SYDNEY, July 2 (Xinhua) — Antarctic summer sea ice is retreating at record speeds, unleashing a chain reaction of environmental and social consequences that Australian experts say could profoundly alter the global climate and ecosystems, new research has revealed.
Record lows in sea-ice extent are exposing coastlines, warming oceans, and disrupting delicate ecosystems, while also fueling public anxiety about climate change, according to the study led by the Australian Antarctic Program Partnership (AAPP) at the University of Tasmania.
The research, synthesizing impacts across ocean systems, ecosystems, and human societies, reveals that extreme sea-ice lows, like those observed in recent years, trigger three interconnected crises, said an AAPP release on Tuesday.
As sea ice vanishes, Antarctica’s coastline loses its protective barrier, leading to increased wave damage, faster ice-shelf weakening, and more iceberg calving, with six extra icebergs per 100,000 km² lost, heightening sea-level rise risks, according to the study’s lead author Edward Doddridge from the AAPP.
As sea ice disappears, dark open waters absorb more solar heat, and algae blooms in these areas further trap warmth, driving a persistent, self-reinforcing cycle of ocean warming, said the study published in PNAS Nexus, an extension of the U.S. journal Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences for high-impact, emerging research.
Loss of sea ice disrupts breeding for emperor penguins and seals, deprives krill of vital habitat, and threatens to destabilize the entire Southern Ocean food web, the researchers said.
The study also links increased media coverage of Antarctic ice loss to rising climate anxiety and mental health concerns, with public interest peaking during 2023’s record sea-ice lows. ■
A new technology that uses clinical MRI machines to image metabolic activity in the brain could give researchers and clinicians unique insight into brain function and disease, researchers at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign report. The non-invasive, high-resolution metabolic imaging of the whole brain revealed differences in metabolic activity and neurotransmitter levels among brain regions; found metabolic alterations in brain tumors; and mapped and characterized multiple sclerosis lesions — with patients only spending minutes in an MRI scanner.
Led by Zhi-Pei Liang, a professor of electrical and computer engineering and a member of the Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology at the U. of I., the team reported its findings in the journal Nature Biomedical Engineering.
“Understanding the brain, how it works and what goes wrong when it is injured or diseased is considered one of the most exciting and challenging scientific endeavors of our time,” Liang said. “MRI has played major roles in unlocking the mysteries of the brain over the past four decades. Our new technology adds another dimension to MRI’s capability for brain imaging: visualization of brain metabolism and detection of metabolic alterations associated with brain diseases.”
Conventional MRI provides high-resolution, detailed imaging of brain structures. Functional MRI maps brain activity by detecting changes in blood flow and blood oxygenation level, which are closely linked to neural activity. However, they cannot provide information on the metabolic activity in the brain, which is important for understanding function and disease, said postdoctoral researcher Yibo Zhao, the first author of the paper.
“Metabolic and physiological changes often occur before structural and functional abnormalities are visible on conventional MRI and fMRI images,” Zhao said. “Metabolic imaging, therefore, can lead to early diagnosis and intervention of brain diseases.”
Both MRI and fMRI techniques are based on magnetic resonance signals from water molecules. The new technology measures signals from brain metabolites and neurotransmitters as well as water molecules, a technique known as magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. These MRSI images can provide significant new insights into brain function and disease processes, and could improve sensitivity and specificity for the detection and diagnosis of brain diseases, Zhao said.
Other attempts at MRSI have been bogged down by the lengthy times required to capture the images and high levels of noise obscuring the signals from neurotransmitters. The new technique addresses both challenges.
“Our technology overcomes several long-standing technical barriers to fast high-resolution metabolic imaging by synergistically integrating ultrafast data acquisition with physics-based machine learning methods for data processing,” Liang said. With the new MRSI technology, the Illinois team cut the time required for a whole brain scan to 12 and a half minutes.
The researchers tested their MRSI technique on several populations. In healthy subjects, the researchers found and mapped varying metabolic and neurotransmitter activity across different brain regions, indicating that such activity is not universal. In patients with brain tumors, the researchers found metabolic alterations, such as elevated choline and lactate, in tumors of different grades — even when the tumors appeared identical on clinical MRI images. In subjects with multiple sclerosis, the technique detected molecular changes associated with neuroinflammatory response and reduced neuronal activity up to 70 days before changes become visible on clinical MRI images, the researchers report.
The researchers foresee potential for broad clinical use of their technique: By tracking metabolic changes over time, clinicians can assess the effectiveness of treatments for neurological conditions, Liang said. Metabolic information also can be used to tailor treatments to individual patients based on their unique metabolic profiles.
“High-resolution whole-brain metabolic imaging has significant clinical potential,” said Liang, who began his career in the lab of the late Illinois professor Paul Lauterbur, recipient of the Nobel Prize for developing MRI technology. “Paul envisioned this exciting possibility and the general approach, but it has been very difficult to achieve his dream of fast high-resolution metabolic imaging in the clinical setting.
“As healthcare is moving towards personalized, predictive and precision medicine, this high-speed, high-resolution technology can provide a timely and effective tool to address an urgent unmet need for noninvasive metabolic imaging in clinical applications.”
This work was supported by the Arnold and Mabel Beckman Foundation.
The moon is in another phase of the lunar cycle, and we have all the information you need about tonight’s visibility and what to look out for.
The lunar cycle is a series of eight unique phases of the moon’s visibility. The whole cycle takes about 29.5 days, according to NASA, and these different phases happen as the Sun lights up different parts of the moon whilst it orbits Earth.
See what’s happening with the moon tonight, July 2.
What is today’s moon phase?
As of Wednesday, July 2, the moon phase is First Quarter. According to NASA’s Daily Moon Observation, 48% of the moon will be lit up and visible to us on Earth.
First Quarter is the stage of the lunar cycle where the moon appears to be a half moon. This is day seven of the lunar cycle, and with significantly more of the moon on display, there’s plenty to see when you look up.
Unaided, you’ll be able to see the Mare Serenitatis, Mare Tranquillitatis, and the Mare Fecunditatis on the moon’s surface. If you’re in the Northern Hemisphere, these will be positioned in the top right of the moon. If you’re in the Southern Hemisphere, direct your gaze to the bottom left.
If you have binoculars, you’ll also spot the Endymion Crater and the Posidonius Crater are visible, as well as the Mare Nectaris. And with a telescope, like last night, you’ll be able to see the Apollo 11 and Apollo 17 spot and the Rupes Altai. You’ll also get a sneak peek at the Descartes Highlands. NASA tells us this is a crater just south of the Apollo 16 landing spot.
Mashable Light Speed
When is the next full moon?
This month’s full moon will take place on July 10. The last full moon was on June 11.
What are moon phases?
Moon phases are caused by the 29.5-day cycle of the moon’s orbit, which changes the angles between the Sun, Moon, and Earth. Moon phases are how the moon looks from Earth as it goes around us. We always see the same side of the moon, but how much of it is lit up by the Sun changes depending on where it is in its orbit. This is how we get full moons, half moons, and moons that appear completely invisible. There are eight main moon phases, and they follow a repeating cycle:
New Moon – The moon is between Earth and the sun, so the side we see is dark (in other words, it’s invisible to the eye).
Waxing Crescent – A small sliver of light appears on the right side (Northern Hemisphere).
First Quarter – Half of the moon is lit on the right side. It looks like a half-moon.
Waxing Gibbous – More than half is lit up, but it’s not quite full yet.
Full Moon – The whole face of the moon is illuminated and fully visible.
Waning Gibbous – The moon starts losing light on the right side.
Last Quarter (or Third Quarter) – Another half-moon, but now the left side is lit.
Waning Crescent – A thin sliver of light remains on the left side before going dark again.
This is the path of the new interstellar object A11pI3Z through the inner solar system. Image via Catalina Sky Survey/ University of Arizona/ David Rankin on Bluesky.
New interstellar object visiting our solar system
There’s a new object in the solar system headed toward the sun, and it may have come from interstellar space. We only know of two other objects that have entered into our solar system before, ‘Oumuamua and Comet 2I/Borisov. The nature of ‘Oumuamua is still a matter of debate, and the second was a comet from another solar system. And now we may have a third interstellar visitor. Currently named A11pl3Z, this object has a trajectory that suggests it didn’t originate inside our own solar system.
The International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center added the object to their Near-Earth Object confirmation list on July 1, 2025. The object is also on NASA and the JPL website for Near-Earth Object Confirmation Page under A11pl3Z. Despite being listed as a near-Earth object, there is no fear of it hitting Earth or even coming particularly close.
Observations of the visitor
Astrafoxen, an astrophysics undergrad student in California on Bluesky, has shared an image of A11pl3Z from the Deep Random Survey in Chile. Additionally, Sam Deen, a prolific amateur astronomer, found earlier images of the object in ATLAS data from June 25 to 29. These data points help show the track of the object, indicating that it is almost certainly interstellar.
The dim space rock is currently at about magnitude 18.8. Our new visitor, A11pl3Z, will get its closest to the sun – at about 2 astronomical units (AU), or twice as far as Earth is to the sun – in October.
Chatter on Bluesky
Interstellar object candidate #A11pl3Z from Deep Random Survey, Chile (obs code X09). No obvious tail, will have to do a stack to see if there’s anything…
Date is 2025 Jul 2 00:52:39 UTC.
[image or embed]
— astrafoxen (@astrafoxen.bsky.social) July 1, 2025 at 8:30 PM
In the image above, the dot at center is the new candidate for an interstellar object visiting our solar system, currently named A11pl3Z.
UPDATE on our new interstellar friend #A11pl3Z: Citizen scientist Sam Deen has found earlier observations of from June 25-28, from the ATLAS telescope!
Now with 6 days’ worth of data, the eccentricity of A11pl3Z’s trajectory is narrowed down to e=10.4 ± 1.1! … that’s undoubtedly interstellar. ???
[image or embed]
— astrafoxen (@astrafoxen.bsky.social) July 1, 2025 at 9:37 PM
Our friend at Atlas seem to have discovered the 3rd interstellar object deep in the milky way. Precovery data going back to June 25th is leaving little doubt. With an eccentricity near 10, this is like nothing seen before. Comet is screaming by us. ??
[image or embed]
— David Rankin (@asteroiddave.bsky.social) July 1, 2025 at 9:25 PM
Bottom line: We have a new candidate for an interstellar object visiting our solar system. It’s speeding toward the sun and should make its closest approach in October 2025.
Via NASA/JPL
Via MPC
Kelly Kizer Whitt
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About the Author:
Kelly Kizer Whitt – EarthSky’s nature and travel vlogger on YouTube – writes and edits some of the most fascinating stories at EarthSky.org. She’s been writing about science, with a focus on astronomy, for decades. She began her career at Astronomy Magazine and made regular contributions to other outlets, including AstronomyToday and the Sierra Club. She has nine published books, including a children’s picture book, Solar System Forecast, and a young adult dystopian novel, A Different Sky.
As if sequencing a full human genome wasn’t tricky enough, scientists are now attempting to reconstruct our species’ genetic material from the ground up.
It’s an ambitious and controversial project called the Synthetic Human Genome (SynHG) project, and work has already begun on a proof-of-concept.
The goal of this crucial first step is to use the human genome blueprint to write the genetic code for a single, enormously long strand of DNA in just one of our chromosomes – making up approximately 2 percent of our total genome.
The entire DNA content will be digitally designed before it is then built in the lab.
According to proponents, this project could kickstart a genetic revolution, profoundly changing our understanding of human DNA and possibly enabling designer cell-based therapies and virus-resistant tissue transplantation.
Related: Scientists Just Achieved a Major Milestone in Creating Synthetic Life
Emboldened by these futuristic possibilities, the Wellcome Trust – one of the world’s largest scientific research charities – announced this week that it was funding the SynHG initiative with £10 million (approximately US$13.7 million).
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Researchers behind the project, who hail from the Universities of Oxford, Kent, Manchester, Cambridge, and Imperial College London, told the BBC that “the sky is the limit”. They aim to build a fully synthetic human chromosome in the next five to 10 years.
“The ability to synthesize large genomes, including genomes for human cells, may transform our understanding of genome biology and profoundly alter the horizons of biotechnology and medicine,” says project leader and molecular biologist Jason Chin from the Ellison Institute of Technology and Oxford.
“With SynHG we are building the tools to make large genome synthesis a reality.”
Some independent scientists, however, are dubious that the SynHG project can get that far, even with cutting-edge generative AI and advanced robotic assembly technologies.
Award-winning geneticist Robin Lovell-Badge from the Francis Crick Institute, who is not involved in the SynHG project, says that he is “very enthusiastic” about the initiative, as “you can only truly understand something if you can build it from scratch.”
But despite all the knowledge we have gained since fully sequencing and reading the human genome in 2003, he says there is still a lot of work to be done before we can actually build a complete one.
Today, the only human-made genomes fully written from scratch are for single-celled organisms that have, at most, 16 chromosomes made from roughly 12 million base pairs. That accomplishment took roughly a decade of hard work.
Humans, by comparison, typically possess more than 30 trillion cells with 46 chromosomes and 3 billion base pairs. Who knows how long it will take scientists to untangle that level of complexity?
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“As for synthetic human chromosomes, although the current project is very unlikely to get that far, it may eventually be possible to make synthetic cells that can be grown in the lab with high efficiency,” says Lovell-Badge.
“However, there is no suggestion to make synthetic humans. We have no idea how to do this, and it is likely to be very unsafe.”
While the details are hazy, the SynHG team claims to be working with academic, civil society, industry, and policy experts to examine the ethical, legal, and social implications of their research.
Projects like these are bound to inspire social and ethical debates on the possibilities and consequences of complex health and reproductive issues, from the right to make ‘designer’ babies to the definition of eugenics.
“We must recognize that this sort of work is not without controversy, and that is vital for researchers and the public to be in communication with one another,” says Sarah Norcross, director of the Progress Educational Trust (PET), which is a charity for people affected by genetic conditions.
“The public must have a clear understanding of what this research entails, while researchers and funders must have a thoroughgoing understanding of where the public wants to go with this science.”
As if sequencing a full human genome wasn’t tricky enough, scientists are now attempting to reconstruct our species’ genetic material from the ground up.
It’s an ambitious and controversial project called the Synthetic Human Genome (SynHG) project, and work has already begun on a proof-of-concept.
The goal of this crucial first step is to use the human genome blueprint to write the genetic code for a single, enormously long strand of DNA in just one of our chromosomes – making up approximately 2 percent of our total genome.
The entire DNA content will be digitally designed before it is then built in the lab.
According to proponents, this project could kickstart a genetic revolution, profoundly changing our understanding of human DNA and possibly enabling designer cell-based therapies and virus-resistant tissue transplantation.
Related: Scientists Just Achieved a Major Milestone in Creating Synthetic Life
Emboldened by these futuristic possibilities,the Wellcome Trust – one of the world’s largest scientific research charities – announced this week that it was funding the SynHG initiative with £10 million (approximately US$13.7 million).
Researchers behind the project, who hail from the Universities of Oxford, Kent, Manchester, Cambridge, and Imperial College London, told the BBC that “the sky is the limit”. They aim to build a fully synthetic human chromosome in the next five to 10 years.
“The ability to synthesize large genomes, including genomes for human cells, may transform our understanding of genome biology and profoundly alter the horizons of biotechnology and medicine,” says project leader and molecular biologist Jason Chin from the Ellison Institute of Technology and Oxford.
“With SynHG we are building the tools to make large genome synthesis a reality.”
Some independent scientists, however, are dubious that the SynHG project can get that far, even with cutting-edge generative AI and advanced robotic assembly technologies.
Award-winning geneticist Robin Lovell-Badge from the Francis Crick Institute, who is not involved in the SynHG project, says that he is “very enthusiastic” about the initiative, as “you can only truly understand something if you can build it from scratch.”
But despite all the knowledge we have gained since fully sequencing and reading the human genome in 2003, he says there is still a lot of work to be done before we can actually build a complete one.
Today, the only human-made genomes fully written from scratch are for single-celled organisms that have, at most, 16 chromosomes made from roughly 12 million base pairs. That accomplishment took roughly a decade of hard work.
Humans, by comparison, typically possess more than 30 trillion cells with 46 chromosomes and 3 billion base pairs. Who knows how long it will take scientists to untangle that level of complexity?
“As for synthetic human chromosomes, although the current project is very unlikely to get that far, it may eventually be possible to make synthetic cells that can be grown in the lab with high efficiency,” says Lovell-Badge.
“However, there is no suggestion to make synthetic humans. We have no idea how to do this, and it is likely to be very unsafe.”
While the details are hazy, the SynHG team claims to be working with academic, civil society, industry, and policy experts to examine the ethical, legal, and social implications of their research.
Projects like these are bound to inspire social and ethical debates on the possibilities and consequences of complex health and reproductive issues, from the right to make ‘designer’ babies to the definition of eugenics.
“We must recognize that this sort of work is not without controversy, and that is vital for researchers and the public to be in communication with one another,” says Sarah Norcross, director of the Progress Educational Trust (PET), which is a charity for people affected by genetic conditions.
“The public must have a clear understanding of what this research entails, while researchers and funders must have a thoroughgoing understanding of where the public wants to go with this science.”
Chile’s ALMA observatory, which houses some of the world’s most powerful telescopes, has captured its most detailed images to date of the building blocks of the early universe — primarily cold gases, dust and stellar light in 39 galaxies.
“We’ve never achieved so much detail and depth in galaxies from the early universe,” Sergio Martin, head of Scientific Operations at ALMA, told AFP during a presentation of the research at University of Concepcion in Santiago.
Due to its dark skies and clear air, Chile hosts the telescopes of more than 30 countries, including the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) that was used in the findings.
The research was led by Rodrigo Herrera-Camus, director of the Millennium Nucleus of Galaxies (MINGAL) of Chile, who told AFP the new images provide “the opportunity to study how stars are born.”
The survey also found that stars emerged in “giant clumps,” Herrera-Camus said.
By combining ALMA’s findings with images from the James Webb and Hubble telescopes, researchers were able to learn more about how galaxies evolve, interact, and form stars.
The ALMA telescope was developed by the European Southern Observatory, the US National Radio Astronomy Observatory and the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan.
Space exploration is entering an exciting new era in 2025, with a remarkable lineup of missions poised to deepen our understanding of the Moon, Mars, and beyond. These missions, led by NASA, ISRO, ESA, JAXA, and private companies, will not only advance scientific knowledge but also pave the way for future human exploration and technological innovation. From crewed lunar orbits to robotic explorers on distant moons, here are the top 10 space missions to watch in the coming years.
From lunar landers to interplanetary explorers: The most ambitious space missions ahead
1. Intuitive Machines IM-3 (PRISM)
Launch Date: 2026Destination: MoonObjective: Deliver scientific payloads and rovers to study lunar geology and test technologies for future Artemis missions.Overview: The IM-3 mission is a critical part of NASA’s Commercial Lunar Payload Services (CLPS) program, designed to help establish a sustainable human presence on the Moon. It will carry advanced instruments to analyze the lunar surface, including rovers that can traverse and study the terrain. Beyond science, IM-3 will test new landing technologies and autonomous systems that will be essential for future crewed Artemis missions. Success here will build confidence in commercial partnerships supporting lunar exploration.
2. ESCAPADE (Escape and Plasma Acceleration and Dynamics Explorers)
Launch Date: December 2025Destination: Mars OrbitObjective: Study Mars’ plasma environment and magnetic fields to understand atmospheric loss.Overview: ESCAPADE consists of two small satellites, “Blue” and “Gold,” orbiting Mars at different altitudes to provide a detailed picture of how solar wind strips away the Martian atmosphere. This process is key to understanding why Mars lost much of its atmosphere and surface water, transforming from a potentially habitable planet to the cold desert we see today. The mission’s data will improve models of planetary atmospheres and help assess Mars’ past habitability.
3. NASA-ISRO Synthetic Aperture Radar (NISAR)
Launch Date: 2025Destination: Earth OrbitObjective: Monitor Earth’s surface changes with high precision to study natural disasters and environmental shifts.Overview: NISAR is a groundbreaking collaboration between NASA and ISRO, equipped with dual-frequency radar that can penetrate clouds and darkness to provide detailed maps of Earth’s surface. It will track land deformation caused by earthquakes and volcanic activity, monitor deforestation, and measure ice sheet dynamics. This mission will provide timely data to improve disaster response and deepen understanding of climate change impacts, making it a vital tool for scientists and policymakers worldwide.
4. Artemis II
Launch Date: April 2026Destination: Lunar OrbitObjective: Conduct the first crewed mission of the Artemis program to test spacecraft systems in lunar orbit.Overview: Artemis II marks NASA’s return to crewed lunar missions after decades. Four astronauts will orbit the Moon aboard the Orion spacecraft, launched by the powerful Space Launch System (SLS). This 10-day mission will test life support, navigation, and communication systems in the deep space environment, ensuring readiness for the subsequent Artemis III landing mission. Artemis II is a major step toward establishing a long-term human presence on the Moon.
5. Gaganyaan-2
Launch Date: 2025 (Test Flights)Destination: Low Earth OrbitObjective: Validate safety, life support, and avionics systems for India’s first crewed spaceflight.Overview: Gaganyaan-2 is part of India’s ambitious human spaceflight program. The uncrewed test flights will rigorously evaluate the spacecraft’s critical systems, including environmental controls and emergency procedures. These tests are essential to ensure astronaut safety for the planned Gaganyaan-3 mission. Success will place India among the few nations capable of independently sending humans to space, marking a significant milestone in its space capabilities.
6. Dragonfly
Launch Date: July 2028Destination: Titan (Saturn’s Moon)Objective: Explore Titan’s organic-rich surface and study prebiotic chemistry.Overview: Dragonfly is a unique rotorcraft lander designed to fly across Titan’s diverse and complex terrain. Titan’s thick atmosphere and organic molecules make it one of the most intriguing places to study prebiotic chemistry and the potential for life beyond Earth. Dragonfly will analyze surface composition, weather patterns, and chemical processes, providing unprecedented insight into how life’s building blocks might form in environments vastly different from Earth.
7. Martian Moons eXploration (MMX)
Launch Date: September 2026Destination: Phobos (Mars’ Moon)Objective: Explore Mars’ moons and return samples from Phobos to Earth.Overview: JAXA’s MMX mission aims to solve the mystery of Mars’ moons’ origins by collecting and returning samples from Phobos. The mission will also conduct detailed observations of Deimos. Understanding whether these moons are captured asteroids or formed from Mars itself will shed light on the history of the Martian system and the early solar system. The sample return is a complex feat that will provide invaluable material for laboratory analysis on Earth.
8. Space Rider
Launch Date: 2027Destination: Low Earth OrbitObjective: Conduct reusable microgravity experiments in orbit.Overview: ESA’s Space Rider is a reusable, autonomous spaceplane designed to carry payloads for scientific and technological experiments in microgravity. It will enable longer-duration studies on biological processes, materials science, and plant growth, helping researchers understand how space conditions affect various systems. Its reusability lowers costs and increases access to space for European researchers and industry.
9. SPHEREx
Launch Date: April 2025Destination: Earth OrbitObjective: Conduct an all-sky infrared survey to study galaxy evolution, cosmic inflation, and dark energy.Overview: SPHEREx will map the entire sky in infrared light, providing a treasure trove of data about the universe’s structure and history. It will investigate the origins of galaxies, measure cosmic inflation’s fingerprints, and explore the mysterious dark energy driving the universe’s accelerated expansion. This mission promises to answer fundamental questions about the cosmos with a new level of precision.
10. VERITAS
Launch Date: 2028Destination: VenusObjective: Map Venus’ surface geology to understand its tectonics and volcanic history.Overview: VERITAS will produce high-resolution maps of Venus’ surface using radar to penetrate its thick clouds. By studying Venus’ tectonic activity and volcanic processes, the mission seeks to explain why Venus evolved so differently from Earth despite their similar size and composition. VERITAS will also help assess Venus’ potential for past habitability and provide context for comparative planetology.These missions represent the cutting edge of space exploration, combining human spaceflight, robotic explorers, and Earth observation to expand our knowledge of the solar system and our home planet. As they launch and unfold over the next decade, they will inspire new discoveries and redefine humanity’s place in the cosmos.
NASA is preparing for its 11th rotational mission of a SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket and Dragon spacecraft carrying astronauts to the International Space Station for a science expedition. NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission is targeted to launch in the late July/early August timeframe from Launch Complex 39A at the agency’s Kennedy Space Center in Florida.
The mission includes NASA astronauts Zena Cardman, serving as commander; Mike Fincke, pilot; JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency) astronaut Kimiya Yui, mission specialist; and Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, mission specialist. This is the first spaceflight for Cardman and Platonov, the fourth trip for Fincke, and the second for Yui, to the orbiting laboratory.
Image: The four crew members of NASA’s SpaceX Crew-11 mission to the International Space Station train inside a SpaceX Dragon spacecraft in Hawthorne, California. From left to right: Roscosmos cosmonaut Oleg Platonov, NASA astronauts Mike Fincke and Zena Cardman, and JAXA astronaut Kimiya Yui. Credit: SpaceX
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