When the United States launched Operation Epic Fury last Saturday, the Trump administration had a major communications question to figure out: how to explain to the American public, Congress, and the world why it had just started a war with Iran.

When the United States launched Operation Epic Fury last Saturday, the Trump administration had a major communications question to figure out: how to explain to the American public, Congress, and the world why it had just started a war with Iran.

The surprise offer by the president of Iran, Masoud Pezeshkian, to not attack countries in the neighbourhood so long as their airspace and US bases within their territories are not used to attack Iran has provoked a storm inside the country as…
IPCC WGII et al. Climate Change 2022: Impacts, Adaptation, and Vulnerability. Contribution of Working Group II to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (Cambridge University Press, 2022).
Krabbe, O. et al. Aligning corporate greenhouse-gas emissions targets with climate goals. Nat. Clim. Change 5, 1057–1060 (2015).
Bjørn, A., Lloyd, S. & Matthews, D. From the Paris Agreement to corporate climate commitments: evaluation of seven methods for setting ‘science-based’emission targets. Environ. Res. Lett. 16, 054019 (2021).
Faria, P. C. S. & Labutong, N. A description of four science-based corporate GHG target-setting methods. Sustain. Account. Manag. Policy J. 11, 591–612 (2020).
Giesekam, J., Norman, J., Garvey, A. & Betts-Davies, S. Science-based targets: on target? Sustainability 13, 1657 (2021).
Bolton, P., Kacperczyk, M. & Samama, F. Net-zero carbon portfolio alignment. Financ. Anal. J. 78, 19–33 (2022).
Roncalli, T. Handbook of sustainable finance. Available at SSRN 4277875 (SSRN, 2022).
Cenci, S., Burato, M., Rei, M. & Zollo, M. The alignment of companies’ sustainability behavior and emissions with global climate targets. Nat. Commun. 14, 7831 (2023).
Nguyen, Q., Diaz-Rainey, I. & Kuruppuarachchi, D. Predicting corporate carbon footprints for climate finance risk analyses: a machine learning approach. Energy Econ. 95, 105129 (2021).
Assael, J., Heurtebize, T., Carlier, L. & Soupé, F. Greenhouse gases emissions: estimating corporate non-reported emissions using interpretable machine learning. Sustainability 15, 3391 (2023).
Goldhammer, B., Busse, C. & Busch, T. Estimating corporate carbon footprints with externally available data. J. Ind. Ecol. 21, 1165–1179 (2017).
Klaaßen, L. & Stoll, C. Harmonizing corporate carbon footprints. Nat. Commun. 12, 1–13 (2021).
Busch, T., Johnson, M. & Pioch, T. Corporate carbon performance data: Quo vadis? J. Ind. Ecol. 26, 350–363 (2022).
Fennell, P., Driver, J., Bataille, C. & Davis, S. J. Cement and steel-nine steps to net zero. Nature 603, 574–577 (2022).
Davis, S. J. et al. Net-zero emissions energy systems. Science 360, eaas9793 (2018).
Lei, T. et al. Global iron and steel plant CO2 emissions and carbon-neutrality pathways. Nature 622, 514–520 (2023).
Vogl, V., Olsson, O. & Nykvist, B. Phasing out the blast furnace to meet global climate targets. Joule 5, 2646–2662 (2021).
Rekker, S., Ives, M., Wade, B., Webb, L. & Greig, C. Measuring corporate Paris compliance using a strict science-based approach. Nat. Commun. 13, 4441 (2022).
Sun, T., Ocko, I. B., Sturcken, E. & Hamburg, S. P. Path to net zero is critical to climate outcome. Sci. Rep. 11, 22173 (2021).
Rogelj, J., Geden, O., Cowie, A. & Reisinger, A. Net-zero emissions targets are vague: three ways to fix. Nature 591, 365–368 (2021).
Kühne, K., Bartsch, N., Tate, R. D., Higson, J. & Habet, A. “Carbon Bombs” – Mapping key fossil fuel projects. Energy Policy 166, 112950 (2022).
Pfeiffer, A., Millar, R., Hepburn, C. & Beinhocker, E. The “2∘ C capital stock” for electricity generation: committed cumulative carbon emissions from the electricity generation sector and the transition to a green economy. Appl. Energy 179, 1395–1408 (2016).
Pfeiffer, A., Hepburn, C., Vogt-Schilb, A. & Caldecott, B. Committed emissions from existing and planned power plants and asset stranding required to meet the Paris Agreement. Environ. Res. Lett. 13, 054019 (2018).
Tong, D. et al. Committed emissions from existing energy infrastructure jeopardize 1. 5∘ C climate target. Nature 572, 373–377 (2019).
Fraser, A. & Fiedler, T. Net-zero targets for investment portfolios: an analysis of financed emissions metrics. Energy Econ. 126, 106917 (2023).
Hasanbeigi, A. Steel Climate Impact – An International benchmarking of Energy and CO2 Intensities (Global Efficiency Intelligence, 2022).
Zhang, J. et al. Iron and steel industry emissions: a global analysis of trends and drivers. Environ. Sci. Technol. 57, 16477–16488 (2023).
Tikadar, B., Swami, D. & Chowdhary, V. Process-level emission analysis and decarbonization pathway for bf-bof route in indian iron and steel industry. J. Environ. Manag. 373, 123483 (2025).
Tanaka, K., Matsuhashi, R., Masahiro, N. & Kudo, H. CO2 reduction potential by energy efficient technology in energy intensive industry. In Proc. Industry Expert Review Meeting, IPCC Working Group III (Fourth Assessment) (IPCC, 2006).
Barbato, G., Barini, E., Genta, G. & Levi, R. Features and performance of some outlier detection methods. J. Appl. Stat. 38, 2133–2149 (2011).
Hasanbeigi, A. & Springer, C. How clean is the US steel industry: An International Benchmarking of Energy and CO2 Intensities (Global Efficiency Intelligence, 2019).
Saleh, H. Pladifes/bottom_up: v1.0.0. Zenodo https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18508837 (2026).

Yo-yos are inexpensive kids’ toys that seem to defy gravity. But when the yo-yo’s movement describes how many people gain weight and then lose weight and then gain again, it’s no fun. Constantly gaining and losing weight, known to the…

Donald Trump on Saturday offered only a vague description of what he meant by his demand for an unconditional surrender by Iran’s current regime, while leaving open the possibility of deploying American troops on the ground but ruling out…

We met in 1998, at a health and relationship course run back then by the Gay Men’s Health Centre in Melbourne. I saw David across the crowded room at a drinks session afterwards and slowly made my way around to talking with him. We were both in…
Martens, E. & Demain, A. L. The antibiotic resistance crisis, with a focus on the United States. J. Antibiot. 70, 520 (2017).
Currie, C. J. et al. Antibiotic treatment failure in four common…

Christian Rasmussen’s disgust following Saturday’s NTT INDYCAR SERIES race at Phoenix Raceway showed as much in his body language as his words.
Leaning against the pit wall, his comments were direct. He felt Will Power drove him…