Category: 3. Business

  • Toyota denies promising $10bn investment in US after Trump announcement | Toyota

    Toyota denies promising $10bn investment in US after Trump announcement | Toyota

    The Japanese auto giant Toyota Motor has denied Donald Trump’s suggestion that it is poised to invest more than $10bn in the United States over the coming years.

    On a visit to Japan earlier this week, the US president claimed he had been told that the carmaker was going to be setting up factories “all over” the US “to the tune of over $10bn”.

    “Go out and buy a Toyota,” added Trump.

    But a senior executive at Toyota – the world’s largest automaker – said that no such explicit promise of investment at that level had been made, although Toyota plans to invest and create new jobs in the US.

    The firm held talks with Japanese and American officials ahead of Trump’s visit.

    “During the first Trump administration, I think the figure was roughly around $10bn, so while we didn’t say the same scale, we did explain that we’ll keep investing and providing employment as before,” Hiroyuki Ueda told reporters, on the sidelines of the Japan Mobility Show in Tokyo. “So, probably because of that context, the figure of about $10bn came up.”

    Toyota “didn’t specifically say that we’ll invest $10bn over the next few years”, Ueda said, adding that the topic of investment did not come up when Akio Toyoda, the firm’s chairman, spoke with Trump at a US Embassy event on Tuesday.

    Trump met with Japan’s new prime minister and first female premier, Sanae Takaichi, on Tuesday. He welcomed Takaichi’s pledge to accelerate a military buildup, while also signing deals on trade and rare earths.

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    During the visit, Takaichi pledged to realise a “golden age” in relations with the US and to “fundamentally reinforce” her country’s defense posture. The two leaders signed an agreement laying out a framework to secure the mining and processing of rare earths and other minerals.

    Reuters contributed reporting.

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  • HKEX CEO: Stock exchanges must band together to stay relevant

    HKEX CEO: Stock exchanges must band together to stay relevant

    Today’s investors have a lot of options for where to invest their money. Between private markets, cryptocurrencies, and other financial instruments, more traditional stocks may look a little old-fashioned. 

    “If you dial the clock back [to] two decades ago, if you had money and wanted to invest, you would call up your brokers and talk about what stocks there are available,” Bonnie Chan, CEO of Hong Kong Exchanges and Clearing (HKEX), said Monday at the Fortune Global Forum in Riyadh.

    “Now, people can get exposure to all sorts of investment opportunities. We’re entering a stage where exchanges are not really competing with one another, but working together.”

    Since the first Bitcoin boom in the early 2010s, investors have increasingly explored new investment instruments, such as cryptocurrencies and other digital assets. 

    Meanwhile, stock markets are performing well this year, with indices reaching all-time highs, in part due to retail investors piling into buzzy companies and investment fads. On Monday, Chan’s fellow panelists, Saudi Tadawul Group CEO Eng. Khalid Abdullah Al Hussan and Nasdaq vice chairman Bob McCooey, noted that investor appetite was returning globally. 

    “The U.S. went through, from the end of 2021, two or three years of tough markets where people couldn’t get public. In 2025, we’re getting some momentum here,” McCooey said, referring to U.S. markets. He added that a growing number of companies want to go public (i.e. list shares for sale on the stock exchange), including private equity firms and government-backed companies.

    Al Hussan also pointed to burgeoning investor appetite in Saudi Arabia’s market, noting that in the last three years, the country went from having eight to nine IPOs a year, to around 40 to 45 annually.

    Chan, from HKEX, pointed out that Hong Kong’s exchanges have in recent times completed close to 80 IPOs. “We went through a phase in the last few years where there were questions as to the invest-ability of Chinese stocks. But I think we have made a lot of progress,” she said.

    She attributed the global rise in IPOs to investors’ desire to diversify their investment and trading strategies, in order to hedge against market volatility from geopolitical uncertainty and new protectionist policies. 

    “They want to put their eggs in more than one basket,” she said, adding that Hong Kong has recently seen a return of international investors. “This year, we’ve seen a strong appetite from investors. They want AI, semiconductors, and names in the green technology space.”

    Aside from tech, Chan noted a new investment trend, which she called “new consumption.” She cited the latest consumer craze for Labubu dolls, collectible plush toys designed by Hong Kong illustrator Kasing Lung. Pop Mart, which sells Labubu dolls in blind boxes, currently has a market value of over $40 billion.

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  • Bank of Canada trims key interest rate, hints at end to cuts – Reuters

    1. Bank of Canada trims key interest rate, hints at end to cuts  Reuters
    2. Will the Bank of Canada pause its easing cycle after delivering another rate cut?  FXStreet
    3. BoC preview: a rate cut is expected but the focus will centre on forward guidance  investingLive
    4. In the news today: Is an interest rate cut coming? Blue Jays win Game 4 over Dodgers  iNFOnews.ca
    5. Canada Economics Brief: Bank of Canada Governing Council Sees Current Policy Rate at “About the Right Level” to keep Inflation Close to 2%  MarketScreener

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  • EU carmakers ‘days away’ from halting production as chip crisis deepens | Automotive industry

    EU carmakers ‘days away’ from halting production as chip crisis deepens | Automotive industry

    Carmakers in the EU are “days away” from closing production lines, the industry has warned as a crisis over computer chip supplies from China escalates.

    The European Automobile Manufacturers’ Association (ACEA) issued an urgent warning on Wednesday saying its members, which include Volkswagen, Fiat, Peugeot and BMW, were now working on “reserve stocks but supplies are dwindling”.

    “Assembly line stoppages might only be days away. We urge all involved to redouble their efforts to find a diplomatic way out of this critical situation,” said its director general, Sigrid de Vries.

    Another ACEA member, Mercedes, is now searching globally for alternative sources of the crucial semiconductors, according to its chief executive, Ola Källenius.

    The chip shortage is also causing problems in Japan, where Nissan’s chief performance officer, Guillaume Cartier, told reporters at a car show in Tokyo that the company was only “OK to the first week of November” in terms of supply.

    Beijing banned exports of Nexperia chips near the start of the month in response to the Dutch government’s decision to take over the Netherlands-headquartered company on 30 September and suspend its Chinese chief executive after the US flagged security concerns.

    Last week car companies in the UK, EU and Japan, including brands such as Volvo, Volkswagen, Honda and Nissan, said the ban on exports from Nexperia factories in China could halt production lines.

    “The industry is currently working through reserve stocks but supplies are rapidly dwindling. From a survey of our members this week, some are already expecting imminent assembly line stoppages,” de Vries said.

    The Nexperia chip ban was a blow to Europe’s car sector, which has already been hit by President Xi Jinping’s decision to reintroduce controls on exports of rare earth exports as part of the escalating trade tensions with the US.

    Xi and Donald Trump are expected to sign off on a trade agreement when they meet on the sidelines of a summit in South Korea on Thursday. The proposed deal would pause the export ban on the crucial minerals for a year, but it is unclear if this will also cover deliveries to the EU.

    Rare earths, in particular magnets, are used across the car industry for window, door and boot openings, while chips are critical to all electronics in vehicles, ranging from dashboard functions to ignition and transmission systems.

    De Vries said while alternative suppliers for chips existed, it could take “months to build up additional capacity”. She said the “industry does not have that long before the worst effects of this shortage are felt”.

    A high-level delegation from Beijing will arrive in Brussels on Friday for talks but there are fears the diplomatic tools deployed by the EU in the past months are not as effective as the hardballing used by the US and China.

    “We know that all parties to this dispute are working very hard to find a diplomatic solution. At the same time, our members are telling us that part supplies are already being stopped due to the shortage,” de Vries said.

    The Dutch government seized control of Nexperia on 30 September, citing lapses in governance. On 4 October, the Chinese ministry of commerce blocked exports of the chipmaker’s products out of China. While most of Nexperia’s semiconductors are produced in Europe, about 70% are packaged in China before distribution.

    The company’s Chinese arm has taken steps toward independence and has resumed selling products to domestic Chinese customers.

    The sources said the Dutch government believes it can negotiate a resolution with China that will restore the company to a unified Dutch-Chinese structure.

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  • Unveiling novel QTLs for nitrogen use efficiency in temperate Japonica rice | BMC Plant Biology

    Unveiling novel QTLs for nitrogen use efficiency in temperate Japonica rice | BMC Plant Biology

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  • Predictive Modeling for Immunotherapy Response in Cancer: From Biomarkers to AI Integration

    Predictive Modeling for Immunotherapy Response in Cancer: From Biomarkers to AI Integration

    Immunotherapy, particularly immune checkpoint inhibition, has revolutionized modern oncology by achieving durable remissions across a wide range of tumor types. Despite these transformative outcomes, only 20–30% of patientsexperience sustained benefit, underscoring a critical challenge in accurately predicting who will respond to treatment. The clinical and economic implications are substantial—given that the global ICI market is projected to surpass $189 billion by 2032, the urgency for precise, clinically actionable predictive tools has never been greater.

    In this comprehensive and forward-looking review, Oisakede et al. explore the rapidly advancing field of predictive modeling for immunotherapy response, encompassing biomarker-driven strategies, artificial intelligence and machine learning algorithms, mechanistic modeling, and multi-modal integration frameworks. Drawing from more than 200 studies, the authors deliver one of the most extensive comparative analyses to date, evaluating predictive accuracy, clinical applicability, and translational readiness across emerging methodologies.

    Key Findings and Conceptual Advances

    Limitations of single biomarkers

    Traditional biomarkers—such as PD-L1 expression, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and microsatellite instability (MSI)—have long served as the foundation for selecting patients who might benefit from immune checkpoint inhibitors. However, their predictive accuracy remains limited.

    PD-L1 expression, for instance, is predictive in only about 29% of FDA-approved indications, and both TMB and MSI show highly variable reliability across cancer types. These inconsistencies stem from biological heterogeneity, differences in testing platforms, and the complex interplay between tumor and immune factors.

    The authors highlight that predicting immunotherapy response cannot rely on any single molecular marker. Instead, multi-parametric models—those integrating molecular, immunologic, and spatial data—are needed to capture the full biological context of the tumor microenvironment (TME).

    The rise of metabolic biomarkers

    Beyond genomics, metabolic reprogramming has emerged as a critical determinant of immune evasion and treatment resistance.
    Tumors with elevated expression of glucose transporters GLUT1 and GLUT3 exhibit enhanced glycolysis, creating an acidic microenvironment that suppresses T-cell activity. This glucose competition between tumor and immune cells not only limits immune effector function but also promotes immune exhaustion.

    Incorporating these metabolic biomarkers into predictive models could refine patient stratification—particularly for tumors that are both metabolically active and immunologically “cold.” Such integrated models could help identify patients who may benefit from therapies that target both metabolism and immune regulation.

    immunotherapy

    Artificial intelligence outperforms traditional biomarkers

    Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) now represent the fastest-growing frontiers in predictive oncology. These approaches are capable of integrating high-dimensional clinical, molecular, and imaging data to uncover complex patterns not visible to human observers.

    • The SCORPIO model, developed at Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, analyzed data from nearly 10,000 patients across 21 cancer types and achieved an AUC of 0.76 for predicting overall survival—significantly outperforming PD-L1 and TMB.
    • The LORIS model, based on six routine clinical and genomic parameters (age, albumin, neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio, TMB, prior therapy, and cancer type), achieved 81% predictive accuracy and showed strong external validation across multiple international cohorts.
    • Deep learning approaches applied to histopathology images have further advanced predictive precision, enabling automated assessment of PD-L1 expression and tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) with AUC values exceeding 0.9 in controlled research settings.

    Despite these advances, one major challenge persists: external validation. Many AI models perform exceptionally well within the institution where they were developed but fail to maintain accuracy when tested on independent patient populations—a problem the authors refer to as the “validation gap.”

    Integrating multi-modal data for precision prediction

    Combining multiple types of data—genomic, spatial, clinical, and metabolic—has proven far more effective than using single-modality biomarkers.
    These multi-modal frameworks have achieved AUC values above 0.85 in several cancers, outperforming traditional metrics. For example, integrating PD-L1 expression, TMB, and immune cell infiltration patterns improved predictive power in non–small cell lung cancer and melanoma.

    Modern spatial profiling technologies, such as multiplex immunofluorescence and digital spatial transcriptomics, now reveal how immune and tumor cells are organized within the TME. This spatial information often correlates more strongly with treatment response than bulk biomarker measurements, underscoring the importance of tumor architecture in predicting therapeutic outcomes.

    Dynamic and mechanistic modeling approaches

    A new generation of mathematical and systems biology models aims to simulate tumor–immune interactions in real time. These models capture key parameters—such as tumor growth kinetics, immune infiltration, and checkpoint blockade dynamics—to forecast treatment outcomes and understand resistance mechanisms.

    Early studies show promising results: some of these mechanistic models can classify responders versus non-responders with up to 81% accuracy in pilot validation cohorts. Although still in early stages, these models complement data-driven AI approaches by offering a mechanistic understanding of immune dynamics, which could ultimately guide personalized dosing, combination strategies, and treatment adaptation.

    Natural Compounds and Metabolic–Immune Crosstalk

    A novel section of the review explores the integration of natural bioactive compounds—such as thymoquinone (Nigella sativa), cucurbitacins (Cucurbitaceae), and organosulfur compounds (garlic derivatives)—which have demonstrated immunomodulatory and metabolic reprogramming effects in preclinical studies. These agents may augment ICI efficacy by:

    • Reducing tumor glycolysis and acidosis;
    • Enhancing T-cell function and cytokine production;
    • Modulating epigenetic regulators such as HDAC2;
    • Inhibiting key pro-survival pathways (NF-κB, JAK2/STAT3, PI3K/AKT).

    Such multi-target actions highlight a potential role for metabolic–immune combinatorial therapy, though clinical validation remains limited.

    Implementation Challenges

    The review identifies three persistent barriers that hinder translation from research to practice:

    1. Validation and reproducibility: promising models rarely replicate performance outside their development cohort.
    2. Data standardisation: inconsistencies in biomarker assays, imaging platforms, and sequencing pipelines undermine generalisability.
    3. Healthcare integration: lack of interoperability between predictive algorithms and clinical information systems delays implementation in real-world oncology workflows.

    The authors call for international standardisation frameworks, similar to those of the Global Alliance for Genomics and Health (GA4GH), to harmonise data collection, model validation, and AI governance in oncology.

    Significance

    This landmark review represents one of the most comprehensive syntheses of predictive model development in immuno-oncology. It bridges traditional pathology and next-generation computational science, highlighting the need for multidisciplinary collaboration among pathologists, oncologists, data scientists, and regulatory bodies.
    By systematically evaluating every major class of predictive approach—from PD-L1 scoring to AI integration—this work outlines a roadmap for clinically implementable, validated, and interpretable models capable of guiding patient selection and optimizing immune checkpoint inhibitor therapy.

    immunotherapy

    Key Takeaway Messages

    • ICIs benefit only a minority of patients; precision prediction is critical for therapeutic success.
    • AI and multi-modal models outperform traditional biomarkers, but external validation remains the main translational bottleneck.
    • Integration of metabolic and spatial biomarkers provides new biological dimensions for prediction.
    • Natural bioactive compounds may enhance checkpoint inhibitor efficacy via metabolic and immune modulation.
    • Future success depends on global standardisation, real-time adaptive modeling, and clinically interpretable AI integration.

    You Can Read Full Article Here

     

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  • Supermicro Announces U.S Federal Entity to Expand Further into the Federal Market — Extensive US-Based Manufacturing of AI Server Portfolio Targets the Federal Ecosystem – Supermicro

    1. Supermicro Announces U.S Federal Entity to Expand Further into the Federal Market — Extensive US-Based Manufacturing of AI Server Portfolio Targets the Federal Ecosystem  Supermicro
    2. Supermicro Expands Collaboration with NVIDIA and Strengthens Compliance, Data Integrity, and Quality of U.S.-Based Manufacturing of AI Infrastructure Solutions Optimized for Government Applications  Supermicro
    3. Super Micro announces creation of Super Micro Federal LLC  TipRanks
    4. DDN Launches Enterprise AI HyperPOD, the DDN AI Data Platform Built on Supermicro, Accelerated by NVIDIA at GTC-DC  Yahoo Finance
    5. Supermicro Announces US Federal Entity to Expand Further into Federal Market  HPCwire

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  • Samsung Powers Pearson’s Revibe Smartwatch-based Solution to Help Children and Adults with Focus and Attention Challenges

    Samsung Powers Pearson’s Revibe Smartwatch-based Solution to Help Children and Adults with Focus and Attention Challenges

    Children and adults face challenges with focus and attention. This not only makes learning difficult but can seriously impact a person’s ability to plan tasks, complete work and finish assignments. With children, the effects of limited focus can be particularly pronounced, inhibiting their educational, social and emotional development.

    Samsung Electronics, a world leader in consumer electronics, and Pearson (FTSE: PSON.L), the world’s lifelong learning company, are collaborating to help children and adults overcome these challenges.

    Pearson recently introduced Revibe, an AI-enabled wearable solution delivered via the Samsung Galaxy Watch7, to help individuals build skills in focus, attention and self-regulation.

    Revibe tracks on-task behavior, fidgeting, work completion and exercise while providing reminders to stay focused, remember tasks and complete work, which, as part of a healthy lifestyle, may help individuals living with conditions such as ADHD.

    By leveraging AI to translate real-time behavioral data into actionable insights, Revibe equips professionals and individual users with data-informed pathways to improve focus in the classroom and beyond.

    Combining Pearson’s proprietary, attention-enhancing software with the Galaxy Watch7, including Samsung’s Knox mobile security platform, Revibe is a discreet, real-time tool designed to help users improve concentration and develop stronger self-regulation skills throughout the day. This collaboration reflects a shared commitment to advancing innovation and creating inclusive, accessible solutions that empower individuals of all ages who are navigating focus and attention-related challenges.

    Galaxy Watch 8

    Using AI and advanced algorithms to understand Galaxy Watch sensor data, Revibe learns each user’s behavior patterns, including attention span, fidgeting, steps, calories burned and more. Revibe’s software then addresses individuals with focus and attention challenges from multiple angles. Vibrating alerts bring the user back on task and bolster executive function, while on-screen “light bulb moments” provide guidance that won’t disturb others.

    Leveraging Samsung’s Freestanding Mode on the Galaxy Watch, Revibe also eliminates smartphone distractions by enabling the Galaxy Watch to operate independently, without a smartphone, for a streamlined user experience. Freestanding Mode is especially important when Revibe is used by children, since most smartwatches are simply an extension of a smartphone, and many schools don’t allow children to carry phones.

    The Revibe app offers users, families, educators, and clinicians a user-friendly dashboard that visualizes progress in near real time, which can lead to more customized support in the classroom and elsewhere to help individuals succeed.

    “With Revibe, Pearson empowers individuals who experience focus and attention barriers, along with their families and support networks, by helping them build the self-regulation skills they need for success,” said Rich Brancaccio, Senior Director, Pearson, and the Founder of Revibe. “After evaluating multiple wearable solutions, we determined that the Samsung Galaxy Watch was the right device for Revibe, offering the ideal balance of a low-distraction interface, extended battery life1 and secure data collection capabilities to serve the needs of these individuals and help them reach their fullest potential.”

    “Samsung Galaxy Watch perfectly fits Revibe’s needs thanks to capabilities such as Samsung’s Knox mobile security management platform, Freestanding Mode, and Kiosk Mode,” said Cherry Drulis, MBA, BSN, RN, Senior Director, Regulated Industry Samsung. “With Knox, Revibe can apply policies to the Galaxy Watch, including software updates to ensure continued compatibility, then detach it from its phone dependency as a freestanding device. Freestanding Mode maintains location tracking so lost devices can be recovered2, while Kiosk Mode keeps Galaxy Watch focused on Revibe’s application, ensuring individuals with focus and attention challenges enjoy easier access with fewer distractions.”

    The Samsung and Revibe collaboration will begin with the Samsung Galaxy Watch7 series and is expected to expand to additional Samsung devices. Revibe will offer the solution to clinical professionals across education and healthcare, as well as individual users, parents, and other care teams.

    To learn more about Samsung and Pearson’s collaboration, please visit: https://insights.samsung.com/2025/10/29/the-power-of-collaboration or watch the video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ILiCdec7rp4

    For more information on the Revibe wearable, please visit: https://www.pearsonassessments.com/campaign/revibe.html

    For more information on Samsung Galaxy Watch7, please visit: https://www.samsung.com/us/watches/galaxy-watch7/

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  • Inflammation in Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID): mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications | Journal of Neuroinflammation

    Inflammation in Neuronal Intranuclear Inclusion Disease (NIID): mechanisms, biomarkers, and therapeutic implications | Journal of Neuroinflammation

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    eNAMPT/TLR4 signaling drives PAH cellular phenotypic switching and lung vascular remodeling | Cell Communication and Signaling

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