Category: 3. Business

A scheme to prevent medical equipment ending up in landfill has saved the NHS £90,000, a local authority says.

Durham County Council was the first in north-east England to launch a scheme of its kind, and said it prevented nearly eight tonnes of equipment from being thrown out in a year.

Special containers are at 12 council-run tips, which have collected 4,300 items so far.

Items people can leave include walking frames, crutches and mobility aids.

James Gilchrist, the authority’s head of environment, said the scheme had brought essential medical items to more residents.

“Strong public support has demonstrated a demand for this service,” he said.

The items are collected by Medequip, the council’s partner in the scheme, and loaned to people who need them.

The equipment was safety tested and sterilised before it reached users, the council said.

The Reform-led council won an award at the National Recycling Awards 2025 for the initiative, in partnership with Medequip and HW Martin Waste.

KINGSTON, R.I. – Dec. 4, 2025 – Coastal wetlands, like salt marshes, keep pace with sea-level rise by accumulating sediment and burying organic carbon in their soils, an important natural process that also helps sequester carbon. Accurately measuring this stored carbon is essential for understanding marsh resilience and informing blue carbon strategies.

But a new study led by Erin Peck, an assistant professor at the University of Rhode Island’s Graduate School of Oceanography, and Serina Wittyngham, an assistant professor at the University of North Florida, identifies a fundamental limitation in a widely-used method for measuring organic carbon in flooded coastal sediments. This gap has implications for global estimates of carbon storage and marsh resilience.

Traditional blue carbon methods assume that all measured organic matter contributes to long-term carbon storage and sediment volume. The new study shows this isn’t always the case. Some organic matter is dissolved in sediment porewater, while other portions adhere loosely to sediment particles or are bound within the internal structure of clay minerals. These forms of organic matter may not contribute to sediment volume, accretion, or marsh resilience.

By examining more than 23,000 tidal marsh sediment samples across multiple marsh systems, Peck, Wittyngham, and their collaborators demonstrated that this overlooked fraction of “volumeless” organic matter can lead to overestimates of both carbon storage and marsh elevation gains. Recognizing this nuance allows scientists to refine their estimates of carbon sequestration and resilience, ensuring that restoration planning, carbon accounting, and predictive modeling are based on the most accurate information possible.

The researchers’ findings were published recently in a peer-reviewed article in the journal Limnology and Oceanography Letters.

“This discovery came out of a simple question,” said Peck. “Serina and I were working on a project, trying to convert different components of a sediment core from mass to volume, and became frustrated that we couldn’t get the math to work out. Eventually, we realized that maybe we were missing something obvious—that not all our masses contribute to volume.”

“We started this ‘thought experiment’ by reflecting on sugar dissolved in water: you can dissolve a large mass of sugar without changing the volume of the water,” Wittyngham said. “This same concept applies to dissolved organic matter in sediments.”

Interdisciplinary collaboration
           

Peck, a geologist, and Wittyngham, an ecologist, emphasized the value of cross-disciplinary collaboration while conducting their research, noting that working together helped them move beyond the standard methods typically used in their individual fields.

“While writing about our research, we reviewed our calculations with modelers, biogeochemists, and a range of other researchers,” said Wittyngham. “This issue could affect anyone working with blue carbon across ecosystems, and we wanted to make sure we fully understood its implications.”

Refining blue carbon science
           

The researchers hope their findings will serve as a starting point for broader collaboration within the blue carbon community. They aim to develop correction factors to adjust previous measurements for volumeless organic matter, addressing this methodological limitation while preserving the value of data already collected.

Peck and Wittyngham emphasized the importance of working with the global scientific community to refine these methods while keeping data accessible. “We’re excited to collaborate with colleagues worldwide to improve blue carbon measurements and ensure the method remains open and usable for everyone,” Peck said.

By identifying and addressing this methodological gap, the study offers a constructive pathway to strengthen blue carbon science, improve coastal management decisions, and enhance predictions of marsh resilience in the face of sea level rise.

This story was written by Mackensie duPont Crowley, digital communications coordinator in URI’s Graduate School of Oceanography.

Driving down the interstate through the dry Nevada desert, there are few signs that a vast expanse of new construction is hiding behind the sagebrush-covered hills. But, just beyond a massive power plant and transmission towers that march up into the dusty brown mountains, lies one of the world’s biggest buildouts of data centers – miles of new concrete buildings that house millions of computer servers.

This business park, called the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center, has a sprawling landmass greater than the city of Denver. It is home to the largest data center in the US, built by the company Switch, and tech giants like Google and Microsoft have also bought land here and are constructing enormous facilities. A separate Apple data center complex is just down the road. Tesla’s gigafactory, which builds electric vehicle batteries, is a resident too.

In the mid-1800s, this area was an Old West boomtown. It’s situated in Storey county where one of the largest deposits of gold and silver in the American west was discovered, lending it the name: “The Richest Place on Earth”. It’s where Mark Twain came to be a miner, then got his start as a writer for the local newspaper. He later wrote about it in his book Roughing It, saying: “The ‘flush times’ were in magnificent flower … money was as plenty as dust.”

The gold rush is long history, but Storey county is once again one of the fastest growing economies in Nevada. A new boom is happening here in the high desert – fueled by artificial intelligence.

The burgeoning tech, which Silicon Valley vows will be the next frontier for humanity, is minting unfathomable trillion-dollar valuations. It’s a product that’s still being tested, and there’s uncertainty as to how exactly it will transform the economy. But that hasn’t stopped its real-world infrastructure from being built at mass capacity and record speed – a frenzy buoyed by hundreds of billions in venture capital funding.

Microsoft, working with OpenAI, announced last month that it plans to double its data-center footprint over the next two years. Amazon, partnering with Anthropic, just opened a major cluster with plans for more. Google, Meta and Oracle are preparing vast buildouts, as is a consortium of companies working with the Trump administration on a $500bn project called Stargate. In all, estimates by consulting firm McKinsey and Company peg global spending on AI data centers to total nearly $7tn by 2030 – nearly twice as much as the GDP of the UK.

The buildup comes at a cost. As the planet’s most powerful companies race to fulfill their dreams of artificial general intelligence – a futuristic version of AI that can perform tasks as well as humans – it means an ever-increasing need for computing power. AI requires far more energy and water than other internet tasks. A ChatGPT query needs nearly 10 times as much electricity as an internet search without AI. And because supercomputers run hot, they typically need intensive water-cooling systems. As data centers continue to multiply in communities around the world – from Frankfurt to Johannesburg – AI’s thirst for power and water shows no signs of letting up.

In a place such as Storey county, which is on the frontline of the climate crisis and has an average rainfall of roughly 11in a year, some locals fear the data centers’ demands could decimate already scarce resources.

That includes the Pyramid Lake Paiute, a Native American tribe, which has lived downriver from where the industrial center now sits, since long before Europeans arrived in the Americas.

“Everyone cannot keep moving to a space that has no resources. Nevada is completely over-allocated on its ground water resources. It’s the driest state in the union,” said Steven Wadsworth, the tribe’s chairman. “Our tribe’s number one goal is protecting our resources. And it makes it difficult when we have partners upstream who are blissfully unaware.”

‘Miracle in the desert’

On a chilly fall day in October, Kris Thompson hopped into his SUV to take a drive. He has a gravelly voice and fading grey hair and works for Gilman Commercial Real Estate Service, which has been the industrial center’s exclusive brokerage firm since its founding in 1998. As he turned onto USA Parkway, the 18-mile highway that cuts through the park, he pointed out the tall yellow cranes dotting the landscape and the constant stream of semi-trucks rumbling by. “You’re gonna see a lot of hard hats and heavy equipment,” he said.

“When I first came up here, there was nothing but desert dirt trails, coyotes, and rabbitbrush,” Thompson said. “Nothing else was here. No roads, no water wells, no businesses, no drainage, no sewer system, nothing.”

Now, the entire area looks like a city being built from the ground up.

“How do you take 160-sq-miles of desert, of high desert in the mountains, and turn that, 25 years later, into the hottest tech and data center development in the United States?” Thompson asked rhetorically. “They had some cowboys up there, and they were willing to think outside the box.”

One of the cowboy masterminds is Lance Gilman, who also owns the Mustang Ranch brothel. He and his partners bought most of the property from the Gulf Oil company in the late 1990s, which had planned to use the expanse of land for a corporate hunting retreat.

Gilman and his western crew were property developers who struck it big on what Thompson said “has to be the greatest real estate deal ever made on the planet”. They paid $20m to buy a vast private ranch – covering more than 100,000 acres – and created the Tahoe-Reno Industrial Center. It has no residential properties and pre-approves most industrial and commercial uses. Essentially, it can fast track the local government permit process.

The center’s swift permitting hooked Tesla into setting up its first gigafactory there in 2014. The company bought 3,300 acres (13.4 sq km), which span an entire mountain, and immediately set to work building a 6m-sq-ft foundation (nearly 560,000 sq meters) for its battery facility. Tesla convinced the county to rename the road leading to its property, “Electric Avenue”.

“That put us up on the global stage,” Thompson said of the mega-manufacturing facility. “That speed is everything. In this economy, if it takes you two or three years to get a permit to start building, your product could be obsolete by that point.”

Switch, which builds and operates some of the world’s largest data centers and rents them to a variety of clients, came next, then Google, Microsoft and more. These companies purchased thousands of acres of land to build their data centers. Tract, which has a similar business model to Switch, purchased 11,000 total acres (44.5 sq km) and pledged to invest $100bn into its data center project.

A Gold Rush-esque boom and bust has already come for the industrial park once before. One of the biggest buyers in 2018, four years before the release of ChatGPT, was multimillionaire Jeffrey Berns, who threw down $170m in cash to acquire 67,000 acres (271 sq km) – roughly two-thirds of the park – through his company Blockchains. His goal was to transform the place into a cryptocurrency utopia, which he described to the Guardian as having a “blockchain based self-sovereign identity that eliminated the need for many politicians and governmental agencies”.

That plan didn’t pan out. So, Blockchains sold 2,200 acres (8.9 sq km) to Tract for $250m and plans to offer long-term leases on the remaining acreage. Berns said he’s now focusing on building a billion-dollar bunker in Switzerland.

Every square foot of Gilman’s land at the industrial center has been sold, according to Thompson. What’s available now are parcels that are being resold. Thompson said the fact that those cowboys were able to transform the dusty landscape into a “tech city” is nothing short of a “miracle in the desert”.

Driving through the tech city, it’s impossible to see the full extent of each company’s construction projects. Google’s complex is triple-fenced and only accessible by private roads. The same goes for other companies, some of which are buried behind desert mountains and towering walls. These businesses are notoriously secretive, citing the need to protect trade secrets, and their security patrols don’t take kindly to curious strangers.

On three separate occasions, private guards told the Guardian to move along when parked on what seemed to be public roads. In one instance, a guard drove up and walked over to the driver-side window. “What are you doing?” he asked curtly. As he peered through the window, he smiled broadly and tilted his head, showing that he was wearing Meta’s smart glasses with the red video recording light turned on.

‘We know what happens when we don’t fight for the water’

Pyramid Lake is the largest lake in Nevada. Situated at the base of several mountain ranges, the lake is owned by the Pyramid Lake Paiute Tribe and entirely surrounded by the tribe’s reservation. They have lived in the region for thousands of years. The Pyramid Lake Paiute’s petroglyphs date back 10,000 to 14,000 years BCE, the oldest in North America.

Wadsworth, the tribal chairman, recognizes the need for data centers, but worries if the ones upriver aren’t kept in check, they could intensify threats to the lake – which is the lifeblood for the tribe. The Truckee River supplies the industrial center with water and also serves as the primary source of water for Pyramid Lake.

“It’s not like we’re out here to be a pain,” Wadsworth said. “We know the destruction.”

In the tribe’s governmental office, Wadsworth, sporting waist-length hair and a white button-up tucked into slacks, walked over to a giant satellite map showing the region’s watershed – from California’s mountains to Nevada’s Great Basin. Next to the deep green of Pyramid Lake is a large, flat, white mass, the remnants of a second lake.

“We know what happens when we don’t fight for the water,” Wadsworth said, pointing to the white mass. “This lake used to be full.”

Lake Winnemucca was once fed by Pyramid Lake, but when the Truckee River was dammed in the early 1900s, Wadsworth said it took less than 30 years for Pyramid Lake to drop 80ft and Lake Winnemucca to dry.

The tribe has been fighting for decades now to protect Pyramid Lake and the native fish that inhabit it, including the endangered cui-ui and the threatened Lahontan cutthroat trout. Some of its efforts include purchasing thousands of acre-feet (one acre-foot is equivalent to 1,233 cubic meters) of water rights and bringing several lawsuits over the years. The tribe also lodged complaints with the local Truckee Meadows Water Authority to ensure any water the industrial park siphons from the river is replenished, according to the MIT Technology Review.

AI data centers need copious amounts of water. Over the last 10 years, data center water use has tripled to more than 17bn gallons (64bn liters) of water per year in the US, according to a Department of Energy report. Much of that is attributed to the “rapid proliferation of AI servers” and is expected to multiply to nearly 80bn gallons (303bn liters) by 2028. While the figure pales against total US water use, 117tn gallons per year in 2015, it still can mean a struggle to meet the demands of both human beings and hot computer chips.

And as data centers continue to proliferate in water-stressed areas around the globe, which can offer cheap land and energy as well as low humidity for easier chip cooling, one of the central concerns in local communities is what happens if the water runs dry.

A large data center using evaporative water cooling consumes around 1m gallons a day, said Shaolei Ren, an associate professor at the University of California at Riverside. He studies AI water consumption and said non-evaporative water-cooling technology can diminish water use, but it’s a balancing act because those systems need more electricity, which, in turn, requires more water.

“Water and energy are not separable,” Ren said.

The industrial park built a reclaimed water reservoir for its data center clients that went into operation in 2023. The project, which cost upwards of $100m, involved constructing a 21-mile pipeline to pump effluent from a wastewater treatment plant to the industrial park. While seen as an alternative to taking water directly from the Truckee River, Wadsworth said the effluent previously would’ve been treated and deposited back into the river. So, the tribe still got involved to ensure the river maintained its flow.

Some environmentalists question putting data centers in any drought-prone region, especially as the climate crisis accelerates.

“This place is being touted as the epicenter of the energy revolution, the data revolution, the tech revolution,” said Kyle Roerink, the executive director of the Great Basin Water Network, which works to protect water resources in the region. “But they’re never going to be making water.”

‘We just don’t have the power capacity’

The largest data center in the US is tucked into the industrial park. The sleek grey building with red accents is more than half a mile long, 1.3m-sq-ft, and has the capacity for 130 megawatts of electricity – enough to power 100,000 homes a year. It’s owned by Switch, the company’s first data center in what is now a sprawling campus called “The Citadel.”

The entrance to the “Citadel” does give the impression of a fortress. Its entrance sits high on a giant pile of crushed rocks surrounded by 20-ft cement walls topped with dagger-like iron stakes. Guests drive in through a metal gate and security guards in bullet-proof vests hold visitors’ IDs for the duration of their visit.

The campus, which comes with its own power substation and water reservoir, has multiple gargantuan data centers terraced up into a valley, and Switch is building several more. The company says that when the Citadel is done, it will have approximately 10m-sq-ft (930,000 sq meters) of data centers combined.

Inside Switch’s biggest data center, Reno 1, noisy wall-sized fans blow air over the computers to keep them cool. Rows of identical servers behind black mesh gates line long aisles, an infinite, blinking hall of mirrors. The room is dimly lit except for the servers’ blue and green LEDs as they perform incredibly complex computations.

Data centers like this are cropping up worldwide, which means not only an intensified strain on water, but also power. Google wrote in its latest sustainability report that it has seen a 51% increase in carbon emissions in its operations since 2019, while Microsoft had a 23% increase since 2020. Amazon and Meta also saw increases over the last few years, with rises of 33% and 64%, respectively. Some researchers say those are undercounts.

The International Energy Agency estimates total electricity consumption from data centers worldwide could double by 2026 from 2022 levels – roughly equaling the amount used per year as the entire country of Japan. In the US, about 60% of electricity comes from burning fossil fuels, a predominant driver of the climate crisis.

“These are large cities in terms of their electricity consumption,” Ari Peskoe, the director of Harvard’s Electricity Law Initiative, said of data centers. “And then, utilities and other power generators are having a massive buildout of natural gas-fired power plants to support this growth.”

Some companies, like Elon Musk’s xAI, have added huge temporary methane gas generators to supply additional energy to their facilities. And, in data center-heavy regions across the US, plans to decommission coal plants have been delayed to keep electricity flowing. Research analysts for Goldman Sachs say they “expect the proliferation of AI technology, and the data centers necessary to feed it, to drive an increase in power demand the likes of which hasn’t been seen in a generation”.

The power plant that serves the industrial center runs on natural gas and is owned by NV Energy, a utility acquired by Warren Buffett’s Berkshire Hathaway in 2013. The utility has received regulatory approval for at least four new natural gas units over the last couple of years. Meghin Delaney, a company spokesperson, said NV Energy also has several renewable energy projects and requires large energy users, like data centers, to “cover transmission and distribution costs upfront before new projects are built”.

One of Switch’s focus is green design and energy efficiency. The company says its data centers are completely powered by renewable energy and what it uses from natural gas facilities, it feeds back to the grid from solar and wind projects. Jason Hoffman, the chief strategy officer for Switch, said the company has spent more than “$20bn in 100% green financing since 2024”. Switch was also a major sponsor of the reclaimed water reservoir at the industrial center.

Google, Amazon, Microsoft, Meta and Apple are also tapping into solar and wind to fuel their data center ambitions. Some tech giants are investing in nuclear and geothermal energy. Apple says its data centers in the Reno area run entirely on solar power.

Tesla, Meta and Tract did not respond to requests for comment. Spokespeople for Microsoft, Apple and Amazon declined to comment but pointed the Guardian to their company’s sustainability reports. Chrissy Moy, a Google spokesperson, said the company uses air cooling in its Storey county data centers; and despite a rise in carbon emissions, she said Google saw a 12% reduction in data center energy emissions in 2024, which the company attributes to “bringing new clean energy online”.

On the reservation at Pyramid Lake, Wadsworth said rolling brownouts are common during the hot summer months. “Right around 5 o’clock, everybody gets home, and the power will dip multiple times,” he said. He’s concerned it will only get worse with the deluge of data centers, adding, “We just don’t have the power capacity to keep running all of these things.”

Wild horses

Back on the USA Parkway, Thompson steered his SUV through the industrial center’s mountains. He said about 75% of the calls he now gets are from businesses wanting to secure land for data centers. Thompson has spent years on this land, and its development is a point of pride. So is its preservation. He looked out at the arid terrain gesturing to a cluster of scruffy pinyon pines and rabbitbrush that painted the hillside yellow with blooms. A pair of wild horses grazed nearby.

Thompson said the park and its high-tech residents do what they can to protect the horses, which were originally brought to the Americas by Spanish conquistadors and now run wild throughout Nevada’s deserts. The horses are seen by some as controversial, as herds can overrun the hills, trampling the distinct natural landscape. But, in the industrial park, the tech companies love them, Thompson said.

“You know, these tech rogues see themselves in the wild horses,” Thompson said. “They’re independent, they’re running free, they’re self-reliant, they’re doing their own thing.” Which sometimes means a trampling stampede.

Nieuwsbericht04-12-2025 | 12:32

From 16–21 May 2026, Novi Sad, Serbia will host the 93rd International Agricultural Fair — the oldest, largest, and most influential agricultural fair in the Western Balkans. With up to 300,000 visitors, including high-level officials, agri-industry leaders, and key decision-makers, the fair stands as the regional platform where innovation meets market demand.

For Dutch Agritech companies aiming to expand in Southeast Europe, this event offers direct access to a rapidly developing agri-food sector that actively seeks modern, sustainable, and efficient solutions — areas where the Netherlands leads globally.

Vergroot afbeelding

Why the Western Balkans market matters for Dutch Agritech

Agriculture is a key economic sector in Serbia and the surrounding region, and the Western Balkans are modernizing rapidly. Developments driven by EU alignment, sustainability goals, digital transformation, and climate-related challenges are creating strong demand for advanced, efficient, and future-proof agricultural solutions.

Farmers, processors, and distributors across the region are actively looking for new technologies, knowledge, and partnerships that can help improve productivity, quality, and resilience. As a global leader in agricultural innovation, the Netherlands is well positioned to support this transition — and the Novi Sad International Agricultural Fair provides an ideal platform to demonstrate Dutch expertise and connect with regional stakeholders.

Vergroot afbeelding

The Orange Pavilion 2026: Your Gateway to Regional Visibility

The LAN Team of the Netherlands Embassy in Belgrade intends to once again organize the Orange Pavilion at the 2026 fair. Built on the success of previous editions, this joint national stand has become a trusted and well-recognized platform for Dutch companies entering or expanding in the region.

Benefits for Dutch Agritech companies:

Maximum Visibility

The Orange Pavilion is one of the most visited and photographed stands at the fair, attracting:

• Government delegations
• Regional agribusiness leaders
• Importers and distributors
• Media and press outlets
• Investors and project partners

This ensures your technology stands out in a crowded marketplace.

Full Logistical Support

The Embassy manages the design, construction, organization, and basic services of the national stand — allowing you to focus entirely on business development and client meetings.

Direct Access to Buyers and Partners

Connect with thousands of potential clients in one week, including farmers, cooperatives, processors, retailers, and input suppliers.

Networking Events and Seminar

The Embassy will host:

• A networking reception
• A professional seminar
• Tailored B2B introductions

These events provide valuable opportunities to build the right connections and explore partnerships in Serbia and the wider Western Balkans.

Interested in joining? Let us know — we’d love to have you as part of the Orange Pavilion in 2026! For more information, please contact us at BEL-LVVN@minbuza.nl  

*Final decision on the Pavilion depends on interest shown (expected January 2026).