Hot Chips—NVIDIA today announced NVIDIA® Spectrum-XGS Ethernet, a scale-across technology for combining distributed data centers into unified, giga-scale AI super-factories.
As AI demand surges, individual data centers are reaching the limits of power and capacity within a single facility. To expand, data centers must scale beyond any one building, which is limited by off-the-shelf Ethernet networking infrastructure with high latency and jitter and unpredictable performance.
Spectrum-XGS Ethernet is a breakthrough addition to the NVIDIA Spectrum-X™ Ethernet platform that removes these boundaries by introducing scale-across infrastructure. It serves as a third pillar of AI computing beyond scale-up and scale-out, designed for extending the extreme performance and scale of Spectrum-X Ethernet to interconnect multiple, distributed data centers to form massive AI super-factories capable of giga-scale intelligence.
“The AI industrial revolution is here, and giant-scale AI factories are the essential infrastructure,” said Jensen Huang, founder and CEO of NVIDIA. “With NVIDIA Spectrum-XGS Ethernet, we add scale-across to scale-up and scale-out capabilities to link data centers across cities, nations and continents into vast, giga-scale AI super-factories.”
Spectrum-XGS Ethernet is fully integrated into the Spectrum-X platform, featuring algorithms that dynamically adapt the network to the distance between data center facilities.
With advanced, auto-adjusted distance congestion control, precision latency management and end-to-end telemetry, Spectrum-XGS Ethernet nearly doubles the performance of the NVIDIA Collective Communications Library, accelerating multi-GPU and multi-node communication to deliver predictable performance across geographically distributed AI clusters. As a result, multiple data centers can operate as a single AI super-factory, fully optimized for long-distance connectivity.
Hyperscale pioneers embracing the new infrastructure include CoreWeave, which will be among the first to connect its data centers with Spectrum-XGS Ethernet.
“CoreWeave’s mission is to deliver the most powerful AI infrastructure to innovators everywhere,” said Peter Salanki, cofounder and chief technology officer of CoreWeave. “With NVIDIA Spectrum-XGS, we can connect our data centers into a single, unified supercomputer, giving our customers access to giga-scale AI that will accelerate breakthroughs across every industry.”
The Spectrum-X Ethernet networking platform provides 1.6x greater bandwidth density than off-the-shelf Ethernet for multi-tenant, hyperscale AI factories — including the world’s largest AI supercomputer. It comprises NVIDIA Spectrum-X switches and NVIDIA ConnectX®-8 SuperNICs, delivering seamless scalability, ultralow latency and breakthrough performance for enterprises building the future of AI.
Today’s announcement follows a drumbeat of networking innovation announcements from NVIDIA, including NVIDIA Spectrum-X and NVIDIA Quantum-X silicon photonics networking switches, which enable AI factories to connect millions of GPUs across sites while reducing energy consumption and operational costs.
Availability
NVIDIA Spectrum-XGS Ethernet is available now as part of the NVIDIA Spectrum-X Ethernet platform.
Learn more about Spectrum-XGS Ethernet at Hot Chips.
Building on the Council Meeting and in collaboration with leaders from business, policy, science, and academia, WBCSD will engage in a series of high-impact events, showcasing business leadership in delivering real, scalable solutions that move beyond ambition to implementation. Join us at Climate Week as we shift from dialogue to implementation—and turn critical conversations into a springboard for decisive action.
It is hailed as a global endeavour to explore the hidden universe – a powerful telescope comprising more than 130,000 antennae being built in outback Western Australia.
Along with a sister telescope in South Africa, the Square Kilometre Array Observatory is a €2bn (A$3.6bn) project tasked with mapping the first billion years of the universe.
One day, the SKAO’s antennae – which look like metal Christmas trees scattered across the desert – could confirm the existence of extraterrestrial life, prove Einstein’s theory of relativity and explain how galaxies have evolved over time.
But while the venture is being lauded as one of the most significant scientific endeavours of the 21st century, the Guardian can reveal that the organisation managing the funds of 16 member states has been rocked by allegations of financial misconduct.
The organisation has denied any wrongdoing.
The SKAO’s antennae resemble metal Christmas trees scattered across the desert. Photograph: SKAO/Max Alexander
The Australian government contribution to the SKAO has blown out by more than $150m from 2020 to 2024 compared with its initial budget, with the additional expenditure partly attributed to funding shortfalls for the project.
In March this year, as the telescope in Australia captured its first images of faraway galaxies using just 1% of its capacity, a former senior employee of the project was filing a “protected disclosure” report calling for an investigation into the SKAO’s financial management.
As an intergovernmental organisation, the Square Kilometre Array Observatory is not subject to national laws or regulatory oversight in Australia where the employee is based, so the complaint went directly to the organisation’s global chair, the Italian astrophysicist Filippo Maria Zerbi.
The concerns outlined in the disclosure had previously been raised with senior staff internally.
In response to the whistleblower’s report, an email from Zerbi – sent in May 2025 and seen by the Guardian – confirms the organisation is conducting an external independent evaluation of the litany of allegations made against it.
The email states that the chair is taking “all necessary actions” in response to the concerns raised, and given the volume of disclosed information, “further external and independent investigation into specific elements is necessary before reaching any conclusions and proceeding with the next steps”.
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The whistleblower has also raised concerns with the financial reporting council in the UK where the SKAO is headquartered, claiming the structure of the organisation had created a “regulatory blind spot” that had allowed for the “systematic deception of 16 sovereign governments”.
The Square Kilometre Array Observatory was established by an international treaty in 2019, endowing it with special legal status; it is immune from normal legal processes and exempt from paying tax. International staff employed on the project in Australia are hired on diplomatic visas.
A bird’s eye view of two completed stations in June 2024. The SKAO is not subject to national laws or regulatory oversight in Australia. Photograph: SKAO
While the UK and Australia are majority shareholders in the project, the total financial contributions of each member nation are not disclosed.
The Australian government announced in 2021 that it would contribute $387m to the SKAO over a decade for the construction and operation of the telescope, with $141m committed over the four-year forward estimates.
At the time, the then prime minister, Scott Morrison, said the project would “help our scientists make more discoveries than we can imagine today, whether it’s better understanding the origin and future of our stars and galaxies, to how gravity works across the universe”.
Portfolio budget statements for the Department of Industry, Science and Resources published since show the total amount spent is substantially more than this, with a total spend of $475m from 2021 to 2025.
A department spokesperson said the additional spending included Australia’s member state contributions to the SKAO Observatory and “Australia’s other commitments to the SKA project, including investment in the Australian SKA Regional Centre and site readiness and local communities”.
“Part of the investment is also leveraging the Australian SKA site’s fibre optic connection to provide connectivity for two communities nearby to the site – the Pia Wadjarri Remote Aboriginal Community and the Murchison Settlement,” the spokesperson said.
The amount spent between 2020 and 2024 was $164m more than initially budgeted in 2020.
The spokesperson said there had been changes to the administered budgeted expenses for the SKA project “due to fluctuations in foreign exchange rates, adjustments to economic parameters, and the reprofiling of funds as part of regular updates to budget estimates”.
In the 2025-26 budget, the government announced an additional $47.9m in the budget’s contingency reserve “to address funding shortfalls for the SKA project” alongside other member nations.
In response to the disclosure, a copy of which has been seen by the Guardian, Zerbi has initiated an investigation into claims that public funds from member states have been lost through trading accounts – and then covered up by the organisation through the shuffling of funds internally.
At the centre of the misconduct allegations is a claim that at least £12m (A$25.1m) was lost through investment in three money market funds, with one fund allegedly losing 45% of its value. The Guardian has seen balance sheet extracts and statements that appear to confirm the investments by the SKAO, which is headquartered at the Jodrell Bank Observatory near Manchester.
The report also calls for an investigation into claims funds are being shifted within the organisation, and currency fluctuations being fabricated to conceal these losses from the governing council overseeing the project.
A spokesperson for the SKAO denied the allegations, but confirmed it was “assisting an independent, external investigation” into them.
“No capital loss has been incurred in these investment holdings. Money market funds are inherently low-risk, highly liquid investments and were selected for SKAO’s investment portfolio for this reason,” the spokesperson said.
“Any reduction seen in the investment balances relates to amounts being redeemed (withdrawn) from the investments to support SKAO’s normal cash requirements, for example to pay suppliers and staff salaries.”
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“SKAO follows recognised best practice, and its financial activities and reports are subject to rigorous internal audits and independent external audits which are reported to Finance Committee and Council. No adverse findings of note have been reported.”
Portfolio budget statements reveal the Australian government contributed $475m between 2021 and 2025 towards the SKAO. Photograph: SKAO/Max Alexander
Other complaints detailed in the whistleblower’s report include allegations that procurement budgets have been mismanaged, leading to delays and change in scope.
One example is the project’s failure to build a permanent power supply to the telescope at the Australian site, which is now being run on temporary diesel generators.
The SKAO website claims power for the project’s central processing plant “is provided by a photovoltaic plant [solar] and energy storage system backed up by diesel generators, generating renewable energy a majority of the time to power the antennas and all site infrastructure”.
However, no solar plant has yet been built. The project is yet to award a tender for the power plant and is allegedly spending more than $1m a year on diesel to power the plant.
A tender document published by the SKAO in March reveals that a “phase one” diesel-operated system for the site is “expected to be operational in early 2026”, with the tender seeking interest to build a “phase two” power plant to integrate renewable energy.
The SKAO spokesperson confirmed that the project would be running on diesel generators until the long-term solar-based plant was operational – expected in late 2028.
“An expert team is implementing a complex multi-stage power procurement process that will result in a long-term power purchase agreement with an independent power provider to build and operate a radio quiet power station with a very high fraction of power generated from solar photovoltaic cells and using a substantial battery energy storage system.”
The Guardian can also reveal that a €5m European Commission grant claimed by the SKAO consortium for infrastructure development was partially clawed back.
A letter sent from the European Research Executive Agency to the UK-based deputy director general of the SKAO, Simon Berry, indicates that the commission was seeking repayment of €3.4m that had already been paid.
It is understood that the amount ultimately recognised by the European Commission was €2.5m of the original €5m grant after many of the claimed costs were deemed ineligible.
The grant, allocated under the Horizon 2020 program, had been intended to support “the detailed design of the infrastructure required” for the telescope sites in Australia and South Africa.
The Australian SKAO site is being run on temporary diesel generators. Photograph: CSIRO/Alex Cherney
The SKAO spokesperson said the grant had been overseen by the SKA organisation – the predecessor company to the SKAO that is in the process of being wound up.
“As is often the case, with a complex major project of this sort, there were some costs deemed ineligible, but by the closeout of the project these were modest in nature and the arrangements resolved amicably between all the project partners and the EC, with the full knowledge and approval from the Organisation’s governance structures,” the spokesperson said.
An “internal update” circulated within the organisation in early July suggests there have also been changes to the project’s scope and schedule.
According to the update, a “programme and schedule risk review” had established “extensions to our Mid and Low schedules”. (“Low” refers to the Australian telescope, while “Mid” refers to the project in South Africa.)
The document also refers to a “budget gap” that will be assessed over the coming months. “Then we’ll look at how we can manage this, through reducing or deferring some of our scope.”
The circular states that the organisation is aware that “our current contingency budget is insufficient to cover the expected ECPs [engineering change proposals] and remaining risk” of the project.
In response to questions from the Guardian about the project’s changed scope, the SKAO spokesperson said: “The scope and schedule of the SKA project, a massive undertaking to deliver the world’s two largest and most complex radio telescopes, are under constant review.
“SKAO Council, comprising representatives of the governments of the member states that make up SKAO and supported by its Finance Committee, has oversight of all such issues. A recent schedule update has been notified to Council and the wider scientific community, and is driven by programmatic not financial reasons,” he said.
Paris, August 20, 2025 – In less than 30 days, Paris becomes the center of the space economy. From September 15 to 19, 2025, more than 1,800 decision-makers, 250+ top-tier speakers, and 600+ organizations from 60+ countries will unite at World Space Business Week (WSBW), the Space Defense and Security Summit (SDSS), and the newly launched Space Innovation Summit (SPIN).
Together, these three flagship events form the world’s most influential gathering of defense leaders, government officials, business executives, innovators, and investors — where strategies are set, deals are signed, and the future of space is defined.
Three Events. One Global Stage.
World Space Business Week (WSBW) | September 15–19, 2025 – Hôtel du Collectionneur 1,400 decision-makers | 200+ top-tier speakers | 600+ organizations | 60+ countries The premier global space business event spotlighting market trends, investment flows, satellite communications, Earth observation, mobility, and space infrastructure.
Space Defense and Security Summit (SDSS) | September 16–17, 2025 – Les Salons Hoche 300+ decision-makers | 60+ global speakers | 50+ institutions | 35+ countries A strategic platform for governments, militaries and industry leaders to address the evolving challenges of space defense, resilience, and security.
Space Innovation Summit (SPIN) | September 17, 2025 – Hôtel du Collectionneur 200+ decision-makers | 80+ organizations | 25+ speakers Novaspace’s newest summit, dedicated to breakthrough technologies, start-up showcases, dual-use innovations, and entrepreneurial visions transforming the space sector.
The strategic proximity of the three events provides an unparalleled environment for connecting with potential investors, innovators, clients, and partners — driving cross-sector collaboration and real deal-making opportunities.
World-class Lineup of Global Space Leaders
Notable confirmed speakers include European Commissioner Andrius Kubilius, General Brian W. Gibson (United States Space Command), General Vincent Chusseau (French Space Command), General Michael Traut (German Space Command), Jeong Gyuheon (Defense Acquisition Program Administration – DAPA), Josef Aschbacher (ESA), Gwynne Shotwell (SpaceX), Adel Al-Saleh (SES), Max Haot (Vast), Jean-François Fallacher (Eutelsat Group), and Ricky Freeman (Amazon Kuiper Government Services) — among many other government representatives, high-ranking officers, C-level executives, investors, and innovators shaping the next era of the global space domain.
A Pivotal Moment for the Space Domain
“With these three summits taking place simultaneously, Paris becomes the decision-making hub for the global space domain,” said Pacôme Révillon, CEO of Novaspace. “We are proud to host the conversations, partnerships, and deals that will shape the industry for years to come.”
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About Novaspace Novaspace is a global leader in space consulting and market intelligence, formed through the merger of Euroconsult and SpaceTec Partners. This strategic move combines the distinctive strengths of both entities to significantly amplify our international presence and service capabilities. With over 40-year legacy of expertise in guiding public and private entities in strategic decision-making, Novaspace offers end-to-end consulting services, from project strategy definition to implementation, providing data-led perspectives on critical issues. Novaspace presents an expanded portfolio of services, featuring combined expertise in management and technology consulting, top-tier executive summits, and market intelligence. Trusted by 1,200 clients in over 60 countries, with offices strategically located in Brussels, London, Montreal, Munich, Paris, Singapore, Sydney, Tokyo, Toulouse, and Washington D.C.
Media Enquiries: Olivia Garnier | Communications Lead | olivia.garnier@nova.space
The development program for the immunotherapy KB707 will prioritize an inhaled formulation of the agent for the treatment of patients with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), according to an announcement from Krystal Biotech.1
As such, the company announced it was also pausing enrollment of the phase 1/2 OPAL-1 trial (NCT05970497) evaluating intratumoral KB707 in patients with locally advanced or metastatic solid tumor malignancies.
The company was also granted an end of phase 2 meeting with the FDA in October 2025 to further discuss developmental pathways for inhaled KB707.
“The acceleration of our work on inhaled KB707 is a reflection of both the clear and acute unmet need that exists for new treatments of NSCLC and the promising efficacy profile we have observed to date with inhaled KB707,” Suma Krishnan, president of Research and Development of Krystal Biotech, stated in a news release. “We look forward to meeting with the FDA and bringing another urgently needed therapeutic option to patients.”
Data from the phase 1/2 KYANITE-1 trial (NCT06228326) presented at the 2025 ASCO Annual Meeting showed that efficacy-evaluable patients with NSCLC treated with inhaled KB707 (n = 11) achieved an overall response rate (ORR) of 27% as of the abstract data cutoff; patients experienced partial response (PR; n = 3), stable disease (n = 5), or progressive disease (n = 3).2 With extended follow-up, the ORR was 36%, with 4 patients achieving a PR.
Regarding safety, any-grade treatment-related adverse effects (TRAEs) were reported in 66.7% of patients, although no grade 4 or 5 TRAEs occurred. The most common any-grade TRAEs comprised chills (25.6%), cytokine release syndrome (CRS; 23.1%), fatigue (20.5%), flu-like illness (15.4%), dyspnea (15.4%), vomiting (12.8%), and pyrexia (10.3%). Notably, the rate of grade 3 CRS was 2.6%.
KB707 Background and KYANITE-1 Overview
The novel gene therapy KB707 is a replication-defective herpes simplex virus type 1–based vector encoding human interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-2. The agent is intended to bring high cytokine doses to the local tumor microenvironment.
In the open-label, dose-escalation and -expansion KYANITE-1 study, investigators enrolled patients with at least 1 measurable lung lesion and a histologically confirmed solid tumor malignancy of the lungs to participate in the KB707 monotherapy portion of the study.
The trial is also enrolling patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed stage III/IV NSCLC to receive KB707 in combination with pembrolizumab (Keytruda) with or without chemotherapy. Notably, eligible patients from the monotherapy cohorts are allowed to roll over to participate in the combination cohorts.
During the monotherapy phase, KB707 was administered at doses ranging from 108 to 109 plaque-forming units (PFU; n = 16). During dose expansion (n = 23), patients received the agent at 109 PFU. The agent was administered on days 1, 8, 15, 36+, and 57+, with tumor evaluation also performed on day 57 or beyond.
Safety, immunologic biomarkers, and preliminary efficacy were the primary objectives for the monotherapy portion of the study.
In the efficacy-evaluable cohort, the median age was 71 years (range, 54-77), and most patients were female (63.6%), had an ECOG performance status of 1 (90.9%), and had stage IV disease (100%). Additionally, 18.2% of patients had a PD-L1 expression of at least 1%, and 45.5% of patients had PD-L1 expression under 1%; PD-L1 status was unknown in 36.4% of patients.
Patients had received a median of 4 prior lines of therapy. Notably, 63.6% of patients had undergone 1 prior line of immunotherapy, and 36.4% of patients had received at least 2 prior lines of immunotherapy.
References
Krystal Biotech announces update on development plans for oncology program KB707 and prioritization of inhaled KB707 for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. News release. Krystal Biotech. August 21, 2025. Accessed August 22, 2025. https://ir.krystalbio.com/news-releases/news-release-details/krystal-biotech-announces-update-development-plans-oncology
Ma WW, McKean M, Villaruz L, et al. Inhaled KB707, a novel HSV-based immunotherapy, as a monotherapy in patients with advanced solid tumor malignancies affecting the lungs: Efficacy and safety results from a phase 1/2 study. J Clin Oncol. 2025;43(suppl 16):2575. doi:10.1200/JCO.2025.43.16_suppl.2575
A British Airways flight attendant was found high on drugs and completely naked in an onboard toilet during a flight from California to London, a court heard.
Haden Pentecost, who was described as agitated, sweating and babbling, had to be stood down by the flight’s manager when he failed to help with any pre-flight safety checks.
After complaining of stomach cramps and saying he needed to change his clothes, the attendant locked himself in one of the plane’s toilets.
A colleague found him there naked and oblivious to the fact he had no clothes on. She had to dress him before moving him into a free seat, the court was told.
The flight attendant was spoken to by the captain before a health professional was called, the magistrate was told.
The court heard Pentecost had dilated pupils, a high heart rate, and had to be checked every 20 minutes until the plane arrived at Heathrow, where paramedics took him to hospital. A blood test later revealed he had methamphetamine and amphetamine in his system.
He has since been sacked by British Airways, the court was told.
Pentecost appeared at Uxbridge magistrates court on Friday, where he pleaded guilty to performing an aviation function while impaired by drugs. The 41-year-old from Basingstoke was granted bail to be sentenced at Isleworth crown court at a later date.
Revolution Beauty is known for its work with influencers and Love Island stars
Troubled fashion brand Revolution Beauty has brought back its former bosses to “reset” the business after failing to secure a buyer.
Co-founders Adam Minto and Tom Allsworth resigned following a series of accounting issues, but on Friday the company said the pair will return to tackle its plummeting sales.
Revolution, which sells make-up and cosmetics online and through concessions, said it had not received any suitable offers since launching a sale process earlier this year and, as a result, it was no longer looking for a buyer.
Frasers Group, owned by businessman Mike Ashley, said it did not plan on making an offer after previously exploring a possible bid.
Frasers Group owns a stake in Boohoo which, in turn, owns a stake in Revolution Beauty – meaning Frasers Group already owns a small chunk of Revolution Beauty.
As part of its attempt to turn the low cost make-up firm around, Revolution Beauty said it would look to raise about £15m by issuing new shares.
The cosmetics company reportedly rejected a takeover bid from specialist private equity firm True earlier this month.
Chairman Iain McDonald said it was “a great brand, but the business has lost its way”.
Revolution Beauty
Adam Minto (L) and Tom Allsworth (R) founded Revolution Beauty more than 10 years ago
While Revolution Beauty sells its products through retailers such as Superdrug and Boots and online fashion websites including ASOS, it also has a strong presence on social media and worked with influencers and Love Island contestants in the past.
Retail analyst Jonathan De Mello said the brand was “in vogue” a few years ago but increased competition and rising costs, with consumers on tight budgets, meant its popularity waned.
However, a turnaround of the business would also require reigniting celebrity endorsements and collaborations to “win those consumers back”, he said.
Mr Allsworth will return as the company’s chief executive, while Mr Minto will take on a consultancy role with a £160,000 per year salary.
The co-founders will be carrying out a “new and refreshed strategy for Revolution Beauty, with a view to returning it to long-term profitability”, the firm said.
Further cost savings are expected, which will include cutting staff to free up an extra £7.5m by 2027.
Mr Minto quit as chief executive in 2022 after accounting issues delayed Revolution’s 2022 results and its shares were suspended.
There were also allegations Mr Minto and Mr Allsworth had made personal loans to an employee and to distributors, which were not disclosed to the board.
Mr Minto agreed to pay Revolution nearly £3m to settle the issues.
News of the pair returning to the company was “a bit of a surprise”, said Mr De Mello.
“They are the people that essentially scaled up the business and made it the success it was.”
“They have a track record of building the brand.”
On Friday, the company revealed a 25.5% drop in sales over the last financial year, with revenues totalling £142.6m in the 12 months to 28 February.
It also reported a pre-tax loss of £16.8m from an £11.4m profit the previous year.
Mr McDonald said: “We are confident that with a return to the founder-led management team who originally scaled the brand, there is a clear path back to growth and long-term value creation.”
Revolution Beauty’s share price rose 10.4% following the announcement.
NEW DELHI (Reuters) -Amazon is lobbying the Indian government to ease its foreign investment rules to allow the U.S. company to buy products directly from Indian sellers to sell in overseas markets, four people with direct knowledge of the matter said.
India currently prohibits companies like Amazon and Walmart from stocking and selling goods directly to consumers, allowing them only to operate an e-commerce marketplace to connect buyers and sellers for a fee. The restrictions, which aim to protect small retailers, also apply to exports.
Amazon executives asked the Indian Commerce Ministry in a meeting on Thursday to exempt exports from the policy – which would allow Amazon India to buy the goods itself from sellers to sell to international customers, the four sources said.
The policy restrictions that Amazon and Walmart face have for years been a sore point between New Delhi and Washington, which are also currently struggling to strike a trade deal.
Three industry groups backing small retailers opposed any more easing of restrictions for Amazon and Walmart’s Flipkart – which also attended the meeting, the sources added.
The retailer groups reiterated their long-standing concerns that Amazon and Flipkart have hurt small Indian retailers for years by favouring select big sellers online, and offering discounts, which hurt smaller businesses.
The U.S. companies have always maintained they comply with Indian laws. On Friday, Amazon India and Flipkart did not respond to Reuters queries.
India’s Commerce Ministry did not immediately respond to Reuters queries.
Amazon said in December it helped to generate $13 billion in cumulative exports for sellers from India since 2015, and plans to take that to $80 billion in total by 2030.
Amazon and Flipkart are leading players in India’s e-commerce market, which was estimated to be worth $125 billion in 2024 and is set to top $345 billion by 2030, according to India Brand Equity Foundation.
Amazon said during Thursday’s meeting that exempting exports from the rules would benefit small sellers as the company could help to facilitate customs clearance processes, giving sellers greater access to international markets, three of the sources said.
“It was a heated meeting … the small traders and their supporters opposed it saying they wanted no concession for foreign e-commerce players,” said one of the four sources, who attended the meeting.
The internal government agenda of the meeting, seen by Reuters, shows New Delhi has not yet reached a decision.
The document said the government wants to ensure that any changes to the policy to exempt exports will not allow foreign e-commerce companies to “engage in direct sale of listed goods/products to Indian consumers”, which would hit small retailers.
Any changes to the policy should “ensure sufficient demarcation between the goods/products meant only for exports and other … meant for sale to Indian consumers,” the government document said.
(Reporting by Aditya Kalra and Aftab Ahmed. Editing by Jane Merriman)
