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  • Emerging Stocks Rally as Alibaba Surges on AI Revenue Boost

    Emerging Stocks Rally as Alibaba Surges on AI Revenue Boost

    An advertisement for Alibaba Cloud at the Beijing Capital International Airport in Beijing. Photographer: Na Bian/Bloomberg

    A gauge tracking emerging-market equities rallied on Monday amid thin liquidity due to a US holiday, boosted by artificial intelligence-related stocks in Hong Kong and China after Alibaba Group Holding Ltd. reported a surge in revenue from AI.

    The MSCI EM Index rose 0.7% as Alibaba jumped 19% in Hong Kong — the most in three years — after the Chinese e-commerce giant reported a triple-digit percentage gain in AI-related product revenue as well as a better-than-anticipated 26% jump in sales from the cloud division. The rally marks a break from last week’s broader Asian market decline after a tech selloff hit Wall Street.

    Most Read from Bloomberg

    Read: Alibaba Shows Progress in China AI Push, Lifting Shares

    The MSCI EM currency gauge was little changed with the Labor Day holiday in the US trimming liquidity. The rupiah rose the most against the dollar in Asia after Bank Indonesia stepped in to defend the currency following political unrest over the weekend.

    “While we think such unrest is likely to be short-lived, investors will no doubt de-risk or increase hedges on their Indonesia portfolios,” Wee Khoon Chong, senior strategist for BNY Mellon in Hong Kong, wrote in a note.

    Indonesia stocks sold off on Monday following the protests, while investors are eyeing developments in Thailand after the Constitutional Court ended Paetongtarn Shinawatra’s premiership on Friday.

    In Europe, Poland’s gross domestic product was boosted by gains in domestic demand in the second quarter, data showed Monday. The zloty joined regional peers in advancing against the euro and dollar.

    Investors are also monitoring developments on US tariffs after most of President Donald Trump’s global tariffs were ruled illegal by a federal appeals court on Friday.

    –With assistance from Abhishek Vishnoi and Vrishti Beniwal.

    Most Read from Bloomberg Businessweek

    ©2025 Bloomberg L.P.

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  • Kojima Productions to celebrate 10th anniversary this month with “glimpse into future projects”

    Kojima Productions to celebrate 10th anniversary this month with “glimpse into future projects”


    Kojima Productions has announced a 10th anniversary celebration to be held in Japan, which promises guest appearances and “a glimpse into future projects”.


    The studio unveiled the event today, on the 10th anniversary of Metal Gear Solid 5: The Phantom Pain, which doesn’t seem coincidental.


    The Kojima Productions Beyond The Strand event will take place on 23rd September at a cinema in Tokyo, but it doesn’t appear to be screened elsewhere. Hideo Kojima himself will host the event.

    12 Things You NEED To Do First In Death Stranding 2 – BEGINNERS TIPSWatch on YouTube


    Still, keep that date in your diaries if you’re interested to know what’s coming next from the studio.


    Perhaps we’ll see something on OD, Kojima’s Xbox horror game first announced back in 2023? In a recent interview, Kojima stated OD was “something totally different” and people will either “love it or hate it”.


    Or perhaps we’ll see a first look at Physint, Kojima’s return to the action-espionage genre he popularised with the Metal Gear Solid games. Then again, he recently stated it’s early enough in development he’s still working on it by himself.


    Just don’t expect Death Stranding 3 – Kojima confirmed he has a concept for a sequel, but won’t be making it himself.


    If you’re in Japan, you can find details of the anniversary event on the Kojima Productions website.

    This is a news-in-brief story. This is part of our vision to bring you all the big news as part of a daily live report.

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  • The first look at Millie Bobby Brown and Jake Bongiovi’s baby – NBC Connecticut

    The first look at Millie Bobby Brown and Jake Bongiovi’s baby – NBC Connecticut

    Originally appeared on E! Online.

    Millie Bobby Brown is settling into a new chapter.

    Less than two weeks after revealing she and her husband Jake Bongiovi adopted a baby girl, the “Stranger Things” star shared her first photo of the couple spending time with their new addition.

    In the pic shared to Instagram Sept. 1, Bongiovi — wearing a black hat, a matching windbreaker jacket, cargo shorts and a pair of cream-colored sneakers — walked toward a plane in the distance while holding onto their daughter’s carrier. And while the tiny tot’s face wasn’t visible in the image, a glimpse of her soft skin could be seen poking out from under her white baby blanket.

    And that wasn’t the only peek Brown, 21, offered of her and Bongiovi’s new journey as parents.

    In another snap, the couple — who privately tied the knot in May 2024 following three years together — enjoyed a date night at a lowkey diner. During the sweet outing, the Florence by Mills founder — dressed in a sleek black halter top — posed for a mirror selfie while the “Sweethearts” actor, 23, planted a heart-melting kiss on her cheek.

    PHOTOS: Millie Bobby Brown’s Best Clapbacks

    Captioning the carousel of photos, Brown opted for three cheeky emojis to sum up their parenthood era: a baby bottle, a star and a yellow chicklet.

    Earlier this month, the couple revealed that they had adopted a daughter in a message on social media.

    Jon Bon Jovi couldn’t seem prouder to welcome a new daughter-in-law to the family.

    “This summer, we welcomed our sweet baby girl through adoption,” read the statement shared to Brown’s Instagram Aug. 21. “We are beyond excited to embark on this beautiful next chapter of parenthood in both peace and privacy.”

    The couple added, “And then there were 3.”

    And although the pair have remained tight-lipped on their baby girl’s name, Brown may have inadvertently revealed her initials while stepping out in the Hamptons shortly after by sporting a phone case with “RDW” written across the back.

    Plus, the “Enola Holmes” star previously provided insight into her plans to start a family at a young age.

    “My mom actually had her first child at 21 and my dad was 19,” she explained on the “SmartLess” podcast in March. “This has been my thing since before I met Jake. I wanted to be a mom just like the way my mom was to me.”


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  • Shehbaz hails ‘diplomatic success’ as SCO condemns Jaffer Express, Khuzdar attacks

    Shehbaz hails ‘diplomatic success’ as SCO condemns Jaffer Express, Khuzdar attacks

    Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif underscored the Indus Waters Treaty (IWT) issue at the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation’s (SCO) summit in China on Monday and called for  “dialogue, diplomacy and consultation” instead of confrontation on all outstanding disputes. 

    The premier reached Tianjin on Saturday to attend the SCO Council of Heads of State (CHS) summit, which was being held from August 31 to September 1. 

    Apart from Pakistan, the SCO comprises of China, India, Russia, Iran, Kyrgyzstan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Belarus. Another 16 countries are affiliated with the organisation as observers or “dialogue partners”. 

    “We respect all international and bilateral treaties and expect similar principles to be followed by all SCO members,” said Shehbaz as the summit concluded today, referring to India’s unilateral move to the hold the IWT in abeyance in April. 

    Read: Xi proposes Global Governance Initiative as SCO summit kicks off 

    “Uninterrupted access to due share of water as per existing treaties among SCO members will strengthen the SCO and will support the achievement of broader goals for which the SCO was established,” he  underscored. “We seek normal and stable relations with all our neighbours, guided by dialogue and diplomacy, consultation over confrontation.” 

    In April, after levelling unsubstantiated accusations on Pakistan for the Pahalgam attack that killed 26 people in Indian Ilegally Occupied Jammu and Kashmir (IIOJK), India held the IWT in abeyance. Pakistan termed any attempt to suspend its water share as an “act of war”. 

    With regards to terorism and regional security, the PM noted that “extremely disturbing events” had occurred in recent months. 

    “Those who have long used terrorism to advance political interests must realise that the world no longer buys fictitious narratives,” he said. Shehbaz stressed that Pakistan had “lost more than 90,000 valuable lives  — mothers, doctors, citizens, officers and soldiers — and endured economic losses of $152 billion [in the war against terror]”. 

    He strongly condemned terrorism attacks and asserted that Pakistan has “irrefutable evidence” of foreign involvement in the Jaffar Express hijacking in Balochistan, during which militants held over 440 passengers hostage in March this year, as well as in numerous other attacks in Khyber-Pakhtunkhwa and Balochistan. 

    Pakistan has rendered great sacrifices “not only for itself but far beyond,” said Shehbaz, pledging an unwavering commitment to defeat terrorism in cooperation with SCO members and global partners.

    The premier also called attention to the war in Gaza and condemned Israeli atrocities against the Palestinian people. He reminded the summit that earlier this year Israel also carried out unprovoked military strikes in Iran – a fellow SCO member. 

    Shehbaz condemned Israel’s “unjustified agression” against Iran terming it “condemnable and unacceptable”. 

    He described the suffering and starvation in Gaza as a “festering wound on the collective conscience” and reiterated Pakistan’s call for “an immediate end to the gruesome violence and heartrending bloodshed”.

    He reaffirmed Pakistan’s backing for a UN-mandated two-state solution, calling for an independent State of Palestine on the 1967 borders with Al-Quds Al-Sharif as its capital.

    With regards to Afghanistan, Shehbaz said, peace and stability there was vital for regional security since the Taliban’s takeover.

    “Afghanistan as an independent, neutral and peaceful state is not only in Pakistan’s interest but in the interest of the entire region,” he said, pointing to the recent Pakistan–China–Afghanistan trilateral dialogue and expressing hope for “positive results in the times to come”.

    On floods and economic reforms 

    PM Shehbaz drew the summit’s attention to the ongoing floods in Pakistan and the devastation caused by unprecedented torrential rains and cloudbursts. He lamented the loss of human lives as well as the damage to infrastructure, property, crops and livestock. 

    “We deeply appreciate the international community’s, including China’s, solidarity, sympathy and support with us,” he said, lauding the “brave and resilient” Pakistani people for their rescue and rebuilding efforts.

    Read: Punjab under ‘extremely high flood’ threat again as India opens dam gates

    Boasting of “impressive economic recovery” in the past 18 months, Shehbaz said that Pakistan was “charting a new path of hope”. He cited reduced inflation, a current account surplus and a buoyant capital market as signs of stabilisation.

    Outlining his Economic Transformation Plan, the premier said it was based on three pillars: boosting exports through trade-led growth, attracting foreign investment in agriculture, AI, minerals, energy and research, and generating revenue through tax reforms.

    Empowering the youth, he emphasised, was central to this strategy. “Youth is both a challenge and an opportunity,” he said, stressing the need for productive employment and entrepreneurship.

    On regional integration, Shehbaz underscored Pakistan’s role in promoting connectivity through land, air and rail corridors to secure supply chains. He described the China-Pakistan Economic Corridor (CPEC) as the “flagship of the Belt and Road Initiative” and “a practical demonstration of the SCO’s vision of regional connectivity and economic integration”.

    Also Read: SCO Summit and the geopolitical road ahead

    Concluding his address, the prime minister reaffirmed Pakistan’s “solemn and unwavering commitment to the SCO Charter and the noble values of the Shanghai spirit,” urging member states to “come together to promote peace, prosperity and progress in the entire region, even in bumpy and uncertain times”. 

     

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  • Wicked For Good movie Lego sets are finally available, how to buy

    Wicked For Good movie Lego sets are finally available, how to buy

    After months of being on preorder, the latest ‘Wicked: For Good’ Lego sets are now available for purchase.

    Fans of the famed theater show-turned blockbuster film are sure to be chomping at the bit to get their hands on the latest ‘Wicked’ Lego sets, which features landmarks from the movie such as the Emerald City & Kiamo Ko Castle along with Munchkinland.

    Meant for all ages, these sets are a great way to gear up for the upcoming release of ‘Wicked: For Good’ on November 21.

    Regardless if your child became obsessed with the ‘Wicked’ franchise through the hit movie last year or your loved one grew up on the original ‘Wizard of Oz,’ they’re sure to love the entire Lego collection.

    Here’s how to snag your favorite ‘Wicked’ Lego set:

    Shop ‘Wicked’ Lego sets

    LEGO ‘Wicked’ Emerald City & Kiamo Ko Castle Set

    LEGO ‘Wicked’ Glinda & Elphaba Visit Munchkinland Set

    LEGO ‘ Wicked’ Glinda & Elphaba Bookends Set

    LEGO ‘Wicked’ Glinda’s Wedding Day Set

    LEGO ‘Wicked’ Elphaba’s Retreat Set

    LEGO ‘Wicked’ Elphaba & Glinda Figures Set


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  • A Nigel Mansell rampage and an iconic move grab a famous win – 1987 British Grand Prix

    A Nigel Mansell rampage and an iconic move grab a famous win – 1987 British Grand Prix

    Dickie Stanford spent several decades as Williams’ team manager – but back in 1987, he was the gearbox mechanic on Mansell’s car.

    “I remember it as being one of those weekends that was very nearly perfect. The cars in ’86 and ’87 were relatively simple, but we’d usually be working in the garage until 2am. At Silverstone that year, we were done by 6pm, looking at each other wondering what to do next. It helped that we were so close to the factory, but even the Sunday morning warm-up went perfectly.

    “Often after those, we would be changing things on the car right up until the race start, but that year Nigel did a couple of laps in the spare car, and then the rest of the warm-up in his race car, and everything worked smoothly. The only thing that went wrong was not taking pole position – and of course, the problem he had with the vibration.”

    Prost rolled the dice on Lap 29 by coming in for fresh tyres, but Piquet and Mansell, never separated by more than a couple of seconds, weren’t expecting to make a pit stop – but Mansell was having trouble. The vibration – later traced to a dislodged wheel weight – got progressively worse, to the extent he was struggling to maintain the pace, and so, on Lap 35, pitted for new tyres. Well clear of Senna, running third, he retained P2, but emerged with a 29-second deficit, and with 29 laps to make up the ground…

    A tough task

    “To be quite honest, we felt, or at least I felt, we weren’t going to catch Piquet,” says Stanford. “Nelson had too big a lead… and then Nigel breaks the lap record, then breaks it again, and again, and again.”

    Tweaks around the Woodcote and what became Luffield corners meant a lap record was always going to be set during the Grand Prix, but Mansell’s assault was mesmeric. He set a new benchmark on his first flying lap out of the pits.

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  • Jude Law debuts portrayal of Vladimir Putin in new movie at Venice Film Festival

    Jude Law debuts portrayal of Vladimir Putin in new movie at Venice Film Festival

    Jude Law transforms into Vladimir Putin for Olivier Assayas’ “The Wizard of the Kremlin,” which had its world premiere Sunday at the Venice Film Festival.

    Law said earlier he didn’t enter the project naively, and that he also does not fear repercussions for his portrayal.

    “I felt safe in the hands of Olivier,” Law said. “This is a story that was going to be told intelligently with nuance and consideration. We weren’t looking for controversy for controversy’s sake.”

    Jude Law at the Venice Film Festival premiere of “The Wizard of the Kremlin.” Marina Takimoto/ZUMA Press Wire / SplashNews.com

    Law, who wore prosthetics for his transformation, said his Putin is “a character in a much larger story.”

    “We weren’t trying to define anything about anyone,” Law added.

    The film is an adaptation of Giuliano da Empoli’s bestselling book of the same name, an account of the Russian president’s rise to power alongside a fictional adviser called Vadim Baranov, who is played by Paul Dano. It’s partially set in the early 1990s amid post-Soviet chaos and continues through 2014.

    Dano’s character was inspired by the real political strategist Vladislav Surkov, who was considered the architect of the tightly controlled political system created under Putin.

    In 2013, he resigned from his post as deputy prime minister.

    Jude Law (left) transforms into Vladimir Putin for Olivier Assayas’ “The Wizard of the Kremlin,” which had its world premiere Sunday at the Venice Film Festival. AP

    Jude Law (left) transforms into Vladimir Putin for Olivier Assayas’ “The Wizard of the Kremlin,” which had its world premiere Sunday at the Venice Film Festival. AP

    Much of the story is centered on Dano’s character, recounting his own rise in political maneuvering and the world he helped create.

    “The wizard is the person who is in the background, so there’s a casting of a spell that is happening,” Dano said.

    “The Wizard of the Kremlin” is sure to provoke conversations as Russia’s three-year war in Ukraine continues. Efforts to stop the fighting with a ceasefire and end Europe’s biggest conflict since World War II through a comprehensive peace settlement have made no progress despite intense diplomatic maneuvering.

    Paul Dano as Vadim Baranov in a scene of “The Wizard of the Kremlin.” AP

    Paul Dano as Vadim Baranov in a scene of “The Wizard of the Kremlin.” AP

    “The film is very much about how modern politics, 21st-century politics were invented,” Assayas said. “What’s going on right now is not only terrifying, but it’s even more terrifying by the fact that we have not found the answer.”

    The book was written before Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine, but da Empoli said that even if it’s about an earlier period, it was “right.”

    “It’s still relevant today, three years later, under different circumstances,” da Empoli said.

    The film marks the English language debut for the French filmmaker best known for films like “Clouds of Sils Maria” and “Personal Shopper,” as well as the miniseries “Carlos.” Alicia Vikander, whom he directed in “Irma Vep,” also co-stars in “The Wizard of the Kremlin” as Vadim Baranov’s on-again-off-again girlfriend. Her character, the filmmaker said, was supposed to embody “freedom.”

    “This is a story about a lot of men talking in rooms,” Vikander said. “But Olivier told me that we need a world that shows the women who inhabit it also. A female counterpart, but a very moral one as well.”

    Production took place in Latvia, as they couldn’t film in Russia.

    Jude Law, Alicia Vikander, Olivier Assayas, Paul Dano, Jeffrey Wright, Tom Sturridge, and Will Keen attend “The Wizard Of The Kremlin” (Le Mage Du Kremlin) photocall during the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2025. WireImage

    Jude Law, Alicia Vikander, Olivier Assayas, Paul Dano, Jeffrey Wright, Tom Sturridge, and Will Keen attend “The Wizard Of The Kremlin” (Le Mage Du Kremlin) photocall during the 82nd Venice International Film Festival on August 31, 2025. WireImage

    Assayas wrote in his director’s statement that it “is not a film about the rise of one man, nor is it about the force with which power is imposed, or the reinvention of a nation that is both modern and archaic, once again under the yoke of totalitarianism.

    Rooted in real, contemporary events, it is instead a reflection on modern politics — or rather, the smoke screens behind which it now hides: cynical, deceptive, and toxic.”

    He added: “The Wizard of the Kremlin’ is not so much a political film as it is a film about politics — and the perversity of its methods, which now hold us all hostage.”

    Law said earlier he didn’t enter the project naively, and that he also does not fear repercussions for his portrayal. WireImage

    Law said earlier he didn’t enter the project naively, and that he also does not fear repercussions for his portrayal. WireImage

    The film is playing in the main competition, with titles like “Frankenstein,”“Bugonia,” “The Voice of Hind Rajab,” “La Grazia,” and “No Other Choice” also vying for the top prizes, including acting and directing awards. Winners will be announced on Sept. 6.

    “The Wizard of the Kremlin” does not yet have a release date in North America. Actor Jeffrey Wright, who plays the journalist Vadim Baranov is telling his story to, made a plea for why the film needs to be seen, especially in America.

    “Even within the time frame of the original sins of America…we had an idea that we could be better. This idea that we could aspire toward some sort of utopian perfectibility,” Wright said. “If that is lost, as it is now, then we become what we see in this film.”

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  • Silver Fox Exploits Signed Drivers to Deploy ValleyRAT Backdoor

    Silver Fox Exploits Signed Drivers to Deploy ValleyRAT Backdoor

    A newly detected cyber campaign is exploiting trusted but vulnerable Windows drivers to bypass security protections and install a remote access tool.

    The operation, attributed by Check Point Research (CPR) to the Silver Fox APT group, highlights the risks of attackers exploiting Microsoft-signed drivers that were once considered safe.

    Abusing Microsoft-Signed Drivers

    At the center of the attack is the WatchDog Antimalware driver (amsdk.sys, version 1.0.600).

    Although signed by Microsoft and not previously listed as vulnerable, the driver was abused to terminate processes linked to antivirus and EDR tools, clearing the way for the deployment of ValleyRAT – a modular backdoor capable of surveillance, command execution and data exfiltration.

    Silver Fox also relied on an older Zemana-based driver (ZAM.exe) to maintain compatibility across systems ranging from Windows 7 to Windows 11.

    Both drivers allowed arbitrary process termination, enabling the attackers to disable even protected processes.

    Read more on Windows driver exploitation tactics: Vulnerability in Windows Driver Leads to System Crashes

    Researchers found that the group packed all elements into self-contained loader binaries.

    Each sample included:

    The campaign quickly evolved, producing variants that used new drivers or altered versions of patched drivers to avoid detection.

    Evasion and Attribution

    One technique involved modifying a patched WatchDog driver (wamsdk.sys, version 1.1.100) by changing a single byte in its timestamp field. Because Microsoft’s digital signature does not cover this field, the driver signature remained valid yet appeared as a new file with a different hash.

    Infrastructure used in the attacks was traced to servers in China, while malware configurations specifically targeted security products popular in East Asia. These details, combined with the ValleyRAT payload, led to attribution to the Silver Fox APT.

    Although WatchDog released an update addressing local privilege escalation flaws, arbitrary process termination remains possible leaving systems vulnerable.

    The CPR research stressed that signature and hash checks alone are insufficient. Security teams are advised to apply Microsoft’s latest driver blocklist, use YARA detection rules and implement behavior-based monitoring to catch abnormal driver activity.

    “Our research reinforces the need for ongoing efforts of security vendors and users to stay vigilant against the emerging abuse of legitimate drivers,” CPR wrote.

    “Proactive identification, reporting and patching of these vulnerabilities are critical to strengthening Windows systems against evolving threats leveraging Bring Your Own Vulnerable Driver (BYOVD) techniques.”

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  • The Eversolo T8 streaming transport wants to deliver “high-end audio experience for music lovers and audiophiles alike”

    The Eversolo T8 streaming transport wants to deliver “high-end audio experience for music lovers and audiophiles alike”

    It was teased at High End Munich earlier this year, but we now have official details and prices for the Eversolo T8. This is Eversolo’s first streaming transport, i.e. a product with all the latest network streaming software and features but without a DAC built in; so you will need to plug it into an external DAC or into the digital inputs of your amplifier.

    It’s a neat way to add modern streaming powers to a hi-fi system that already has a great DAC. It could also prove to be a smart route for the brand, considering how we have heaped praise on Eversolo’s excellent streaming software and its capability as a digital source in the DMP-A6 and DMP-A10 streamers that we have tested.

    The T8 aims to deliver “clean, precise digital audio” and features carefully isolated digital outputs, an ultra-high precision clock, and all the bells and whistles that come with Eversolo’s proprietary software ecosystem.

    (Image credit: Eversolo)

    The Eversolo T8 features a 6-inch touchscreen display that lets you select the numerous music apps and services available, control playback, adjust settings and more. This display screen dominates the front of a sleek, aluminium chassis that boasts shielding from its internal circuitry as well as from outside electromagnetic interference.

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  • How ageing changes our genes — huge epigenetic atlas gives clearest picture yet

    How ageing changes our genes — huge epigenetic atlas gives clearest picture yet

    A huge analysis of DNA methylation in human tissue has revealed new anti-ageing targets.Credit: Lawrence Lawry/SPL

    The visible effects of ageing on our body are in part linked to invisible changes in gene activity. The epigenetic process of DNA methylation — the addition or removal of tags called methyl groups — becomes less precise as we age. The result is changes to gene expression that are linked to reduced organ function and increased susceptibility to disease as people age.

    Now, a meta-analysis of epigenetic changes in 17 types of human tissue throughout the entire adult lifespan provides the most comprehensive picture to date of how ageing modifies our genes.

    The study assessed DNA methylation patterns in human tissue samples and revealed that some tissues seem to age faster than others. The retina and stomach, for example, accumulate more ageing-related DNA methylation changes than do the cervix or skin. The analysis also found universal epigenetic markers of ageing across different organs. This ‘epigenetic atlas’ might help researchers to study the link between DNA methylation and ageing and could aid the identification of molecular targets for anti-ageing treatments.

    “I think this is a great resource” to understand ageing, says Joao Pedro Magalhaes, a molecular biologist at the University of Birmingham, UK. “This meta-analysis of methylation data across organs is, to my knowledge, the largest such resource assembled to date. I am sure that it will be valuable to researchers.”

    The work is reported on the preprint server Research Square1 and has not yet been peer reviewed.

    Epigenetic atlas of ageing

    Researchers can already analyse DNA methylation patterns in people’s genomes to create ageing clocks — tools that measure biological age. However, there are unresolved fundamental questions about whether these signatures of ageing are shared across tissue types.

    To elucidate how methylation relates to ageing, Nir Eynon at Monash University in Melbourne, Australia, and his colleagues conducted a meta-analysis of more than 15,000 samples from 17 human tissues taken from adults of different ages. They mapped out methylation changes across 900,000 potential sites in the DNA, then created an open-access atlas. “We had examples from people from 18 years old till 100 or so,” says Eynon, so we can look at the epigenetic markers and how they change across the human lifespan.

    Overall, the researchers found that the mean amount of methylation varies greatly between tissues, ranging from 35% in the cervix, through to 48% in skin, 51% in muscle, 53% in the heart, 57% in the stomach and up to 63% in the retina.

    Study co-author Macsue Jacques, also at Monash University, says almost all tissues have increased DNA methylation as they age. The exceptions are skeletal muscle and lung, “which has more of a loss of methylation with age”. Their analysis also found that different organs have distinct ageing patterns of DNA methylation. “Each tissue has a different shift that happens,” Jacques says.

    Ageing methylation targets

    As well as examining differences between tissues, the researchers screened individual gene sites throughout each tissue genome. “We wanted to find a common ageing mechanism that goes across all the tissue types,” says Jacques.

    They found several genes that had methylation changes were strong biological markers of ageing across several tissues. These included the developmental regulators HDAC4 and HOX, which are related to senescence and age-related decline, and MEST, which has been associated with diabetes and obesity, two known accelerators of ageing2.

    The researchers identified high methylation of the protocadherin gamma (PCDHG) gene family as a driver of the ageing process in multiple different organs. Other studies have shown that hypermethylation in the PCDHG gene family is linked to reduced white matter in the brain, a marker of accelerated cognitive decline3.

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