Category: 3. Business

Artificial intelligence has emerged as one of the most powerful and pervasive investment themes of the modern era. But investing in AI isn’t as simple as chasing the latest breakthrough or jumping into a hyped fund. Successful thematic investing requires thoughtful evaluation—of the theme itself, the investment vehicle, and the fund’s execution strategy.

To help financial advisors better assess which funds are the best fit for clients, our 2025 Investing in Artificial Intelligence Funds report shares a practical framework for evaluation—breaking down the investment into three key components.

1. Evaluating the Theme

The first step in assessing a thematic fund is evaluating whether the underlying theme is well-defined, investable, and durable.

Clarity and Investability

AI is clearly investable, with most funds in this space concentrating on large-cap, highly liquid companies. Our holdings frequency analysis shows a strong consensus on core holdings across AI and big data funds. This is important, as it indicates that investors generally agree on what constitutes AI exposure—typically including chip manufacturers and software firms.

Performance and Responsiveness

The Morningstar Global Artificial Intelligence + Big Data Consensus Index—a proxy for the theme—has behaved in line with expectations. It surged after the launch of ChatGPT 3.5 in late 2022 and responded to geopolitical shocks like US export restrictions on AI chips in early 2025. These reactions confirm that the theme reflects real and distinct risk/return drivers.

Durability and Growth Potential

AI has been an investable theme via funds since at least 2015, making it one of the more mature technology narratives. Its use cases—ranging from customer service automation to drug discovery—are expanding rapidly. But the theme isn’t without obstacles.

Inhibitors to Growth

Two major headwinds could slow AI’s momentum:

• Energy Consumption: The computing demands of AI are enormous and growing, straining existing power infrastructure and raising sustainability concerns.
• Regulation: Geopolitical tensions and regulatory actions—such as export restrictions on chips or emerging AI usage laws—could limit global scalability and increase compliance costs.

2. Assessing the Investment Vehicle

Once the theme is validated, the next step is selecting the right vehicle. While buying individual stocks can offer precision, thematic funds offer important benefits.

Why Choose a Fund?

• Stock-specific risk diversification: They reduce stock-specific risk. For instance, Tesla’s TSLA decline in early 2025 due to Elon Musk’s political activity highlights the downside of concentrated bets.
• Exposure to the value chain: Funds can target high-potential segments within the theme, from AI infrastructure to applications.
• Winner-take-all dynamics: In technology themes driven by scale—such as AI and big data—we often see winner-take-all outcomes. By investing in a basket of thematic stocks, investors can ensure exposure to any potential “shooting stars.”

Portfolio Impacts

Two major US funds focused on the AI and big data theme illustrate the diversity in approaches.

Global X Artificial Intelligence & Technology ETF AIQ

This is the oldest and largest US-domiciled AI ETF, following a rules-based index. It allocates across software (for example, natural language processing, AI-as-a-service) and hardware (for example, chips, quantum computing).

• Selection: Uses a proprietary scoring system to assess thematic relevance.
• Weighting: Applies caps (3% maximum per stock) to avoid overconcentration.
• Stability: Rebalances annually, favoring structured implementation over rapid responsiveness.
• Limitations: The indexed approach means the strategy is slow to incorporate changes in the market, important IPOs, and so on. Despite being indexed, the selection methodology is not fully transparent, and fees are higher than many more vanilla indexed ETFs.

Roundhill Generative AI & Technology ETF CHAT

This newer, actively managed fund targets companies focused on generative AI.

• Focus: High conviction, fewer holdings (often less than 40), and concentrated sector exposure.
• Flexibility: Can quickly pivot to new opportunities—like its early investment in CoreWeave, a cloud infrastructure firm that went public in 2025. However, poor timing decisions on investments such as SoundhoundAI SOUN and SenseTime Group have weighed heavily on returns, highlighting how flexibility can work against the fund, too.
• Challenges: Higher portfolio turnover, greater reliance on manager skill, and higher monitoring demands for investors.
• Differentiation: Excludes well-known names like Tesla and Netflix NFLX because of limited generative AI exposure, and maintains a 25% allocation to the Magnificent Seven (compared with 20% in Global X).

Each fund has its own strengths. Global X offers broader, more stable exposure, while Roundhill aims for a higher conviction full active strategy—which places a higher emphasis on manager skill and therefore warrants even more rigorous due diligence before investing.

3. Implementing Thematic Funds Wisely

Even a well-designed fund can disappoint if misused. Proper implementation is critical.

Portfolio Fit

AI and big data funds are typically highly volatile and sit in the high-growth quadrant of the Morningstar Style Box. They’re best deployed as tactical or satellite allocations—not as core holdings.

• Overlap Risks: Many AI funds have exposure to the Magnificent Seven, already widely held in most portfolios. This concentration risk should be monitored.
• Growth Bias: AI funds often exhibit high beta, amplifying broader market swings.

Timing and Behavior

Investors frequently mistime thematic entries, buying during hype and selling during drawdowns. Given their volatility, AI funds are best approached with a long-term, buy-and-hold mindset.

Valuation Awareness

Chasing themes without regard for valuation can lead to underperformance. Using price/fair value metrics may help pick entry points that will give longer-term investors the best chance of success. For instance, investors who bought into AI funds in September 2022—when valuations were lowest—benefited from the subsequent ChatGPT-fueled rally. However, valuation alone isn’t a silver bullet, as sentiment and narrative often drive short-term flows.

Identify the Right AI Funds for Clients

A winning thematic investment entails selecting the right investment, exposed to the right theme, and deploying it sensibly. By knowing how to efficiently assess US AI funds and beyond, financial advisors can find investment opportunities and deliver value to clients.

At the American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) 2025 Annual Meeting held in June, progress in the treatment of gastrointestinal (GI) cancers took center stage, with several late-breaking abstracts and plenary sessions focused on trials in colorectal, gastric, and gastroesophageal malignancies. In an interview with Targeted Oncology^TM, Patrick Boland, MD, medical oncologist specializing in GI cancers at The Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, discussed some of the biggest abstracts in the space from the meeting.

ATOMIC: Atezolizumab Plus mFOLFOX6 in dMMR Colon Cancer

The phase 3 ATOMIC trial (NCT02912559) investigated whether adding atezolizumab (Tecentriq), an anti-PD-L1 antibody, to standard adjuvant mFOLFOX6 chemotherapy could improve outcomes for patients with surgically resected stage III colon cancer with deficient mismatch repair (dMMR).¹ This patient population is known to have some resistance to fluoropyrimidines and has shown benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors in the metastatic setting.

“These dMMR, MSI-high patients represent probably 10% to 20% of all early-stage colon cancers and about 10% of stage III colon cancers. We know in the metastatic setting that this class of drugs is highly active, and there [are] data that the PD-1 inhibitors have better efficacy than chemotherapy in the metastatic space. So, it’s natural to look at this in the postoperative space: can we cure more patients after surgery?” Boland said in the interview.

The study randomly assigned 712 patients to either mFOLFOX6 plus atezolizumab for 6 months followed by atezolizumab monotherapy for an additional 6 months, or mFOLFOX6 alone for 6 months. At a median follow-up of 37.2 months, the results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in disease-free survival (DFS) for the atezolizumab arm. The 3-year DFS was 86.4% in the atezolizumab arm compared with 76.6% in the mFOLFOX6 alone arm, representing a 50% reduction in the risk of recurrence or death (HR, 0.50; 95% CI, 0.35-0.72; P <.0001). The benefits were consistent across various subgroups, including older patients and those with low- or high-risk disease.

While treatment-related grade 3 or higher adverse events (AEs) were slightly more common in the atezolizumab arm (71.7% vs 62.1%), the safety profile was manageable and consistent with known toxicities of the individual agents.

“I think it immediately changes the standard, once the regulatory bodies act as they should,” Boland said. “I would expect an approval, and I would expect this is going to become standard of care in clinic for patients who don’t have a contraindication to the addition of immunotherapy.”

Despite these promising findings, Boland still has questions about the regimen and its potential use in the real world.

“One question is whether [patients] truly need that full 6 months of treatment,” Boland said. “I think something [else] we will ultimately benefit from is information on [if there are] patients who could get immunotherapy and not chemotherapy.”

“[A] problem is that our imaging-based staging is suboptimal. So, there is significant risk with neoadjuvant treatment that patients who are [at] low risk for recurrence get an immunotherapy drug which does carry some risks. It’s going to be a balancing act, and there’s more work that needs to be done,” Boland said.

MATTERHORN: Durvalumab Plus FLOT in Gastric/GEJ Cancer

The phase 3 MATTERHORN study (NCT04592913) investigated the efficacy and safety of adding durvalumab (Imfinzi), an immune checkpoint inhibitor, to the standard perioperative FLOT chemotherapy regimen (fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin, and docetaxel) for patients with resectable gastric or gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer.² Despite FLOT being standard of care, recurrence rates remain high, prompting exploration of immunotherapy combinations.

“This is a patient group that is at quite high risk of recurrence,” Boland explained. “Perioperative treatment…has been the standard for some time now, with FLOT being the standard for patients who are fit enough to receive it, and many patients receiving regimens like FOLFOX that are less aggressive than FLOT due to fitness… We knew that similarly, the PD-L1–targeting drugs, or PD-1/PD-L1 axis-targeting drugs, improve outcomes in the metastatic space. So, it’s a natural question here: Can we improve outcomes by adding these in the perioperative space?”

MATTERHORN randomly assigned 948 patients to receive either durvalumab plus FLOT or placebo plus FLOT, administered both before (neoadjuvant) and after (adjuvant) surgery, followed by durvalumab or placebo monotherapy. The primary end point was event-free survival (EFS). The results demonstrated a statistically significant improvement in EFS for the durvalumab-FLOT arm, with a hazard ratio of 0.71 (P <.001) and the median EFS not yet reached (95% CI, 40.7-NR), compared with 32.8 months for the placebo-FLOT arm (95% CI, 27.9-NR). An encouraging trend towards improved overall survival (OS) was also observed. Importantly, the addition of durvalumab did not increase the rates of severe AEs or delay surgical procedures or subsequent adjuvant therapy.

“There was a significant improvement in disease-free survival. It looks like it may translate to a smaller overall survival difference. But given the suboptimal outcome of these patients, I think this will be a standard moving forward,” Boland said.

Boland highlighted 2 quandaries he still has regarding the MATTERHORN data.

“There’s a little bit of a dilemma in this space, and I think we still do not fully know how to use the PD-L1 biomarker in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant space[s]. Some data would suggest it matters. At least the data presented thus far in this study suggested PD-L1 did not matter. I think it would still be helpful to see a further PD-L1 breakdown by range.”

Boland also noted that this regimen is not suited for all patients, raising further questions. “The issue I think we are going to run into in clinic immediately is because many patients are not candidates for FLOT, what are we doing for them? Moving forward, we need more information there, and are there, perhaps, modifications [that] can be made to FLOT to improve tolerability while maintaining the efficacy? I do share some concerns that there may be a move where patients end up getting FOLFOX and durvalumab, which is not really what this study showed. And we have a negative platinum doublet and PD-1 study already.”

DESTINY-Gastric04: T-DXd in Gastric/GEJ Cancer

The DESTINY-Gastric04 trial (NCT04704934) was a global, randomized phase 3 study designed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd; Enhertu) compared with ramucirumab (Cyramza) plus paclitaxel in patients with HER2-positive unresectable or metastatic gastric or GEJ adenocarcinoma.³ This study focused on patients who had already received a prior trastuzumab-based regimen, addressing a critical need for effective second-line therapies in this setting.

The results, based on a planned interim analysis, demonstrated a statistically significant and clinically meaningful improvement in OS with T-DXd. Patients treated with T-DXd achieved a median OS of 14.7 months compared with 11.4 months for those receiving ramucirumab/paclitaxel, representing a 30% reduction in the risk of death (HR, 0.70; P =.0044).

“Essentially, this study showed us that the outcomes were better when you look at response rate, progression-free survival, and overall survival with use of trastuzumab deruxtecan over paclitaxel and ramucirumab, and that quality of life was preserved. I think there were no surprising new adverse events…. It is a positive study, and I think it reinforces something that we’ve largely already been doing in clinic,” Boland said.

While treatment-emergent AEs were common in both arms, the safety profile of T-DXd was consistent with previous studies, with no new safety signals. Notably, interstitial lung disease/pneumonitis, a known side effect of T-DXd, occurred in 13.9% of patients in the T-DXd arm, mostly low grade.

“The other thing we think about [with] HER2-targeting drugs [is] cardiotoxicity. They did not see any increase with this regimen vs ramucirumab-paclitaxel, so that is reassuring,” Boland added.

These compelling results firmly establish T-DXd as a new second-line standard of care for patients with HER2-positive unresectable/metastatic GC/GEJA. Boland did highlight that HER2 targeting, while perhaps most known in breast cancer, is different in gastric cancer.

“HER2-targeting is different in gastric cancer as compared [with] breast cancer, where the whole HER2 targeting story really first came into play,” Boland noted. “This study required that patients had HER2 retesting upfront. While some experts have been advocating it for some time, I think there’s some real debate overall as to, do we do that for every patient? I think that question remains, but I think as evidence builds, I think that should be pushing us to look at retesting more routinely as possible. At the very least, it merits a discussion with patients.”

REFERENCES:

1. Sinicrope FA, Ou FS, Peters W, et al. Randomized trial of standard chemotherapy alone or combined with atezolizumab as adjuvant therapy for patients with stage III deficient DNA mismatch repair (dMMR) colon cancer (Alliance A021502; ATOMIC). J Clin Oncol. 43, LBA1-LBA1(2025). doi:10.1200/JCO.2025.43.17_suppl.LBA1

2. Janjigian YY, Al-Batran SE, Wainberg ZA, et al. Event-free survival (EFS) in MATTERHORN: A randomized, phase 3 study of durvalumab plus 5-fluorouracil, leucovorin, oxaliplatin and docetaxel chemotherapy (FLOT) in resectable gastric/gastroesophageal junction cancer (GC/GEJC). J Clin Oncol. 43, LBA5-LBA5(2025). doi:10.1200/JCO.2025.43.17_suppl.LBA5

3. Shitara K, Gumus M, Pietrantonio F, et al. Trastuzumab deruxtecan (T-DXd) vs ramucirumab (RAM) + paclitaxel (PTX) in second-line treatment of patients (pts) with human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (HER2+) unresectable/metastatic gastric cancer (GC) or gastroesophageal junction adenocarcinoma (GEJA): Primary analysis of the randomized, phase 3 DESTINY-Gastric04 study. J Clin Oncol. 43, LBA4002-LBA4002(2025). doi:10.1200/JCO.2025.43.17_suppl.LBA4002

A fully electric truck fleet in Germany would require a quarter of the electricity available for consumption today.

IRU’s two unique decarbonisation modelling tools, developed in-house and endorsed by a university research team in Austria, have been used in a new IRU Intelligence Monitoring to estimate electric truck energy needs and associated CO₂ savings in Europe.

Truck electrification is one of several decarbonisation solutions. As battery-electric trucks become more widespread, they will place increasing pressure on national power grids, many of which are not yet prepared for such demand.

A fully electric truck fleet in Germany or Poland would consume approximately a quarter of the current national electricity supply. For other European countries, consumption ranges between 5-20%.

The CO₂ savings from replacing diesel trucks with battery-electric ones vary from 0% to over 90%.

Explore the full results and tools behind the analysis covering 30 countries in this IRU Intelligence Monitoring.

IRU members and strategic partners have full access to all IRU intelligence services.

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Optimise your operations and make informed, future-oriented decisions with IRU intelligence.

KARACHI:

Positive momentum continued at the Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSX) on Thursday as the KSE-100 index extended its upward trajectory to close at a new all-time high with addition of 342.63 points.

Investor sentiment remained robust, which propelled the benchmark index to intra-day high of 131,325. At close, the market settled at 130,686.66, higher by 0.26%.

The rally was led by index-heavy sectors, particularly oil & gas, banking and power. However, overall trading remained mixed. Among major triggers, Pakistan’s foreign exchange reserves jumped $5.1 billion to $14.5 billion by the end of FY25. This rise reflects improvement in the current account balance and the realisation of planned inflows.

KTrade Securities wrote in its report that the bourse experienced a mixed day as the KSE-100 index encountered general profit-taking, especially in the banking segment.

Notable gains were witnessed in the oil & gas and power categories where Oil and Gas Development Company, UBL, Hub Power, Pakistan Petroleum and Askari Bank added the most points. The report predicted a broadly optimistic outlook, contingent on continued geopolitical stability.

Arif Habib Limited Deputy Head of Trading Ali Najib commented that the PSX witnessed a tug of war between bulls and bears throughout the session. Ultimately, the bulls prevailed, lifting the benchmark index by 343 points (+0.26%) to close at 130,687.

The session opened on a positive note following the State Bank of Pakistan’s announcement a day ago that its foreign exchange reserves stood at $14.5 billion at the close of FY25, in line with the commitment given to the International Monetary Fund (IMF), it mentioned.

The upbeat development triggered a bullish rally, pushing the index to intra-day high of 131,325 (+981 points, or 0.75%). However, the optimism proved short-lived as profit-taking set in, dragging the index to intra-day low of 129,776 (-568 points, or 0.44%), before buyers regained control.

Top contributors to the index included Oil and Gas Development Company, UBL, Hub Power, Pakistan Petroleum and Askari Bank, which collectively added 487 points. On the flip side, Bank AL Habib, MCB Bank, Meezan Bank, HBL and Millat Tractors pulled the index down by 493 points, AHL added.

Overall trading volumes decreased to 899.8 million shares compared with Wednesday’s tally of 1.03 billion. The value of shares traded was Rs43.3 billion. Shares of 468 companies were traded. Of these, 216 stocks closed higher, 236 fell and 16 remained unchanged.

The electric vehicle market continues expanding, and a new car is gaining attention for its sleek aesthetic — without the luxury brand price.

Xiaomi is a Chinese tech company with a strong foothold in the smartphone market. As it expands to selling electric vehicles, the company’s second-ever car, the Xiaomi YU7, is all the rage.

In a YouTube video by Telescope (@telescopesh), a page dedicated to sharing the Chinese car market with the world, the reviewer, Haoran Zhou, talks about the specifics of this hot EV.

“Let’s address the elephant in the room,” the reviewer says. “Is this a Ferrari Purosangue copycat?” 

While the 2025 Purosangue starts just under $430,000, according to MotorTrend, Telescope says the Xiaomi YU7 is expected to cost around the same as a Tesla Model Y (approximately one-tenth of that Ferrari). Plus, it comes with all the added benefits of being electric.

Switching to an electric car is a great way to contribute to a greener future. A study from MIT found that cars with internal combustion engines create an average of 350 grams of carbon air pollution per mile driven over their lifetimes, while it was only 200 for EVs that operate on batteries charging on an average U.S. power grid.

“I can definitely understand if you are one of those people who paid over a million euros for a Ferrari Purosangue and this pulls up alongside you … you’ll go: ‘What the hell is that?’” Zhou continues in the video.

While Xiaomi’s first EV, the SU7, sold well, car experts are expecting the new model to do even better. InsideEVs reported: “It feels like Xiaomi has figured out a way to match the aura of an already good design but make it more accessible to people who don’t have as much money.”

Car fanatics shared their excitement for this new electric vehicle in the comments of Telescope’s video.

“Will buy this in a heartbeat!” one user said.

To maximize your savings while owning an EV, solar panels can fuel your vehicle cheaper than using public charging stations or relying on the grid.

EnergySage makes it easy to compare quotes from vetted local installers and save up to $10,000 on installations.

Join our free newsletter for good news and useful tips, and don’t miss this cool list of easy ways to help yourself while helping the planet.

Pakistan’s plan to use surplus electricity for crypto mining has hit a roadblock after the International Monetary Fund (IMF) reportedly rejected a proposal to offer subsidized power to energy-intensive industries, including Bitcoin miners.

Pakistan’s Secretary of Power Fakhre Alam Irfan told the Senate committee on energy that the IMF claimed such measures could distort the energy market and worsen existing issues in the country’s fragile power sector, according to a report from Urdu-language news outlet Independent Urdu.

Although Pakistan has excess electricity, particularly during winter, the IMF remains concerned that pricing schemes could disrupt the market balance, per the report. Irfan said all significant energy policies must be approved by the IMF.

The Power Division’s November 2024 plan proposed a marginal-cost tariff of 22–23 Pakistani rupees (about $0.08) per kilowatt-hour for industries like copper smelting, data centers, and crypto mining. Officials argued the scheme would boost electricity demand and help absorb surplus capacity.

Related: Strategy’s Michael Saylor to help Pakistan with crypto pivot

IMF cites risk of economic imbalances

The IMF reportedly dismissed the plan, comparing it to sector-specific tax breaks that have historically created economic imbalances in Pakistan, the report said.

Irfan noted that the proposal hasn’t been shelved entirely and is under review by the World Bank and other international partners. He said that the government is working on refining the plan with input from these institutions.

Cointelegraph reached out to the IMF for comment but had not received a response by publication.

In May, Pakistan earmarked 2,000 megawatts of surplus electricity for Bitcoin (BTC) mining and AI centers as part of a digital transformation initiative led by the Pakistan Crypto Council and supported by the Ministry of Finance.

At the time, Finance Minister Muhammad Aurangzeb announced tax incentives for AI centers and duty exemptions for Bitcoin miners to attract investors.

Saqib first proposed using the country’s runoff energy to fuel Bitcoin mining at the Crypto Council’s inaugural meeting back in March. The meeting included lawmakers, the Bank of Pakistan’s governor, the chairman of Pakistan’s Securities and Exchange Commission and the federal information technology secretary.

Related: Can Bitcoin fix Pakistan’s energy problem? The 2,000 megawatt mining strategy explained

Pakistan eyes DeFi yields to grow Bitcoin reserve

Saqib announced plans for a national Bitcoin reserve during the Bitcoin 2025 conference, revealing that a discussion with Strategy’s Michael Saylor reaffirmed his conviction in the move.

Saqib has also said the country intends to expand its Bitcoin holdings using yield generated through decentralized finance protocols.

Magazine: Bitcoin vs stablecoins showdown looms as GENIUS Act nears