- Elon Musk Says Grok Will Be Fixed After Chatbot Sided With Sam Altman In Spat Over Potential OpenAI Lawsuit Forbes
- Musk threatens Apple and calls OpenAI boss a liar as feud deepens BBC
- Musk threatens ‘immediate’ legal action against Apple over alleged antitrust violations CNBC
- Musk says xAI to take legal action against Apple over App Store rankings Reuters
- Musk Accuses Apple of Unfairly Favoring OpenAI on iPhone Bloomberg.com
Category: 3. Business
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Elon Musk Says Grok Will Be Fixed After Chatbot Sided With Sam Altman In Spat Over Potential OpenAI Lawsuit – Forbes
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JPMorganChase to Present at the Barclays Global Financial Services Conference
Doug Petno, Co-CEO of the Commercial & Investment Bank, will present at the Barclays Global Financial Services Conference on Tuesday, September 9, 2025 at 10:30 a.m. (Eastern). The conference will be held at the New York Hilton Midtown in New York City.
A live audio webcast will be available on the day of the conference at www.jpmorganchase.com under Investor Relations, Events & Presentations.
JPMorgan Chase & Co. (NYSE: JPM) is a leading financial services firm based in the United States of America (“U.S.”), with operations worldwide. JPMorganChase had $4.6 trillion in assets and $357 billion in stockholders’ equity as of June 30, 2025. The Firm is a leader in investment banking, financial services for consumers and small businesses, commercial banking, financial transaction processing and asset management. Under the J.P. Morgan and Chase brands, the Firm serves millions of customers in the U.S., and many of the world’s most prominent corporate, institutional and government clients globally. Information about JPMorgan Chase & Co. is available at www.jpmorganchase.com.
Investor Contact:
Mikael Grubb
212-270-2479Media Contact:
Joseph Evangelisti
212-270-7438Continue Reading
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US power use to reach record highs in 2025 and 2026, EIA says – Reuters
- US power use to reach record highs in 2025 and 2026, EIA says Reuters
- Record US power usage predicted in 2025, 2026 The Hill
- Texas Energy Demand Expected to Grow at Average of 11 Percent Through 2026 GovTech
- Rapid Demand Growth Outpaced by New Supply in Texas: Grid Roundup #70 douglewin.com
- U.S. electricity peak demand set new records twice in July U.S. Energy Information Administration (EIA) (.gov)
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FiscalNote Closes Previously Announced Balance Sheet…
FiscalNote Holdings, Inc. (NYSE: NOTE), the leading provider of AI-driven policy and regulatory intelligence solutions, today announced it has closed the previously announced series of transactions to refinance its senior debt and restructure substantially all of its subordinated debt. The closed transactions provide the Company with a clear, long-term runway and increased operating flexibility as it executes its product-led growth strategy.
In light of the timing of these transactions, there are a few customary, additional disclosures required in the Company’s Q2 2025 Form 10-Q filing. Accordingly, the Company plans to file a Form 12b-25 to extend the filing deadline for the Form 10-Q to August 18, enabling time to finalize the additional disclosures.
Safe Harbor Statement
Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Forward-looking statements generally relate to future events or FiscalNote’s future financial or operating performance. For example, statements regarding FiscalNote’s financial outlook for future periods, expectations regarding profitability, capital resources and anticipated growth in the industry in which FiscalNote operates are forward-looking statements. In some cases, you can identify forward-looking statements by terminology such as “pro forma,” “may,” “should,” “could,” “might,” “plan,” “possible,” “project,” “strive,” “budget,” “forecast,” “expect,” “intend,” “will,” “estimate,” “anticipate,” “believe,” “predict,” “potential” or “continue,” or the negatives of these terms or variations of them or similar terminology. Such forward-looking statements are subject to risks, uncertainties, and other important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements.
Factors that may impact such forward-looking statements include:
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concentration of revenues from U.S. government agencies, changes in the U.S. government spending priorities, dependence on winning or renewing U.S. government contracts, delay, disruption or unavailability of funding on U.S. government contracts, and the U.S. government’s right to modify, delay, curtail or terminate contracts;
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FiscalNote’s ability to successfully execute on its strategy to achieve and sustain organic growth through a focus on its core Policy business, including risks to FiscalNote’s ability to develop, enhance, and integrate its existing platforms, products, and services, bring highly useful, reliable, secure and innovative products, product features and services to market, attract new customers, retain existing customers, expand its products and service offerings with existing customers, expand into geographic markets or identify other opportunities for growth;
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FiscalNote’s future capital requirements, as well as its ability to service its repayment obligations and maintain compliance with covenants and restrictions under its existing debt agreements;
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demand for FiscalNote’s services and the drivers of that demand;
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the impact of cost reduction initiatives undertaken by FiscalNote;
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risks associated with international operations, including compliance complexity and costs, increased exposure to fluctuations in currency exchange rates, political, social and economic instability, and supply chain disruptions;
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FiscalNote’s ability to introduce new features, integrations, capabilities, and enhancements to its products and services, as well as obtain and maintain accurate, comprehensive, or reliable data to support its products and services;
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FiscalNote’s reliance on third-party systems and data, its ability to integrate such systems and data with its solutions and its potential inability to continue to support integration;
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FiscalNote’s ability to maintain and improve its methods and technologies, and anticipate new methods or technologies, for data collection, organization, and analysis to support its products and services;
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potential technical disruptions, cyberattacks, security, privacy or data breaches or other technical or security incidents that affect FiscalNote’s networks or systems or those of its service providers;
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competition and competitive pressures in the markets in which FiscalNote operates, including larger well-funded companies shifting their existing business models to become more competitive with FiscalNote;
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FiscalNote’s ability to comply with laws and regulations in connection with selling products and services to U.S. and foreign governments and other highly regulated industries;
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FiscalNote’s ability to retain or recruit key personnel;
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FiscalNote’s ability to adapt its products and services for changes in laws and regulations or public perception, or changes in the enforcement of such laws, relating to artificial intelligence, machine learning, data privacy and government contracts;
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adverse general economic and market conditions reducing spending on our products and services;
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the outcome of any known and unknown litigation and regulatory proceedings;
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FiscalNote’s ability to maintain public company-quality internal control over financial reporting; and
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FiscalNote’s ability to protect and maintain its brands and other intellectual property rights.
These and other important factors discussed in FiscalNote’s SEC filings, including its most recent reports on Forms 10-K and 10-Q, particularly the “Risk Factors” sections of those reports, could cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements made in this press release. These forward-looking statements are based upon estimates and assumptions that, while considered reasonable by FiscalNote and its management, are inherently uncertain. Nothing in this press release should be regarded as a representation by any person that the forward-looking statements set forth herein will be achieved or that any of the contemplated results of such forward-looking statements will be achieved. You should not place reliance on forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date they are made. FiscalNote undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, except as may be required under applicable securities laws.
About FiscalNote
FiscalNote (NYSE: NOTE) is the leading provider of AI-driven policy and regulatory intelligence solutions. By uniquely combining proprietary AI technology, comprehensive data, and decades of trusted analysis, FiscalNote helps customers efficiently manage political and business risk. Since 2013, FiscalNote has pioneered solutions that deliver critical insights, enabling effective decision-making and giving organizations the competitive edge they need. Home to PolicyNote, CQ, Roll Call, VoterVoice, and many other industry-leading products and brands, FiscalNote serves thousands of customers worldwide with global offices in North America, Europe, and Asia. To learn more about FiscalNote and its suite of solutions, visit FiscalNote.com and follow @FiscalNote.
About MGG Investment Group
MGG Investment Group provides flexible capital solutions to middle-market companies across all industries. We strive to build lasting value, address immediate needs, and solve complex situations to provide our LPs with superior risk-adjusted returns. Our extensive network and relationships provide us with a plethora of sourcing that enables us to be patient and maintain investing discipline across the capital structure and in all market environments.
Contacts
Media
Yojin Yoon
FiscalNote
press@fiscalnote.comInvestor Relations
Bob Burrows
FiscalNote
IR@fiscalnote.comContinue Reading
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Circle Internet sees wider stablecoin adoption from payments and foreign exchange
By Steve Gelsi
Circle’s stock climbs as investors shrug off a one-time quarterly loss and focus on a big jump in revenue and stablecoins in circulation
Circle Internet’s stock is up after it reported a wider-than-expected loss but beat analysts’ revenue estimates.
Circle Internet Group Inc.’s stock rose Tuesday after the company’s first quarterly earnings update since its blockbuster initial public offering, as investors applauded the stablecoin issuer’s growth and plans for a new transaction network.
Circle (CRCL) also reported second-quarter results that impressed Wall Street, with a 53% jump in second-quarter revenue and bullish comments on the outlook for stablecoins – a type of digital currency pegged one-to-one to the U.S. dollar DXY or another reserve asset.
The company said circulation of its USDC stablecoin (USDCUSD) was $61.3 billion as of June 30, up 90% from a year ago. Since then, it has increased another 6.4% to $65.2 billion as of Aug. 10.
On a call with analysts, Circle Chief Executive Jeremy Allaire said the company is readying a test launch this fall of Arc, a blockchain network for capital-markets transactions, foreign exchange and payments using USDC. It’s planning to formally roll out the service by the end of the year.
“We are at the fulcrum of a massive mainstream embrace of stablecoins in the financial system, and firms are racing to build on this infrastructure,” Allaire said. “Until now, the blockchain infrastructure needed to meet the most intense demands of major financial firms and enterprises has simply not existed.”
Circle’s stock ended Tuesday up 1.3% at $163.26 a share – nearly double where it closed on its first day of trading on June 5, at $83.23. Circle’s IPO had priced at $31.
Looking ahead, Circle may take aim at “careful and deliberate” acquisitions, but Allaire said he doesn’t expect any big, complex deals at the current time.
“We only want to do things that really fit clearly in that kind of product mandate,” the CEO said. “We’ve got a lot of organic development happening now and we’re excited to deliver on that.”
The company’s second-quarter revenue increased to $658.1 million, from $430 million a year ago, and topped the consensus analyst estimate of $645.7 million.
Circle said it swung to a loss $482.1 million, or $4.48 a share, in its second quarter ending June 30. In the year-ago quarter, it earned $32.92 million, with no common stock outstanding at the time.
Wall Street analysts expected Circle to lose 97 cents a share, according to FactSet data.
The reason why Wall Street appeared not to care so much about the larger-than-expected loss was that it included one-time, noncash charges of $591 million related to its IPO, including $424 million for stock-based compensation related to vesting conditions.
During the quarter, the company debuted its Circle Payments Network, a product to help financial firms make payments with stablecoins.
It also inked payments alliances with Corpay Inc. (CPAY), Fiserv Inc. (FI) and crypto exchange Binance Holdings Ltd.
Allaire said the company has been growing its relationship with Binance, among the largest trading platforms for crypto assets.
“They’ve been a great partner and they’re leaning into both the technology and really driving USDC growth,” he said.
To be sure, Circle may still face challenges in stablecoin adoption, Deutsche Bank analyst Brian Bedell said as he launched coverage of the stock on Tuesday, giving it a neutral rating and a $155-a-share price target.
“While we see potential for strong long-term industry adoption of stablecoins, the range of outcomes are very wide and likely to create substantial volatility in earnings,” Bedell said in a note. “We see the shares as being fairly valued.”
-Steve Gelsi
This content was created by MarketWatch, which is operated by Dow Jones & Co. MarketWatch is published independently from Dow Jones Newswires and The Wall Street Journal.
(END) Dow Jones Newswires
08-12-25 1616ET
Copyright (c) 2025 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.
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Cava (CAVA) Q2 2025 earnings
Customers arrive at a Cava restaurant in New York City on June 22, 2023.
Brendan Mcdermid | Reuters
Cava on Tuesday lowered its full-year forecast for same-store sales growth after a disappointing second quarter.
For the full year, Cava now anticipates same-store sales growth of 4% to 6%, down from its prior range of 6% to 8%.
Shares of the company plunged 20% in extended trading. The stock has fallen 40% this year, including the after-hours move.
Here’s what the company reported compared with what Wall Street was expecting, based on a survey of analysts by LSEG:
- Earnings per share: 16 cents vs. 13 cents expected
- Revenue: $280.6 million vs. $285.6 million expected
The restaurant company reported second-quarter net income of $18.4 million, or 16 cents per share, down from $19.7 million, or 17 cents per share, a year earlier.
Net restaurant sales climbed 20% to $278.2 million, largely thanks to new restaurant openings.
The chain’s same-store sales, a metric that only tracks the performance of restaurants that have been open at least a year, rose 2.1% during the quarter. While Cava managed to buck the industry trend of same-store sales declines, Wall Street was projecting growth of 6.1%, according to StreetAccount estimates.
Cava said its quarterly traffic was “roughly flat.” A year earlier, the company’s same-store sales climbed 14.4%, fueled by nearly double-digit traffic growth. At the time, Cava CEO and co-founder Brett Schulman credited the introduction of its grilled steak option as one reason customers kept coming to restaurants during the quarter.
CFO Tricia Tolivar told CNBC on Tuesday that the second quarter started off with strong same-store sales growth, which led the company to reiterate its prior outlook when it reported its first-quarter results. However, she said, once the chain celebrated the one-year launch of grilled steak, it saw that growth slow.
Rival fast-casual chains have also struggled this quarter with slumping sales. Chipotle Mexican Grill reported same-store sales declines of 4%, while salad chain Sweetgreen saw its stock plummet after the company cut its outlook for the second straight quarter.
Aside from lowering its same-store sales forecast, Cava reiterated other key financial projections for the full year. The company still anticipates adjusted earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization of $152 million to $159 million. Cava also maintained its forecast for restaurant-level profit margins of 24.8% to 25.2%.
Cava on Tuesday also announced that it participated in a $25 million Series B funding round for Hyphen, which automates plate and bowl portioning. Chipotle Mexican Grill, which has already invested in Hyphen, led the funding round with Cava.
“By piloting Hyphen’s automated digital makeline, we have the opportunity to increase order accuracy and speed during peak digital hours, while reducing complexity for our team members,” Schulman said in a statement.
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FedEx Appoints Vishal Talwar as Executive Vice President, Chief Digital and Information Officer, and President of FedEx Dataworks
MEMPHIS, Tenn., August 12, 2025 – FedEx Corp. (NYSE: FDX) today announced the appointment of Vishal Talwar, formerly senior managing director & chief growth officer of Accenture Technology, to executive vice president, chief digital and information officer of FedEx Corp., and president of FedEx Dataworks, effective August 15.
With more than 27 years of experience in utilizing technology to drive growth, improve operational efficiency, and elevate customer experience, Talwar brings deep expertise in data science, digital infrastructure, and enterprise-scale transformation. His expertise lies in working with businesses to leverage the power of cloud, data, AI, and other technologies to increase business resiliency and accelerate digital capabilities to drive profitable growth. Before joining FedEx, he worked with companies including Accenture, IBM, and Dell Services. For nearly two years, he has been heavily engaged with FedEx’s digital transformation efforts through his work at Accenture.
“I am pleased to welcome Vishal to the FedEx executive team,” said Raj Subramaniam, president and chief executive officer of FedEx Corporation. “As a seasoned leader in the technology sector, Vishal has a proven track record in accelerating business growth through forward-thinking strategies and transformative digital solutions. His institutional knowledge and industry expertise will be instrumental as we continue to advance our long-term strategy and harness the full potential of FedEx intelligence to deliver even greater value to our customers and stockholders.”
As CDIO and president of FedEx Dataworks, Talwar will drive the company’s digital transformation by leading strategic initiatives focused on developing innovative digital solutions powered by data and AI, advanced technology, robust enterprise architecture, and comprehensive cybersecurity measures.
“I am honored to join FedEx during such a transformative period as the company leverages the power of technology, data, and AI to make supply chains smarter for everyone,” said Talwar. “I’ve had the privilege of working closely with FedEx in an advisory capacity, and that experience has given me a deep understanding of the business, the team, and the strategic direction. I have tremendous confidence in the future of FedEx and am thrilled to be a part of the team.”
With this appointment, senior leaders of the Data and Technology and Dataworks organizations will report directly to Talwar.
About FedEx Corp.
FedEx Corp. (NYSE: FDX) provides customers and businesses worldwide with a broad portfolio of transportation, e-commerce, and business services. With annual revenue of $88 billion, the company offers integrated business solutions utilizing its flexible, efficient, and intelligent global network. Consistently ranked among the world’s most admired and trusted employers, FedEx inspires its more than 500,000 employees to remain focused on safety, the highest ethical and professional standards, and the needs of their customers and communities. FedEx is committed to connecting people and possibilities around the world responsibly and resourcefully, with a goal to achieve carbon-neutral operations by 2040. To learn more, please visit fedex.com/about.Cautionary Statement Regarding Forward-Looking Information
Certain statements in this press release may be considered forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act (the “PSLRA”), such as statements regarding our long-term strategy and transformative digital solutions. Forward-looking statements include those preceded by, followed by or that include the words “will,” “may,” “could,” “would,” “should,” “believes,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “anticipates,” “plans,” “estimates,” “targets,” “projects,” “intends” or similar expressions. Such forward-looking statements, which are intended to enjoy the protection of the safe harbor for forward-looking statements provided by the PSLRA as well as protections afforded by other securities laws, are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors which could cause actual results to differ materially from historical experience or from future results expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Potential risks and uncertainties include, but are not limited to, the factors which can be found in FedEx’s and its subsidiaries’ press releases and FedEx’s filings with the SEC, including its Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended May 31, 2025. Any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made. FedEx does not undertake or assume any obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement, whether as a result of new information, future events, or otherwise.Continue Reading
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Oil prices dip as market awaits EIA report – Reuters
- Oil prices dip as market awaits EIA report Reuters
- US Crude Production to Hit Record 13.41 Million Bpd in 2025 Before Falling, EIA ays EnergyNow.com
- US Oil Output to Slip in 2026 as Price Decline Slows Drilling Transport Topics
- Oil prices projected to fall below $60, risking Trump drilling goals MSN
- EIA sees Brent oil prices falling to less than $60/bbl in Q4 Reuters
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Pale Blue teams up with Mitsubishi Electric to advance water propulsion
TAMPA, Fla. — Japanese water propulsion startup Pale Blue is exploring jointly developing systems with Japan’s Mitsubishi Electric, after the satellite maker joined the University of Tokyo spin-off’s $10 million Series C funding round.
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What to know about US Treasury bonds and the bond market
President Donald Trump and the Republican-led Congress have implemented several major policy changes in the first seven months of 2025. Those changes include raising tariffs on dozens of U.S. trading partners, extending Trump’s first-term tax cuts and adding new ones, and boosting spending on border security and immigration enforcement. Lawmakers have partially offset the tax cuts and spending increases by cutting Medicaid, foreign aid, education grants and other federal programs.
Many analysts project that these policies will further widen the U.S. budget deficit – the gap between how much the federal government takes in and how much it spends. Even before the policy changes, a majority of Americans saw the federal budget deficit as a “very big problem” for the country today, according to a Pew Research Center survey conducted in January and February.
Deficits have to be funded by borrowing, which, for the federal government, means selling bonds to investors. Those investors then resell and trade those bonds in what’s generally referred to as the “bond market.” How the bond market reacts to the administration’s actions not only determines how much interest the government must pay to borrow money; it also influences how much interest ordinary Americans will pay on car loans, mortgages and credit card bills. That’s because interest rates on all sorts of loans tend to move in the same direction.
Here are some basics about bonds and the bond market, using data from the U.S. Treasury and from the Securities Industry and Financial Markets Association (SIFMA), a trade group for banks, securities firms and asset managers.
What’s a bond?
A bond is basically a promise to repay a specified sum of money according to rules (interest rate, timing, etc.) that are set when the bond is issued. It’s an alternative to borrowing money from a bank or other financial institution. Governments can borrow from banks, too – especially institutions like the World Bank or the International Monetary Fund – but more commonly they’ll sell bonds to investors when they need extra money.
Bonds are often referred to as “fixed-income” investments because they typically pay interest on a specified schedule – for instance, 5% a year for 10 years, payable semiannually. Those predictable payments can make bonds attractive to a wide range of investors.
Many types of public and private entities can issue bonds, including national governments; states, cities and counties; school districts and other specialized districts; and companies. But since this analysis is about U.S. government bonds, from here on we’ll use “bonds” to refer specifically to those. (They’re also called Treasurys or T-bonds, because the U.S. Treasury Department issues them. The Treasury also sells shorter-term instruments called bills and notes, but for simplicity we’ll refer to them all as bonds.)
How are bonds bought and sold?
The Treasury raises money by selling bonds at regularly scheduled public auctions. At those auctions, individual and institutional investors can specify how much debt they want to buy (with a $100 minimum) and the return they’re looking for.
An investor who buys, say, a 10-year Treasury bond for $10,000, always has the option of hanging onto it. They can collect a decade’s worth of interest payments before the bond “matures” and they get back their original $10,000.
But bonds can also be traded on financial markets, much like stocks. Tradable bonds are also referred to as “debt securities.” Investors can buy and sell bonds at any time before they mature.
Most Treasury debt (about 78.5%, or $29 trillion as of July 2025) is tradable. Treasury securities that aren’t tradable include U.S. savings bonds and the special bonds held by the Social Security and Medicare trust funds.
However, the bond market is much more opaque than the stock market. There’s no physical building or centralized electronic exchange where trading takes place, with prices quoted publicly and in real time. Most of the time, bonds are traded “over the counter” – that is, between private firms called broker-dealers, acting either on behalf of their clients or for their own accounts.
The original issuers don’t directly benefit from trading activity in the bond market. But how an issuer’s bonds fare in the market can influence how much it may have to pay if (or when) it comes back to borrow more.
Related: Key facts about the U.S. national debt
What’s a bond worth?
Investors’ willingness to buy government bonds, and the price they are willing to pay, depends largely on how risky they consider the bonds and whether they can make more money elsewhere. Investors consider many factors when gauging a bond’s value. Some factors involve the general economic and financial climate, such as:
- The strength of the overall economy
- Anticipated future inflation
- The rates of return available from other investments
Other factors are specific to the governmental entity that issued the bond, such as its:
- Total debt load, spending habits and general fiscal management
- Ability (and willingness) to raise taxes to make the interest payments on time
- Political stability
All this matters because bond prices, like stock prices, can move up or down. And that changes the bond’s yield, or the effective return investors get.
When a bond’s price falls, its yield rises; if the price rises, the yield goes down. That’s because, when the price goes down, investors are getting the original interest payments at a discount. When it goes up, they’re paying a premium. (Yield is determined by a rather complicated formula; the following example is somewhat simplified.)
Let’s say the federal government issues $10 million in new bonds to cover some of its deficit. Each bond pays 5% interest annually (half every six months), and they start trading in the bond market as soon as they’re issued.
If traders think the bonds are good investments, they may bid the price up – paying, say, $110 for a bond with a face value of $100. The yield on that bond falls from 5% to 3.79%.
But if traders get worried that the government’s debt load is becoming unsustainable, or that higher inflation may erode the value of their interest payments, they may be only willing to pay $90 for a $100 bond. In that case, the yield rises, to 6.37%.
In general, the more risk investors perceive, the higher return they’ll expect on their investment. And if investors can get a 6.37% yield on existing government bonds by buying them at a discount, the government will have to offer an interest rate close to that the next time it wants to sell new bonds.
How big is the bond market?
The worldwide market for fixed-income securities of all types totaled $145.1 trillion in 2024 – bigger than the global stock market, according to SIFMA. The U.S. fixed-income market is the world’s largest at $58.2 trillion, or 40.1% of the total. (That figure includes all types of debt securities from both public- and private-sector issuers.)
U.S. government securities, in turn, are the biggest piece of the overall U.S. bond market. In the first quarter of 2025, $28.6 trillion worth of Treasurys were outstanding, more than twice the amount of corporate bonds. Treasurys accounted for 60.3% of all U.S. debt securities (excluding mortgage- and asset-backed securities), up from 47.6% a decade ago.
How can the bond market influence government policy?
The federal government borrows a lot of money – both to refinance older debt as it comes due and to fund new spending. Last year, it issued $4.67 trillion in Treasury securities, or about 45% of all new debt in the U.S., according to SIFMA. Through July of this year, the government had issued more than $2.8 trillion in Treasurys.
The government also borrows frequently. The shortest-term securities, called Treasury bills or T-bills, are auctioned as often as weekly, while longer-term bonds are sold monthly or quarterly. That means the Treasury is constantly getting feedback from bond traders about how they view the economy and the government’s actions.
One example occurred in April, shortly after Trump announced sweeping tariff increases on most U.S. trading partners. Treasury yields rose sharply, suggesting that investors were selling off government bonds. Within days, Trump paused many of the steepest tariffs, noting that the bond markets “were getting a little queasy.”
When higher yields in the bond market force the government to pay higher interest rates on newly issued debt, that means more tax dollars have to go to interest payments – instead of, say, the Pentagon, education, public health or disaster relief.
In fiscal 2024, the government’s interest payments on Treasury debt securities (after crediting various government trust funds) totaled $879.9 billion, or 13% of all outlays that year. For context, that roughly matched what the government spent on defense ($873.5 billion) and Medicare ($874.1 billion).
Different bonds have different interest rates, depending on when they were issued and how long their terms are. But the average interest rate on all U.S. government bonds can indicate the broad trend of the government’s borrowing costs.
In July, the average rate on all interest-bearing Treasury debt was 3.352%, according to Treasury Department data. That’s still well below decades past – for example, the average rate was nearly 9% in 1989 and nearly 6.6% in January 2001. But it’s the highest average rate since October 2009, and more than double the most recent low (1.556% in January 2022).
In May, Moody’s – one of the three major debt-rating firms that help investors gauge how risky bonds are – cut its grade on U.S. government debt, saying it believed “persistent, large fiscal deficits will drive the government’s debt and interest burden higher.” It was the last major rating agency to do so.
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