Category: 3. Business

  • Novel PLA-Henna composite for sustainable tertiary enhanced oil recovery

    Novel PLA-Henna composite for sustainable tertiary enhanced oil recovery

  • Feng, G. et al. Novel facile nonaqueous precipitation in-situ synthesis of mullite whisker skeleton porous materials. Ceram. Int. 44(18), 22904–22910 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Luminescent properties of novel red-emitting M7Sn(PO4)6: Eu3+ (M= Sr, Ba) for light-emitting diodes. Luminescence 33(2), 455–460 (2018).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Preparation of novel porous hydroxyapatite sheets with high Pb2+ adsorption properties by self-assembly non-aqueous precipitation method. Ceram. Int. 49(18), 30603–30612 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Liao, H., Xu, T. & Yu, H. Progress and prospects of EOR technology in deep, massive sandstone reservoirs with a strong bottom-water drive. Energy Geosci. 5(1), 100164 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Nowrouzi, I., Mohammadi, A. H. & Khaksar Manshad, A. Benchmarking the potential of a resistant green hydrocolloid for chemical enhanced oil recovery from sandstone reservoirs. Can. J. Chem. Eng. 103(1), 230–250 (2025).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khojastehmehr, M., Madani, M. & Daryasafar, A. Screening of enhanced oil recovery techniques for Iranian oil reservoirs using TOPSIS algorithm. Energy Rep. 5, 529–544 (2019).

    Google Scholar 

  • Madani, M. et al. Fundamental investigation of an environmentally-friendly surfactant agent for chemical enhanced oil recovery. Fuel 238, 186–197 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Najafi, S. A. S. et al. Experimental and theoretical investigation of CTAB microemulsion viscosity in the chemical enhanced oil recovery process. J. Mol. Liq. 232, 382–389 (2017).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hasankhani, G. M. et al. Experimental investigation of asphaltene-augmented gel polymer performance for water shut-off and enhancing oil recovery in fractured oil reservoirs. J. Mol. Liq. 275, 654–666 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebouachera, S. E. I. et al. Mini-review on the evaluation of thermodynamic parameters for surfactants adsorption onto rock reservoirs: cEOR applications. Chem. Pap. (2024).

  • Golab, E. G. et al. Synthesis of hydrophobic polymeric surfactant (Polyacrylamide/Zwitterionic) and its effect on enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Chem. Phys. Impact 9, 100756 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lebouachera, S. E. I. et al. Experimental design methodology as a tool to optimize the adsorption of new surfactant on the Algerian rock reservoir: cEOR applications. Eur. Phys. J. Plus 134(9), 436 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khezerlooe-ye Aghdam, S. et al. Mechanistic assessment of Seidlitzia rosmarinus-derived surfactant for restraining shale hydration: A comprehensive experimental investigation. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 147, 570–578 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khezerloo-ye Aghdam, S., Kazemi, A. & Ahmadi, M. Theoretical and experimental study of fine migration during low-salinity water flooding: Effect of brine composition on interparticle forces. SPE Reserv. Eval. Eng. 26(02), 228–243 (2023).

    Google Scholar 

  • Dai, T. et al. Waste glass powder as a high temperature stabilizer in blended oil well cement pastes: Hydration, microstructure and mechanical properties. Constr. Build. Mater. 439, 137359 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Low-temperature preparation of novel stabilized aluminum titanate ceramic fibers via nonhydrolytic sol-gel method through linear self-assembly of precursors. Ceram. Int. 45(15), 18704–18709 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. A novel red phosphor NaLa4(SiO4)3F:Eu3+. Mater. Lett. 65(1), 110–112 (2011).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Synthesis and luminescent properties of novel red-emitting M7Sn(PO4)6: Eu3+ (M= Sr, Ba) phosphors. Process. Appl. Ceram. 12(1), 8–12 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Novel nonaqueous precipitation synthesis of alumina powders. Ceram. Int. 43(16), 13461–13468 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bashir, A., Sharifi Haddad, A. & Rafati, R. A review of fluid displacement mechanisms in surfactant-based chemical enhanced oil recovery processes: Analyses of key influencing factors. Petrol. Sci. 19(3), 1211–1235 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Saberi, H., Karimian, M. & Esmaeilnezhad, E. Performance evaluation of ferro-fluids flooding in enhanced oil recovery operations based on machine learning. Eng. Appl. Artif. Intell. 132, 107908 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Zulkifli, N. N. et al. Evaluation of new surfactants for enhanced oil recovery applications in high-temperature reservoirs. J. Petrol. Explor. Prod. Technol. 10(2), 283–296 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mosalman Haghighi, O. & Mohsenatabar Firozjaii, A. An experimental investigation into enhancing oil recovery using combination of new green surfactant with smart water in oil-wet carbonate reservoir. J. Petrol. Explor. Prod. Technol. 10(3), 893–901 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Synthesis and luminescence properties of Al2O3@ YAG: Ce core–shell yellow phosphor for white LED application. Ceram. Int. 44(7), 8435–8439 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. A novel green nonaqueous sol-gel process for preparation of partially stabilized zirconia nanopowder. Process. Appl. Ceram. 11(3), 220–224 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fu, K. L. et al. Study on Mullite Whiskers Preparation via Non-hydrolytic Sol-Gel Process Combined with Molten Salt Method (Trans Tech Publications, Bäch, 2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lin, C. et al. Elasto-plastic solution for tunnelling-induced nonlinear responses of overlying jointed pipelines in sand. Tunn. Undergr. Space Technol. 152, 105953 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosseini, S. et al. Effect of combination of cationic surfactant and salts on wettability alteration of carbonate rock. Energy Sources, Part A Recovery, Util. Environ. Effects 46(1), 9692–9708 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Tian, K. et al. Effect of amphiphilic CaCO3 nanoparticles on the plant surfactant saponin solution on the oil-water interface: A feasibility research of enhanced oil recovery. Energy Fuels 37(17), 12854–12864 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Abang, G.N.-O., Pin, Y. S. & Ridzuan, N. Application of silica (SiO2) nanofluid and Gemini surfactants to improve the viscous behavior and surface tension of water-based drilling fluids. Egypt. J. Pet. 30(4), 37–42 (2021).

    ADS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunita, P., Irawan, S. & Kania, D. Optimization of water-based drilling fluid using non-ionic and anionic surfactant additives. Procedia Eng. 148, 1184–1190 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bao, Y. et al. Low temperature preparation of aluminum titanate film via sol-gel method. Adv. Mater. Res. 936, 238–242 (2014).

    Google Scholar 

  • Huang, X. et al. Effects of sodium sources on nonaqueous precipitation synthesis of β″-Al2O3 and formation mechanism of uniform ionic channels. Langmuir 41(3), 2044–2052 (2025).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Li, Z. et al. Constructing multiple sites porous organic polymers for highly efficient and reversible adsorption of triiodide ion from water. Green Energy Environ. (2025).

  • Sun, L. et al. Ultralight and superhydrophobic perfluorooctyltrimethoxysilane modified biomass carbonaceous aerogel for oil-spill remediation. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 174, 71–78 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Bhattacharya, S. & Samanta, S. K. Soft-nanocomposites of nanoparticles and nanocarbons with supramolecular and polymer gels and their applications. Chem. Rev. 116(19), 11967–12028 (2016).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mohammed, K. A. et al. Effect of various polymer types on Fe2O3 nanocomposite characteristics: insights from microstructural morphological, optical and band gap analyses. Polym. Bull. 81(15), 13941–13958 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wan, S. et al. An overview of inorganic polymer as potential lubricant additive for high temperature tribology. Tribol. Int. 102, 620–635 (2016).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Parizad, A., Shahbazi, K. & Tanha, A. A. Enhancement of polymeric water-based drilling fluid properties using nanoparticles. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 170, 813–828 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G., Jiang, W.-H. & Liu, J.-M. Luminescent properties of a novel reddish-orange phosphor Eu-activated KLaSiO4. Mater. Sci.-Pol. 37(2), 296–300 (2019).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Synthesis and characterization of dense core-shell particles prepared by non-solvent displacement nonaqueous precipitation method taking C@ ZrSiO4 black pigment preparation as the case. Colloid Interface Sci. Commun. 57, 100748 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Non-solvent displacement nonaqueous precipitation method for core-shell materials preparation: Synthesis of C@ ZrSiO4 black pigment. Ceram. Int. 49(23), 38148–38156 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Feng, G. et al. Nonaqueous precipitation combined with intermolecular polycondensation synthesis of novel HAp porous skeleton material and its Pb2+ ions removal performance. Ceram. Int. 50(11), 19757–19768 (2024).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbood, N. K., Obeidavi, A. & Hosseini, S. Investigation on the effect of CuO nanoparticles on the IFT and wettability alteration at the presence of [C12mim][Cl] during enhanced oil recovery processes. J. Petrol. Explor. Prod. Technol. 12(7), 1855–1866 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Abbood, N. K. et al. Effect of SiO2 nanoparticles + 1-dodecyl-3-methyl imidazolium chloride on the IFT and wettability alteration at the presence of asphaltenic-synthetic oil. J. Petrol. Explor. Prod. Technol. 12(11), 3137–3148 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Negin, C., Ali, S. & Xie, Q. Application of nanotechnology for enhancing oil recovery–a review. Petroleum 2(4), 324–333 (2016).

    Google Scholar 

  • Lashari, N. et al. Impact of a novel HPAM/GO-SiO2 nanocomposite on interfacial tension: Application for enhanced oil recovery. Petrol. Sci. Technol. 40(3), 290–309 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. et al. Injectable polyzwitterionic lubricant for complete prevention of cardiac adhesion. Macromol. Biosci. 23(4), 2200554 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Xu, W. & Liang, J.-Y. Defect-engineered rGO−CoNi2S4 with enhanced electrochemical performance for asymmetric supercapacitor. Trans. Nonferrous Metals Soc. China 35(2), 563–578 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q. et al. A smart mitochondria-targeting TP-NIR fluorescent probe for the selective and sensitive sensing of H2S in living cells and mice. New J. Chem. 45(16), 7315–7320 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, Q. et al. Rationally constructed de novo fluorescent nanosensor for nitric oxide detection and imaging in living cells and inflammatory mice models. Anal. Chem. 95(4), 2452–2459 (2023).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou, Y. et al. Rational construction of a fluorescent sensor for simultaneous detection and imaging of hypochlorous acid and peroxynitrite in living cells, tissues and inflammatory rat models. Spectrochim. Acta Part A Mol. Biomol. Spectrosc. 282, 121691 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hatzignatiou, D. G., Giske, N. H. & Stavland, A. Polymers and polymer-based gelants for improved oil recovery and water control in naturally fractured chalk formations. Chem. Eng. Sci. 187, 302–317 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhang, C. et al. A novel system for reducing CO2-crude oil minimum miscibility pressure with CO2-soluble surfactants. Fuel 281, 118690 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Drexler, S. et al. Effect of CO2 on the dynamic and equilibrium interfacial tension between crude oil and formation brine for a deepwater pre-salt field. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 190, 107095 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Pal, N., Vajpayee, M. & Mandal, A. Cationic/nonionic mixed surfactants as enhanced oil recovery fluids: Influence of mixed micellization and polymer association on interfacial, rheological, and rock-wetting characteristics. Energy Fuels 33(7), 6048–6059 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Henton, D. E. et al. Polylactic acid technology. In Natural Fibers, Biopolymers, and Biocomposites 559–607 (CRC Press, 2005).

    Google Scholar 

  • Davachi, S. M. & Kaffashi, B. Polylactic acid in medicine. Polym.-Plast. Technol. Eng. 54(9), 944–967 (2015).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Taghavi Fardood, S. et al. A novel green synthesis of copper oxide nanoparticles using a henna extract powder. J. Struct. Chem. 59, 1737–1743 (2018).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mehrmand, N., Moraveji, M. K. & Parvareh, A. Adsorption of Pb (II), Cu (II) and Ni (II) ions from aqueous solutions by functionalised henna powder (Lawsonia Inermis); isotherm, kinetic and thermodynamic studies. Int. J. Environ. Anal. Chem. 102(1), 1–22 (2022).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, J. A. et al. Emerging applications of TiO2/SiO2/poly(acrylamide) nanocomposites within the engineered water EOR in carbonate reservoirs. J. Mol. Liq. 322, 114943 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wang, Y. et al. Effect of temperature on mineral reactions and fines migration during low-salinity water injection into Berea sandstone. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 202, 108482 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Farhadi, H., Ayatollahi, S. & Fatemi, M. The effect of brine salinity and oil components on dynamic IFT behavior of oil-brine during low salinity water flooding: Diffusion coefficient, EDL establishment time, and IFT reduction rate. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 196, 107862 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dashtaki, S. R. M. et al. Experimental investigation of the effect of Vitagnus plant extract on enhanced oil recovery process using interfacial tension (IFT) reduction and wettability alteration mechanisms. J. Petrol. Explor. Prod. Technol. 10(7), 2895–2905 (2020).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kamal, M. S., Hussein, I. A. & Sultan, A. S. Review on surfactant flooding: Phase behavior, retention, IFT, and field applications. Energy Fuels 31(8), 7701–7720 (2017).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ali, M. et al. Assessment of wettability and rock-fluid interfacial tension of caprock: Implications for hydrogen and carbon dioxide geo-storage. Int. J. Hydrogen Energy 47(30), 14104–14120 (2022).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Yang, W. et al. Effect of surfactant-assisted wettability alteration on immiscible displacement: A microfluidic study. Water Resour. Res. 57(8), e2020WR029522 (2021).

    ADS 
    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Namaee-Ghasemi, A. et al. Geochemical simulation of wettability alteration and effluent ionic analysis during smart water flooding in carbonate rocks: Insights into the mechanisms and their contributions. J. Mol. Liq. 326, 114854 (2021).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Al-Saedi, H. N., Flori, R. E. & Brady, P. V. Effect of divalent cations in formation water on wettability alteration during low salinity water flooding in sandstone reservoirs: Oil recovery analyses, surface reactivity tests, contact angle, and spontaneous imbibition experiments. J. Mol. Liq. 275, 163–172 (2019).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Khezerloo-ye Aghdam, S., Kazemi, A. & Ahmadi, M. Studying the effect of surfactant assisted low-salinity water flooding on clay-rich sandstones. Petroleum 10(2), 306–318 (2024).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kazemi, A., Khezerloo-ye Aghdam, S. & Ahmadi, M. Theoretical and experimental investigation of the impact of oil functional groups on the performance of smart water in clay-rich sandstones. Sci. Rep. 14(1), 20172 (2024).

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Aghdam, S.K.-Y., Kazemi, A. & Ahmadi, M. Studying the effect of various surfactants on the possibility and intensity of fine migration during low-salinity water flooding in clay-rich sandstones. Results Eng. 18, 101149 (2023).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Dong, Z. et al. A novel method for automatic quantification of different pore types in shale based on SEM-EDS calibration. Mar. Petrol. Geol. 173, 107278 (2025).

    Google Scholar 

  • Heidarpour, M. et al. New magnetic nanocomposite Fe3O4@Saponin/Cu(II) as an effective recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of aminoalkylnaphthols via Betti reaction. Steroids 191, 109170 (2023).

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Asemani, M. & Rabbani, A. R. Detailed FTIR spectroscopy characterization of crude oil extracted asphaltenes: Curve resolve of overlapping bands. J. Petrol. Sci. Eng. 185, 106618 (2020).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ovchinnikov, O. V. et al. Manifestation of intermolecular interactions in FTIR spectra of methylene blue molecules. Vib. Spectrosc. 86, 181–189 (2016).

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

Continue Reading

  • India's economic boom in August fuels sharpest price hikes in over a decade – samaa tv

    1. India’s economic boom in August fuels sharpest price hikes in over a decade  samaa tv
    2. Business activity zooms to an all time high of 65.2 in August: HSBC  Moneycontrol
    3. India Services PMI Hits Record High  TradingView
    4. India’s private sector posts record growth in August: HSBC flash survey  Mint
    5. India flash PMI surges to 65.2 in August on record services, mfg growth  Business Standard

    Continue Reading

  • Haddon solar farm a risk to parachutists, claims councillor

    Haddon solar farm a risk to parachutists, claims councillor

    Joanna Taylor

    BBC News, Cambridgeshire

    Getty Images Rows of solar panels stand in a field. There is a tree standing between two of the rows. In the distance there are more trees. The sky is blue with few clouds. Getty Images

    Wessex Solar Energy has applied to install 40,000 solar panels on farmland

    A proposed 25-hectare (62-acre) solar farm could spell “serious trouble” for parachutists if the government allows it to be built near an airfield, a councillor said.

    Steve McAdam, an independent member on Huntingdonshire District Council, said plans to install 40,000 panels close to Haddon, near Peterborough, could prove hazardous to users at nearby Sibson Aerodrome.

    Earlier this week the council’s planning committee unanimously agreed to oppose the site, ahead of a final decision by the Planning Inspectorate.

    In its plans, Wessex Solar Energy said “full consideration” had been given to aviation safety.

    McAdam said he parachuted as a hobby before his retirement, including while serving with the RAF in Singapore in 1970.

    He said he was concerned about the plans “as a former parachutist”, because the idea of having to perform an emergency landing over a solar farm was “terrifying”.

    Sibson Aerodrome, which is home to organisations including the UK Parachuting and Skydiving Centre and Peterborough Flying School, is situated about five miles (8km) north of the proposed solar farm.

    “If you landed accidentally in the middle of a solar farm, you could do serious damage to yourself,” McAdam said.

    “When you come down on a parachute, you’re travelling at around 15 feet per second. You couldn’t do a parachute landing roll or anything like that in the middle of a solar farm.”

    McAdam added that parachutes could be controlled with steering toggles, but sudden changes in wind direction could put people in “serious trouble”.

    Huntingdon Town Council Steve McAdam is wearing a dark blue collar, a black jacket and a long blank gown. He is standing in front of a wooden doorway and white flag with blue lettering. Huntingdon Town Council

    Steve McAdam said he was concerned parachutists could be injured if forced to land over a solar farm

    Peterborough Flying School has objected to the proposal on the basis of glint and glare, as well as possibly affecting emergency landings following aircraft engine failure.

    The UK Parachuting and Skydiving Centre has been approached for comment.

    An initial plan to build 65,000 panels was rejected by the Planning Inspectorate in November, with it stating in its conclusion that there was “insufficient demonstration that the proposal would cause no harm to the safe functioning of aircraft”.

    However, the latest planning documents submitted on behalf of Wessex Solar Energy said “full consideration” had been given to aviation safety, including carrying out glint and glare assessments.

    The company said its plans would “make a significant contribution to the fight against the emission of greenhouse gases”, with the development being able to power 7,600 homes.

    Continue Reading

  • Asian shares are mostly higher after a mixed finish on Wall Street

    Asian shares are mostly higher after a mixed finish on Wall Street

    MANILA, Philippines (AP) — Asian shares were mostly higher on Thursday after a mixed finish on Wall Street, where shares in Nvidia, Palantir and other superstar stocks pared their earlier steep losses.

    Traders are looking ahead for cues about U.S. monetary policy from a meeting of central bankers that begins later in the day in Jackson Hole, Wyoming. Federal Reserve chair Jerome Powell is due to speak to the conference on Friday.

    The Fed has kept its main interest rate steady this year, primarily because of the fear of the possibility that President Donald Trump’s tariffs could push inflation higher. But a surprisingly weak report on job growth across the U.S. may be superseding that.

    Still, minutes from the Fed’s July 29-30 meeting released Wednesday showed most Fed officials felt the threat of higher inflation was a greater concern than the potential for job losses, leading the central bank to keep its key rate unchanged.

    In Tokyo, the Nikkei 225 fell 0.6% to 42,636.74 after a survey showed Japan’s factory activity remained in contraction for the second month in August. The S&P Global flash Japan Manufacturing Purchasing Managers’ Index (PMI) increased to 49.9 in August from 48.9 in July, just below the 50 level that delineates between growth and decline.

    Regional manufacturers have been feeling pressure from Trump’s higher tariffs on exports to the United States.

    In Chinese markets, Hong Kong’s Hang Seng index edged 0.1% lower to 25,135.09, while the Shanghai composite index rose 0.4% to 3,779.52.

    South Korea’s Kospi jumped 1% to 3,161.74, while Australia’s S&P ASX 200 index added 1% to 9,005.00.

    Taiwan’s TAIEX climbed 1.2%, while India’s Sensex added 0.1%.

    “Asian markets walked into Thursday like a card room still heavy with last night’s smoke — muted, watchful, waiting for the next cue out of Jackson Hole,” Stephen Innes of SPI Asset Management said in a commentary.

    On Wednesday, the S&P 500 dipped 0.2% to 6,395.78 after trimming a 1.1% loss earlier in the day. It is still near its all-time high set last week.

    The Dow Jones Industrial Average added less than 0.1% to 44,938.31. The Nasdaq composite fell 0.7% to 21,172.86.

    The day’s action centered again around stocks caught up in the mania around artificial-intelligence technology.

    Nvidia, whose chips are powering much of the world’s move into AI, sank as much as 3.9% during the morning and was on track to be the heaviest weight on Wall Street following its 3.5% fall on Tuesday.

    But it clawed back nearly all of Wednesday’s drop and finished with a dip of just 0.1%. As it pared its loss, so did broad market indexes because Nvidia is Wall Street’s most influential stock by being its most valuable.

    Palantir Technologies, another AI darling, fell 1.1% to add to its 9.4% loss from the day before, but it had been down as much as 9.8% Wednesday morning.

    One possible contributor to the swoon was a study from MIT’s Nanda Initiative that warned that most corporations are not yet seeing any measurable return from their generative AI investments, according to Ulrike Hoffmann-Burchardi, global head of equities at UBS Global Wealth Management.

    But the larger factor may be the simple criticism that prices for such stock have simply shot too high, too fast amid the furor around AI and became too expensive.

    In other dealings early Thursday, US. benchmark crude gained 30 cents to $63.01 per barrel. Brent crude, the international standard added 26 cents to $67.10 per barrel.

    The U.S. dollar rose to 147.37 Japanese yen, from 147.29 yen. The euro slid to $1.1648 from $1.1659.

    ___

    AP Business Writer Stan Choe contributed.

    Continue Reading

  • Synthesis, dyeing performance and surface finishing effects of aminoethyl methacrylate functionalized stilbene fluorescent whitening agents

    Synthesis, dyeing performance and surface finishing effects of aminoethyl methacrylate functionalized stilbene fluorescent whitening agents

    Materials and methods

    All reagents and solvents were obtained from commercial suppliers and used as supplied without further purification. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectra were determined on a Brucker Avance 500 spectrometer using tetramethylsilane as an internal standard in DMSO-d6 solution. The infrared spectra were determined on a FT-IR 370 infrared spectrometer with potassium bromide tablet pressing technology. The UV spectrum data were obtained using a TU-1810 UV Visible Spectrophotometer. The decomposition temperature was tested by a PerkinElmer TGA 4000 thermogravimetric analyzer. The whiteness and chromaticity index of cotton fiber were assessed using a CTPC whiteness meter. The microstructure of the sample was observed using a JSM-7610 F scanning electron microscope.

    Synthesis of compounds 6a-f

    2,4,6-Trichloro-1,3,5-triazine (1.28 mmol) and cold distilled water (5 mL) were placed in the reactor and subjected to an ice bath. The solution of 4,4’-diaminostilbene-2,2’-disulphonic acid (0.64 mmol), distilled water (20 mL), and saturated sodium carbonate was prepared, slowly dropped into the reactor within 30 min. Then the mixture continued to react for 2 h at 0–5℃. The reaction mixture was heated to 30℃, slowly added an aqueous solution (4 mL) containing 2-aminoethyl methacrylate (1.28 mmol), and small amount of antioxidant sodium sulfite. Then the reaction mixture was heated to 40–45℃, maintained the pH at 6–7 with saturated sodium carbonate, and continued to react for 6 h. The aqueous solution (5 mL) containing amino alcohol or amino acid (1.28 mmol) was dropped into the reaction mixture, raising the temperature to 90–95℃, maintaining the pH at 8–9 with saturated sodium carbonate, and continuing the reaction for 8 h. The three-step reaction process was tracked using thin-layer chromatography, with isopropanol: acetonitrile: ammonia solution = 5:2:3 as the developing agent (V/V). The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature, and the pH was adjusted to 3–4 with dilute hydrochloric acid (10%). An appropriate amount of sodium chloride was added, stirred, and filtered. The filter cake was washed successively with ice water and ethanol to obtain aminoethyl methacrylate functionalized stilbene FWAs 6a-f, light yellow solid with yield of 85–93%.

    Synthesis of 6,6’-(ethene-1,2-diyl)bis(3-((4-(bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amino)-6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)amino)benzenesulfonic acid) (6a)

    Yield 87%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.35 (2 H, NH), 8.52 (2 H, NH), 8.04 (2 H, PhH), 7.62 (4 H, PhH), 7.47 (2 H, CH = CH), 6.07 (2 H, =CH2), 5.70 (2 H, =CH2), 4.25 (4 H, OH), 3.75 (20 H, CH2), 3.00 (4 H, CH2), 1.88 (6 H, CH3); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3346 (OH and NH), 2952, 2886 (CH3 and CH2), 1718 (C = O), 1625, 1538 (C = C), 1415 (C = N), 1173 (S = O), 1020 (C‒O‒C).

    Synthesis of 2,2’-((((ethene-1,2-diylbis(3-sulfo-4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))diacetic acid (6b)

    Yield 85%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.12 (2 H, NH), 8.30 (2 H, NH), 8.01 (2 H, PhH), 7.58 (4 H, PhH), 7.55 (2 H, CH = CH), 6.06 (2 H, =CH2), 5.66 (2 H, =CH2), 4.29 (2 H, NH), 3.82 (8 H, CH2), 3.71 (4 H, CH2), 1.86 (6 H, CH3); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3397 (OH and NH), 3086, 2941(CH3 and CH2), 1749 (C = O), 1623, 1588 (C = C), 1485 (C = N), 1181 (S = O), 1082 (C‒O‒C).

    Synthesis of 2,2’,2’’,2’’’-((((ethene-1,2-diylbis(3-sulfo-4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl))bis(azanetriyl))tetraacetic acid (6c)

    Yield 86%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR(500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.57 (2 H, NH), 8.04 (2 H, NH), 7.80 (2 H, PhH), 7.66 (4 H, PhH), 7.61 (2 H, CH = CH), 6.07 (2 H, =CH2), 5.70 (2 H, =CH2), 4.21 (4 H, CH2), 3.54 (8 H, CH2), 3.39 (4 H, CH2), 1.88 (6 H, CH3); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3328 (OH and NH), 3085, 2954 (CH3 and CH2), 1717 (C = O), 1630, 1591 (C = C), 1482 (C = N), 1168 (S = O), 1084 (C‒O‒C).

    Synthesis of 3,3’-((((ethene-1,2-diylbis(3-sulfo-4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))dipropionic acid (6d)

    Yield 93%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.23 (2 H, NH), 8.38 (2 H, NH), 8.01 (4 H, PhH), 7.78 (2 H, PhH), 7.65 (2 H, CH = CH), 7.58 (2 H, NH), 6.06 (2 H, =CH2), 5.68 (2 H, =CH2), 4.24 (4 H, CH2), 3.70 (4 H, CH2), 3.56 (4 H, CH2), 2.61 (4 H, CH2), 1.86 (6 H, CH3); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3399 (OH and NH), 3086, 2958 (CH3 and CH2), 1705 (C = O), 1621, 1584 (C = C), 1489 (C = N), 1175 (S = O), 1020 (C‒O‒C).

    Synthesis of 4,4’-((((ethene-1,2-diylbis(3-sulfo-4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))dibutyricacid (6e)

    Yield 91%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.19 (2 H, NH), 8.34 (2 H, NH), 8.01 (4 H, PhH), 7.79 (2 H, PhH), 7.65 (2 H, CH = CH), 7.58 (2 H, NH), 6.06 (2 H, =CH2), 5.67 (2 H, =CH2), 4.29 (4 H, CH2), 3.70 (4 H, CH2), 3.56 (4 H, CH2), 2.31 (4 H, CH2), 1.86 (6 H, CH3), 1.76 (4 H, CH2); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3403 (OH and NH), 3121, 2956 (CH3 and CH2), 1701 (C = O), 1621, 1571 (C = C), 1489 (C = N), 1175 (S = O), 1025 (C‒O‒C).

    Synthesis of 2,2’-((((ethene-1,2-diylbis(3-sulfo-4,1-phenylene))bis(azanediyl))bis(6-((2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl)amino)-1,3,5-triazine-4,2-diyl))bis(azanediyl))bis(3-phenylpropanoic acid) (
    6f
    )

    Yield 86%; Light yellow solid powder; 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6, δ): 10.19 (2 H, NH), 8.81 (2 H, NH), 8.04 (2 H, PhH), 7.58 (4 H, PhH), 7.30 (10 H, PhH), 7.22 (2 H, CH = CH), 6.06 (2 H, =CH2), 5.66 (2 H, =CH2), 4.77 (2 H, NH), 4.29 (4 H, CH2), 3.24 (4 H, CH2), 3.03 (4 H, CH2), 1.86 (6 H, CH3); IR (KBr, cm− 1): 3397 (OH and NH), 3084, 2958 (CH3 and CH2), 1716 (C = O), 1623, 1590 (C = C), 1487 (C = N), 1177 (S = O), 1020 (C‒O‒C).

    Cotton fiber dyeing

    Dye solutions with concentrations of 0.10%, 0.20%, 0.30%, 0.40%, 0.50%, 0.60%, and 0.70% of compounds 6a-f were prepared and the bath ratio was 1:50. Cotton fibers were placed in a dyeing bucket and dyed at 20℃, and the dyeing solution was heated by a rate of 2℃/min until the temperature reached 50℃, and then continued to dye for 15 min at this temperature. The stained sample was taken out, washed three times with cold distilled water, dried it naturally at room temperature, and tested for whiteness and chromaticity index.

    Whiteness and chromaticity index testing

    The whiteness value (CIE) and chromaticity index of untreated and dyed pure cotton fiber samples were investigated using a multifunctional whiteness meter with a D65 light source and a viewing angle of 10°. Each sample was tested three times at different locations and the average value was recorded.

    Continue Reading

  • GC Biopharma’s Study on Hunterase Lysosomal Delivery Mechanism Published in SCIE-Indexed Journal

    GC Biopharma’s Study on Hunterase Lysosomal Delivery Mechanism Published in SCIE-Indexed Journal

    YONGIN, South Korea, Aug. 21, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — GC Biopharma, a leading global pharmaceutical company based in South Korea, announced today that it has revealed the delivery mechanism of Hunterase (idursulfase beta), a recombinant enzyme replacement therapy for Hunter syndrome (MPS II). The research findings, detailing the role of N-glycosylation in lysosomal targeting, have been published in the International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, a prestigious SCIE-indexed journal.

    Hunter syndrome (MPS II) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in the iduronate-2-sulfatase (IDS) gene, resulting in a deficiency of the IDS enzyme, which is essential for the degradation of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs). This deficiency leads to the progressive accumulation of GAG within lysosomes, causing a range of symptoms. Thus, effective treatment relies on delivering the therapeutic enzyme to lysosomes to facilitate GAG breakdown.

    For effective lysosomal targeting, the N-glycan structures of the therapeutic enzyme must contain mannose-6-phosphate (M6P). M6P acts as a targeting signal, guiding the enzyme to bind to cells, facilitating its uptake and delivery into lysosomes to degrade GAGs.

    The research utilized high-resolution Orbitrap mass spectrometry to analyze the site-specific N-glycan structures of idursulfase beta (Hunterase). A total of 42 N-glycan structures were identified, with two sites, Asn221 and Asn255, found to be predominantly modified with bis-mannose-6-phosphate (bis-M6P), a structure containing two phosphate groups. The research team explains that this bis-M6P structure ensures the efficient and stable delivery of idursulfase beta (Hunterase) to lysosomes.

    The research team also demonstrated idursulfase beta’s high-affinity binding to the M6P receptors using surface plasmon resonance. Additionally, fluorescence-labeled cellular studies confirmed efficient uptake and lysosomal delivery of idursulfase beta (Hunterase).

    Moreover, several N-glycan structures of idursulfase beta (Hunterase) were found to be modified with sialic acid, which is known to prolong the enzyme’s circulation in the blood, extending its half-life.

    Hunterase (idursulfase beta), according to GC Biopharma, is highly effective for treating Hunter syndrome due to its targeted lysosomal delivery, driven by N-glycan structures modified with M6P and prolonged circulation enabled by sialic acid modifications.

    “This study analyzed the lysosomal delivery mechanism of Hunterase (idursulfase beta), supported by robust scientific evidence,” said Jae Uk Jeong, Head of R&D at GC Biopharma. “With clear evidence of its therapeutic effectiveness, patients with Hunter syndrome can have greater confidence in using Hunterase throughout their treatment journey.”

    About GC Biopharma

    GC Biopharma (formerly known as Green Cross Corporation) is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Yong-in, South Korea. The company has over half a century of experience in the development and manufacturing of plasma derivatives and vaccines, and is expanding its global presence with successful US market entry of Alyglo®(intravenous immunoglobulin G) in 2024. In line with its mission to meet the demands of future healthcare, GC Biopharma continues to drive innovation by leveraging its core R&D capabilities in engineering of proteins, mRNAs, and lipid nanoparticle (LNP) drug delivery platform to develop therapeutics for the field of rare disease as well as I&I (Immunology & Inflammation). To learn more about the company, visit https://www.gcbiopharma.com/eng/

    This press release may contain biopharmaceuticals in forward-looking statements, which express the current beliefs and expectations of GC Biopharma’s management. Such statements do not represent any guarantee by GC Biopharma or its management of future performance and involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, and other factors. GC Biopharma undertakes no obligation to update or revise any forward-looking statement contained in this press release or any other forward-looking statements it may make, except as required by law or stock exchange rule.

    GC Biopharma Contacts (Media)

    Sohee Kim
    [email protected]

    Yelin Jun
    [email protected]

    Yoonjae Na
    [email protected]

    SOURCE GC Biopharma

    Continue Reading

  • Trump has bought more than $100m in bonds in office, disclosure shows | Donald Trump

    Trump has bought more than $100m in bonds in office, disclosure shows | Donald Trump

    Trump’s investments include Meta, Wells Fargo, Morgan Stanley, Citigroup, and T-Mobile, according to filing.

    United States President Donald Trump has bought more than $100m in company and municipal bonds since his return to the White House, financial disclosures show, providing a window into the management of the billionaire’s wealth in office.

    The filings released by the US Office of Government Ethics on Wednesday detail nearly 700 financial purchases made by Trump from his January 21 inauguration to August 1.

    The purchases include bonds issued by the financial giants Wells Fargo, Morgan Stanley and Citigroup, as well as those from corporate household names such as Meta, UnitedHealth, T-Mobile and The Home Depot.

    Dozens of US states, including Texas, Florida and New York, are represented in the purchases of municipal bonds, with Trump’s investments spanning hospitals, schools, airports, ports and gas projects.

    The documents do not provide the value of each transaction, only broad ranges, such as $100,001-$250,000 and $1,000,001-$5,000,000.

    Trump did not report any sales during the period.

    A type of fixed-income investment, bonds are a loan to a government authority or company in exchange for a specified rate of interest.

    The White House did not immediately respond to a request for comment, but US media cited administration officials as saying that Trump and his family were not directly involved in the transactions.

    Under legislation passed in 1978 in the wake of the Watergate scandal, US presidents are required to disclose a broad accounting of their finances, but they are not obligated to divest from assets that could potentially raise conflicts of interest.

    Before Trump, all US presidents going back to 1978, set up a blind trust or committed to limiting their investments to diversified mutual funds upon taking office.

    Trump controversially dispensed with that tradition, instead passing control of his business empire to a trust managed by his children.

    Government ethics experts have for years raised concerns about the intersection between Trump’s governance and his personal fortune.

    Richard Painter, who served as the chief White House ethics lawyer in the administration of former President George W Bush, noted that Trump’s bond holdings stand to rise in value if the Federal Reserve lowers interest rates as he has demanded.

    “When interest rates go down, bond prices go up,” Painter told Al Jazeera. “No wonder he’s leaning on the Fed for a rate cut!”

    While Trump’s exact net wealth is unclear, the Bloomberg Billionaires Index last month estimated the US president to be worth $6.4bn.

    Continue Reading

  • Stoxx 600, FTSE, DAX, Fed, PMI data

    Stoxx 600, FTSE, DAX, Fed, PMI data

    Oli Scarff | Getty Images

    LONDON — European stocks are expected to open broadly higher on Thursday as regional traders keep an eye on the latest economic data from the region.

    The U.K.’s FTSE index is seen 0.11% higher, Germany’s DAX up 0.12%, France’s CAC 40 flat and Italy’s FTSE MIB up 0.13%, according to data from IG.

    Traders will be keeping an eye on the latest flash (or preliminary) euro zone and U.K. purchasing managers’ index data for an indication of economic activity in the region. No major earnings reports are due in Europe on Thursday.

    Asia-Pacific markets mostly rose overnight, with Australian stocks among the top gainers. The positive sentiment in Asia was a departure from the mood on Wall Street on Wednesday as tech stocks dragged the broader market lower. U.S. stock futures were little changed in overnight trading.

    Minutes from Federal Reserve’s July meeting, published Wednesday, showed policymakers are worried about the state of the labor market and inflation, though most agreed that it was too soon to lower interest rates.

    Fed Governors Christopher Waller and Michelle Bowman dissented against holding rates steady, marking the first time two voting Fed officials have done so since 1993.

    Traders are also focusing on key speeches from Fed officials when they convene in Jackson Hole, Wyoming, for the Fed’s annual economic symposium on Thursday. Fed Chair Jerome Powell is due to speak on Friday, with investors looking for clues on the path of interest rates.

    Fed funds futures are pricing in about an 82% likelihood of the central bank cutting interest rates at its next policy gathering in September, according to CME’s FedWatch tool.

    Continue Reading

  • Meta puts the brakes on massive AI talent spending spree

    Meta puts the brakes on massive AI talent spending spree

    The logo of Meta is seen at the Viva Technology conference dedicated to innovation and startups at Porte de Versailles exhibition center in Paris, France, June 11, 2025.

    Gonzalo Fuentes | Reuters

    Meta Platforms has paused hiring for its new artificial intelligence division, ending a spending spree that saw it acquire a wave of expensive hires in AI researchers and engineers, the company confirmed Thursday. 

    The pause was first reported by the Wall Street Journal, which said that the freeze went into effect last week and came amid a broader restructuring of the group, citing people familiar with the matter. 

    In a statement shared with CNBC, a Meta spokesperson said that the pause was simply “some basic organizational planning: creating a solid structure for our new superintelligence efforts after bringing people on board and undertaking yearly budgeting and planning exercises.”

    According to the WSJ report, a recent restructuring inside Meta has divided its AI efforts into four teams. That includes a team focused on building machine superintelligence, dubbed the “TBD lab,” or “To Be Determined,” an AI products division, an infrastructure division, and a division that focuses on longer-term projects and exploration.

    It added that all four groups belong to “Meta Superintelligence Labs,” a name that reflects Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg’s desire to build AI that can outperform the smartest humans on cognitive tasks.

    In pursuit of that goal, Meta has been aggressively spending on AI this year. That included efforts to poach top talent from other AI companies, with offers said to include signing bonuses as high as $100 million.  

    In one of its most aggressive moves, Meta acquired Alexandr Wang, founder of Scale AI, as part of a deal that saw the Facebook parent dish out $14.3 billion for a 49% stake in the AI startup. 

    Wang now leads the company’s AI lab focused on advancing its Llama series of open-source large language models.

    Too much spending?

    While Meta’s aggressive hiring strategy has caught headlines in recent months for their high price tags, other megacap tech companies have also been pouring billions into AI talent, as well as R&D and AI infrastructure. 

    However, the sudden AI hiring pause by the owner of Facebook and Instagram comes amid growing concerns that investments in AI are moving too fast and a broader sell-off of U.S. technology stocks this week.

    Earlier this week, it was reported that OpenAI CEO Sam Altman had told a group of journalists that he believes AI is in a bubble. 

    However, many tech analysts and investors disagree with the notion of an AI bubble. 

    “Altman is the golden child of the AI Revolution, and there could be aspects of the AI food chain that show some froth over time, but overall, we believe tech stocks are undervalued relative to this 4th Industrial Revolution,” said tech analyst Dan Ives of Wedbush Securities.

    He also dismissed the idea that Meta might be cutting back on AI spending in a meaningful way, saying that Meta is simply in “digestion mode” after a massive spending spree. 

    “After making several acquisition-sized offers and hires in the nine-figure range, I see the hiring freeze as a natural resting point for Meta,” added Daniel Newman, CEO at Futurum Group.

    Before pouring more investment into its AI teams, the company likely needs time to place and access its new talent and determine whether they are ready to make the type of breakthroughs the company is looking for, he added. 

    Continue Reading

  • Improving the accuracy of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) incidence estimates among hospitalised adults in Bristol, UK | BMC Infectious Diseases

    Improving the accuracy of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) incidence estimates among hospitalised adults in Bristol, UK | BMC Infectious Diseases

  • Langley GF, Anderson LJ. Epidemiology and prevention of respiratory syncytial virus infections among infants and young children. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2011. https://doi.org/10.1097/INF.0b013e3182184ae7.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Branche AR, Falsey AR. Respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults: an under-recognized problem. Drugs Aging. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40266-015-0258-9.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Branche AR, Saiman L, Walsh EE, Falsey AR, Sieling WD, Greendyke W, et al. Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection among hospitalized adults, 2017–2020. Clin Infect Dis. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/cid/ciab595.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Nguyen-Van-tam JS, O’leary M, Martin ET, Heijnen E, Callendret B, Fleischhackl R, Comeaux C, Tran TMP, Weber K. Burden of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older and high-risk adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis of the evidence from developed countries. Eur Respir Rev. 2022;31(166):220105. https://doi.org/10.1183/16000617.0105-2022. PMID: 36384703; PMCID: PMC9724807.

  • Li Y, Kulkarni D, Begier E, Wahi-Singh P, Wahi-Singh B, Gessner B, et al. Adjusting for case under-ascertainment in estimating RSV hospitalisation burden of older adults in high-income countries: a systematic review and modelling study. Infect Dis Ther. 2023;12(4):1137–49.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Kelleher K, Subramaniam N, Drysdale SB. The recent landscape of RSV vaccine research. Ther Adv Vaccines Immunother. 2025;10: 13.

    Google Scholar 

  • UKSHA, NHS England. Introduction of new NHS vaccination programmes against respiratory syncytial virus (RSV). https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv-vaccination-programmes-letter/introduction-of-new-nhs-vaccination-programmes-against-respiratory-syncytial-virus-rsv. 2024 Jun.

  • Walsh EE, Pérez Marc G, Zareba AM, Falsey AR, Jiang Q, Patton M, et al. Efficacy and safety of a bivalent RSV prefusion F vaccine in older adults. N Engl J Med. 2023;388(16):1465–77.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Falsey AR, Cameron A, Branche AR, Walsh EE. Perturbations in respiratory syncytial virus activity during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. J Infect Dis. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiac434.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Jefferson T, Del Mar CB, Dooley L, Ferroni E, Al-Ansary LA, Bawazeer GA, et al. Physical interventions to interrupt or reduce the spread of respiratory viruses. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2011;2020. https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD006207.pub5.

  • Brooks-Pollock E, Read JM, McLean AR, Keeling MJ, Danon L. Mapping social distancing measures to the reproduction number for COVID-19. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci. 2021;376(1829). https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2020.0276.

  • Choi YH, Miller E. Impact of COVID-19 social distancing measures on future incidence of invasive pneumococcal disease in England and Wales: a mathematical modelling study. BMJ Open. 2021. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-045380.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Fleming DM, Taylor RJ, Lustig RL, Schuck-Paim C, Haguinet F, Webb DJ, et al. Modelling estimates of the burden of Respiratory Syncytial virus infection in adults and the elderly in the United Kingdom. 2015;15(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12879-015-1218-z.

  • Sharp A, Minaji M, Panagiotopoulos N, Reeves R, Charlett A, Pebody R. Estimating the burden of adult hospital admissions due to RSV and other respiratory pathogens in England. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2022;16(1):125–31.

    Google Scholar 

  • Johannesen CK, van Wijhe M, Tong S, Fernández LV, Heikkinen T, van Boven M, et al. Age-specific estimates of respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in 6 European Countries: a time series analysis. J Infect Dis. 2022;226(Supplement_1):S29-37.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenbaum MH, Judy J, Tran D, Yacisin K, Kurosky SK, Begier E. Low levels of RSV testing among adults hospitalized for lower respiratory tract infection in the United States. Infect Dis Ther. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00758-5.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyams C, Begier E, Garcia Gonzalez M, Southern J, Campling J, Gray S, et al. Incidence of acute lower respiratory tract disease hospitalisations, including pneumonia, among adults in Bristol, UK, 2019, estimated using both a prospective and retrospective methodology. BMJ Open. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2021-057464.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Onwuchekwa C, Moreo LM, Menon S, Machado B, Curcio D, Kalina W, et al. Underascertainment of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults due to diagnostic testing limitations: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(2):173–84.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ramirez J, Carrico R, Wilde A, Junkins A, Furmanek S, Chandler T, et al. Diagnosis of respiratory syncytial virus in adults substantially increases when adding sputum, saliva, and serology testing to nasopharyngeal swab RT–PCR. Infect Dis Ther. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40121-023-00805-1.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rozenbaum MH, Begier E, Kurosky SK, Whelan J, Bem D, Pouwels KB, et al. Incidence of respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults: limitations of current data. Infect Dis Ther. 2023;12:1487–504.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Osei-Yeboah R, Spreeuwenberg P, Del Riccio M, Fischer TK, Egeskov-Cavling AM, Bøås H, et al. Estimation of the number of respiratory syncytial virus-associated hospitalizations in adults in the European Union. J Infect Dis. 2023;228(11):1539–48.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Gelman A, Carpenter B. Bayesian analysis of tests with unknown specificity and sensitivity. J Royal Stat Soc Ser C: Appl Stat. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1111/rssc.12435.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Parikh R, Mathai A, Parikh S, Chandra Sekhar G, Thomas R. Understanding and using sensitivity, specificity and predictive values. 2008. https://doi.org/10.4103/0301-4738.37595.

  • Maxim LD, Niebo R, Utell MJ. Screening tests: a review with examples. Inhal Toxicol. 2014;26(13):811–28.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou X, McClish D, Obuchowski N. Statistical methods in diagnostic medicine. 1st ed. Wiley 2002. 50–51.

  • Dawid AP, Skene AM. Maximum likelihood estimation of observer error-rates using the EM Algorithm. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat. 1979;28. https://doi.org/10.2307/2346806.

  • Hui SL, Walter SD. Estimating the error rates of diagnostic tests. Biometrics. 1980. https://doi.org/10.2307/2530508.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • van Smeden M, Naaktgeboren CA, Reitsma JB, Moons KGM, de Groot JAH. Latent class models in diagnostic studies when there is no reference standard–a systematic review. Am J Epidemiol. 2014;179(4):423–31.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferraz MB, Walter SD, Heymann R, Atra E. Sensitivity and specificity of different diagnostic criteria for behcet’s disease according to the latent class approach. Br J Rheumatol. 1995. https://doi.org/10.1093/rheumatology/34.10.932.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hadgu A, Qu Y. A biomedical application latent class models with random effects. J R Stat Soc Ser C Appl Stat. 1998;47. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-9876.00131.

  • Moayyedi P, Duffy J, Delaney B. New approaches to enhance the accuracy of the diagnosis of reflux disease. Gut. 2004;53. https://doi.org/10.1136/gut.2003.034363.

  • Chappuis F, Rijal S, Jha UK, Desjeux P, Karki BMS, Koirala S, et al. Field validity, reproducibility and feasibility of diagnostic tests for visceral leishmaniasis in rural Nepal. Trop Med Int Heal. 2006;11(1):31–40.

    Google Scholar 

  • MacLean EL, Kohli M, Köppel L, Schiller I, Sharma SK, Pai M, et al. Bayesian latent class analysis produced diagnostic accuracy estimates that were more interpretable than composite reference standards for extrapulmonary tuberculosis tests. Diagnostic Progn Res. 2022;6(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41512-022-00125-x.

  • Challen R, Chatzilena A, Qian G, Oben G, Kwiatkowska R, Hyams C, et al. Combined multiplex panel test results are a poor estimate of disease prevalence without adjustment for test error. PLoS Comput Biol. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pcbi.1012062.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyams C, Challen R, Begier E, Southern J, King J, Morley A, et al. Incidence of community acquired lower respiratory tract disease in Bristol, UK during the COVID-19 pandemic: a prospective cohort study. Lancet Reg Heal – Eur. 2022;21:100473.

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris PA, Taylor R, Thielke R, Payne J, Gonzalez N, Conde JG. Research electronic data capture (REDCap)-a metadata-driven methodology and workflow process for providing translational research informatics support. J Biomed Inform. 2009. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbi.2008.08.010.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Charlson ME, Pompei P, Ales KL, MacKenzie CR. A new method of classifying prognostic comorbidity in longitudinal studies: development and validation. J Chronic Dis. 1987. https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9681(87)90171-8.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rockwood K, Song X, MacKnight C, Bergman H, Hogan DB, McDowell I, et al. A global clinical measure of fitness and frailty in elderly people. C Can Med Assoc J. 2005;173(5). https://doi.org/10.1503/cmaj.050051.

  • Lim WS, Van Der Eerden MM, Laing R, Boersma WG, Karalus N, Town GI, et al. Defining community acquired pneumonia severity on presentation to hospital: an international derivation and validation study. Thorax. 2003. https://doi.org/10.1136/thorax.58.5.377.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • National Institute for Clinical Excellence. Pneumonia in adults: diagnosis and management Clinical guideline. 2023.

  • Loader C. Local regression and likelihood. New York: Springer-Verlag; 1999.

    Google Scholar 

  • R Core Team. R: a language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria: R Foundation for Statistical Computing; 2021.

    Google Scholar 

  • Stan Development Team. RStan: the R interface to Stan. 2024.

  • Qu Y, Tan M, Kutner MH. Random effects models in latent class analysis for evaluating accuracy of diagnostic tests. Biometrics. 1996. https://doi.org/10.2307/2533043.

    Article 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Keddie SH, Baerenbold O, Keogh RH, Bradley J. Estimating sensitivity and specificity of diagnostic tests using latent class models that account for conditional dependence between tests: a simulation study. BMC Med Res Methodol. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-023-01873-0.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Makowski D, Ben-Shachar M, Lüdecke D. bayestestR: Describing effects and their uncertainty, existence and significance within the bayesian framework. J Open Source Softw. 2019;4(40). https://joss.theoj.org/papers/10.21105/joss.01541.

  • Campling J, Begier E, Vyse A, et al. A novel approach to estimate the local population denominator to calculate disease incidence for hospital-based health events in England. Epidemiol Infect. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268822000917.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Rogan WJ, Gladen B. Estimating prevalence from the results of a screening test. Am J Epidemiol. 1978;107(1):71–6.

    CAS 
    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • Löwensteyn YN, Zheng Z, Rave N, Bannier MAGE, Billard MN, Casalegno JS, et al. Year-round RSV transmission in the netherlands following the COVID-19 Pandemic – a prospective nationwide observational and modeling study. medRxiv. 2022. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiad282.

  • Stein RT, Zar HJ. RSV through the COVID-19 pandemic: burden, shifting epidemiology, and implications for the future. Pediatr Pulmonol. 2023;58(6):1631–9.

    PubMed 

    Google Scholar 

  • UKSHA. National Influenza and COVID-19 surveillance report: Week 45 report (up to week 44 data). 2023.

  • Savic M, Penders Y, Shi T, Branche A, Pirçon JY. Respiratory syncytial virus disease burden in adults aged 60 years and older in high-income countries: a systematic literature review and meta-analysis. Influenza Other Respi Viruses. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1111/irv.13031.

    Article 

    Google Scholar 

  • Doty B, Ghaswalla P, Bohn RL, Stoszek SK, Panozzo CA. Incidence of RSV in adults: a comprehensive review of observational studies and critical gaps in information. J Infect Dis. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiae314.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Widmer K, Zhu Y, Williams JV, Griffin MR, Edwards KM, Talbot HK. Rates of hospitalizations for respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, and influenza virus in older adults. J Infect Dis. 2012. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jis309.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Mclaughlin JM, Khan F, Begier E, Swerdlow DL, Jodar L, Falsey AR. Rates of medically attended RSV among US adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Open Forum Infect Dis. 2022;9(7):1–10.

    CAS 

    Google Scholar 

  • Wyllie AL, Fournier J, Casanovas-Massana A, Campbell M, Tokuyama M, Vijayakumar P, et al. Saliva or nasopharyngeal swab specimens for detection of SARS-CoV-2. N Engl J Med. 2020. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMc2016359.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Walsh EE, Peterson DR, Kalkanoglu AE, Lee FEH, Falsey AR. Viral shedding and immune responses to respiratory syncytial virus infection in older adults. J Infect Dis. 2013;207(9):1424–32.

    CAS 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Branche AR, Walsh EE, Formica MA, Falsey AR. Detection of respiratory viruses in sputum from adults by use of automated multiplex PCR. J Clin Microbiol. 2014;52(10):3590–6.

    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Falsey AR, Formica MA, Walsha EE. Yield of sputum for viral detection by reverse transcriptase PCR in adults hospitalized with respiratory illness. J Clin Microbiol. 2012;50(1). https://doi.org/10.1128/JCM.05841-11.

  • Jeong JH, Kim KH, Jeong SH, Park JW, Lee SM, Seo YH. Comparison of sputum and nasopharyngeal swabs for detection of respiratory viruses. J Med Virol. 2014. https://doi.org/10.1002/jmv.23937.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • Honein MA, Paulozzi LJ. Birth defects surveillance: Assessing the “gold standard.” Am J Public Health. 1999. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.89.8.1238.

    Article 
    PubMed 
    PubMed Central 

    Google Scholar 

  • World Population Review. Bristol Population 2024. https://worldpopulationreview.com/world-cities/bristol-population. 2024.

    • Continue Reading