the galaxies’ vertical disk structures.

    Takafumi Tsukui (formerly of the Australian National University and now based at Tohoku University), who led the research team, says that observing distant galaxies is like using a time machine, allowing us to see how galaxies have built their disks over cosmic history.

    “Thanks to the JWST’s sharp vision, we were able to identify thin and thick disks in galaxies beyond our local universe, some going as far back as 10 billion years ago.”

    The study revealed a consistent trend: in the earlier universe, more galaxies appear to have had a single thick disk, while in later epochs, more galaxies showed a two-layered structure with an additional thin disk component. This suggests that galaxies first formed a thick disk, followed by the formation of a thin disk within it. In more massive galaxies, this thin disk appears to have formed earlier.

    The study estimated the thin disk formation time for Milky Way-sized galaxies to be around 8 billion years ago. This figure aligns with formation timelines for the Milky Way itself, where stellar ages can be measured.

    To understand the revealed sequential formation from thick to thin disks and the corresponding formation timelines, the team not only examined the stellar structure but also the motion of gas, direct ingredients of stars obtained from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) and ground-based surveys in the literature. These observations supported a coherent formation scenario:

    • In the early universe, galactic disks are rich in gas and highly turbulent
    • Intense star formation in the turbulent disks gives rise to thick stellar disks
    • As stellar disks develop, they help stabilize the gas disks and reduce the turbulence
    • As the disk calms, a thin stellar disk forms inside the pre-developed thick stellar disks
    • Whereas larger galaxies can efficiently convert gas into stars, forming thin disks earlier

    Tsukui emphasizes that the images provided by JWST help answer one of the biggest questions in astronomy: was our galaxy’s formation typical or unique? “The JWST images provided a window into galaxies that resemble the Milky Way’s early state, bringing us valuable insights from galaxies far away.”

    The team hopes that their study will help bridge studies of nearby galaxies with far away ones and refine our understanding of disk formation. The study was published in the journal Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society on June 26, 2025.

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  • PM directs making Islamabad pilot smart city: Shaza Fatima

    PM directs making Islamabad pilot smart city: Shaza Fatima

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    ISLAMABAD, Jun 30 (APP): Federal Minister for Information Technology and Telecommunication, Shaza Fatima Khawaja, said on Monday that Prime Minister Muhammad Shehbaz Sharif has directed the transformation of Islamabad into a pilot smart city under an integrated strategy using emerging technologies.
    In a statement, the minister outlined several key initiatives of the Ministry of IT aimed at expanding digital connectivity and improving access to education and healthcare through technology.
    She revealed that the Ministry has already funded fiber optic connectivity to all public schools, Basic Health Units (BHUs), and healthcare centers in Islamabad. “Within the next six to eight months, all hospitals, schools, and police stations in the capital will be fully fiberized,” she stated.
    Free public Wi-Fi will also be made available at specific locations, including metro bus stations and other public spaces, through public-private partnerships, she added.
    The minister said that the Ministry of Education was fully cooperating in the digital transformation drive. Remote regions will benefit from EdTech (Education Technology) solutions to ensure learning continuity, she added.
    In line with the Prime Minister’s vision of universal access to education, she said Artificial Intelligence and other emerging technologies would be introduced from kindergarten through grade six. “The Prime Minister wants every child in Islamabad to receive education,” she stressed.
    This smart education model, she said, would eventually be extended to Gilgit-Baltistan and other remote areas to provide quality digital learning even in the most isolated schools.
    On the health front, the Ministry of IT is working with the Ministry of Health on a “One Patient, One ID” initiative to streamline healthcare records and services nationwide. Internet access is being ensured at BHUs to enable telemedicine, allowing patients to consult medical experts online.
    To promote digital literacy, she said the Prime Minister has formed a special committee to integrate IT education into the national curriculum.
    Highlighting efforts in IT capacity-building, the minister said the government aims to train 500,000 youth in advanced digital skills. She noted that Google will train 200,000 students, Huawei 300,000, and Microsoft 200,000, preparing them to meet international job market standards.
    “Boys and girls will start learning AI from the primary level so that they can excel in the digital economy,” she added. “We are taking coordinated steps to build a globally competitive national IT workforce.”

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