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  • New Fortress Energy Advisers Prepare for Confidential Debt Talks

    New Fortress Energy Advisers Prepare for Confidential Debt Talks

    Advisers to various groups of New Fortress Energy Inc. creditors have signed non-disclosure agreements with the liquefied natural gas company as it begins restructuring talks after prolonged project delays have left it struggling to cover debt costs, according to people familiar with the situation.

    Billionaire Wes Edens’ troubled company is exploring options that could help slash its debt and interest expenses, said the people, who asked not to be identified discussing a private matter.

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  • B. Riley Discloses Reporting Weaknesses Amid Auditor Transition

    B. Riley Discloses Reporting Weaknesses Amid Auditor Transition

    B. Riley Financial Inc., whose investors are still awaiting last year’s audited results, said the report will cite 10 weaknesses in its controls ranging from technology to how it valued investments.

    In a filing Friday with US Securities and Exchange Commission, B. Riley said the weaknesses — some of them repeated from the prior year — were identified in consultations with auditors at Marcum LLP. B. Riley said it’s dismissing Marcum after the long-overdue 2024 annual report is finished. In a statementBloomberg Terminal earlier this week, B. Riley said the report would be done “soon,” without specifying a date.

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  • Massachusetts songwriter shares his inspiration behind writing a song with Taylor Swift

    Massachusetts songwriter shares his inspiration behind writing a song with Taylor Swift

    A Massachusetts songwriter has written for artists like Reba McEntire and Martina McBride and he shared his inspiration for writing a song with Taylor Swift when she was just starting out.

    Inside Robert Ellis Orrall’s backyard studio are bits and pieces of some of the biggest moments in musical history. Including the table card from the night Taylor Swift got her record deal.

    “I am a songwriter, because that’s why I started trying to be a musician, because I wanted to write songs,” said Orrall.

    But it’s his ability to connect with other artists where his talents truly shine. He met Swift decades ago, when she was about to write her debut album.

    “She was 13, 14, 15 [and was on] RCA. She was originally on RCA, a lot of people don’t know that she was on RCA,” said Orrall. “And then they wanted me to write with her so we wrote and then she had fun.”

    Inspired by writing with teenage daughter

    So how does a 50-year-old man connect with a teenage girl? By writing with his own teenage daughter.

    “[She said] ‘I want you to write a song that’s called That’s Not Punk, about Avril Lavigne because it’s not punk, Dad, it’s pop,’” he said. “So I started writing from this point of view.”

    A colleague at RCA knew he had been writing for his daughter, and knew he could step up.

    “He called me up and he said ‘I’ve got this girl coming over, she’s 13 and you gotta come over and write with me,’” said Orrall.

    Little did he know he was on the verge of helping a megastar take her first steps.

    “And she walked in and said that she wanted to write a song that was like Avril Lavigne, only country. And I was like get outta here! And we wrote ‘I’m Only Me When I’m with You.’ The first song we ever wrote.”

    But even he couldn’t have predicted how far she’d go.

    “I’ve written with a lot of young people, but she was pretty extraordinary. Her confidence…she just had a thing. And I told her dad, when he came to pick her up, your daughter’s gonna sell 300 million on her first record, and I was wrong, I was off by like 7 million,” said Orrall.

    Also wrote for Lindsay Lohan

    He also wrote Lindsay Lohan’s “Ultimate” from “Freaky Friday,” which he’s reprised for the recent remake.

    “Disney got in touch with me and said we wanna use ‘Ultimate’ in ‘Freakier Friday,’” said Orrall.

    Now more than 20 years later, he’s still making music with his band and even has a new album out, “Wrong Thing.”

    “I’m just gonna keep making music,” said Orrall.

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  • Cosmic web reveals tiny magnetic fields from the dawn of time

    Cosmic web reveals tiny magnetic fields from the dawn of time

    Long before galaxies sparkled in the sky or stars took shape, invisible forces stirred in the early Universe. One of those forces—magnetism—emerged in ways scientists are only now beginning to understand. Though these magnetic fields were astonishingly weak—billions of times less powerful than a fridge magnet—their fingerprints still linger in the vast cosmic web that stretches across space.

    This delicate but vital finding comes from a large-scale study led by researchers at SISSA, the International School for Advanced Studies in Trieste, Italy. Collaborating with scientists from the Universities of Hertfordshire, Cambridge, Nottingham, Stanford, and Potsdam, the team ran over 250,000 computer simulations to probe how these early magnetic fields may have shaped the very structure of the Universe.

    Their paper, published in Physical Review Letters, may reshape our understanding of the first moments after the Big Bang and how the earliest stars and galaxies formed.

    Linear matter power spectra for PMF models with combinations of {B1 Mpc,nB

    parameters for different peak scales kpeak. (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)”}

    Magnetic Whispers from the Beginning of Time

    In the vast emptiness between galaxies lies a faint network called the cosmic web. This structure resembles a spider’s web, linking galaxies together in threadlike filaments of gas and dark matter. Though most people imagine space as empty, these filaments are teeming with material—some visible, some hidden.

    What puzzled scientists for years was the presence of magnetism in this web, not just near galaxies but in distant, quiet regions far from any stars. According to Mak Pavičević, a PhD student at SISSA and the lead author of the study, this magnetism seemed out of place.

    “The cosmic web, of which much remains to be discovered, is a filamentary structure connecting the galaxies that permeates the Universe,” said Pavičević. “One of its many unsolved mysteries is why it is magnetised… even in distant regions that are sparsely populated.”

    His advisor and co-author, Matteo Viel, explained further: “Our hypothesis was that this could be a legacy of events occurring in cosmic epochs during the birth of the Universe… through events in later epochs, called phase transitions.”

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    These “phase transitions” refer to brief periods after the Big Bang when the Universe rapidly changed states, like water freezing into ice. During such transitions, it’s believed magnetic fields may have been born. Alternatively, these fields might have formed during the “inflationary” period—an unimaginably brief moment of rapid expansion that occurred even before the Big Bang itself.

    Either way, the team wanted to know: how strong were those magnetic fields? And could they really still influence the shape of the Universe today?

    Unlocking the Power of Simulations

    To answer these questions, the team turned to advanced computer simulations. Working with over a quarter of a million of them, they tested how primordial magnetic fields might affect the cosmic web over billions of years.

    “These are the most realistic and largest suite state-of-the-art simulations of the influence of primordial magnetic field on the intergalactic cosmic web,” said Vid Iršič from the University of Hertfordshire, a co-author of the paper.

    These simulations recreated the early conditions of the Universe and tracked how particles, gases, and magnetic forces evolved over time. By comparing the results with real data gathered by telescopes, the scientists could see which models best matched reality.

    Flux power spectra difference between PMF models at z=4.6, where ΔPF=PFPMF−PF,ref., and the reference ΛCDM model. (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    Flux power spectra difference between PMF models at z=4.6, where ΔPF=PFPMF−PF,ref., and the reference ΛCDM model. (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    One major finding stood out. Including even a weak magnetic field in the early Universe helped the simulation better match what astronomers observe today. A tiny magnetic field of just 0.2 nano-gauss—comparable to the magnetism produced by neurons in your brain—seemed to fit the observed data more closely than models without it.

    The magnetic influence, though minuscule, appeared to amplify the density of matter in some parts of the cosmic web. This increased density could have made it easier for stars and galaxies to form, speeding up the birth of complex structures in space.

    “We can say that a standard model of the Universe with a very weak magnetic field of around 0.2 nano-gauss actually fits experimental data much better,” said Viel.

    A New Limit on Ancient Forces

    Another breakthrough came when the researchers calculated just how strong these ancient magnetic fields could have been. Their study set a new upper limit, significantly lower than what previous studies had estimated. This narrows down the possible range and supports independent research using different tools, such as data from the cosmic microwave background (CMB)—the faint afterglow of the Big Bang.

    “Our research places strict limits on the intensity of magnetic fields formed in the very early moments of the Universe,” said Pavičević.

    Marginalized 1D distribution for k⋆/k peak for four different PMF analyses: reference case (black), with a physical prior on thermal histories; a conservative treatment of the noise (red); without the small-scale data (blue); and with separate priors on temperature and pressure smoothing (green). (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    Marginalized 1D distribution for k⋆/k peak for four different PMF analyses: reference case (black), with a physical prior on thermal histories; a conservative treatment of the noise (red); without the small-scale data (blue); and with separate priors on temperature and pressure smoothing (green). (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    Iršič added that these new limits could reshape several areas of cosmology. “Not only will these new limits help us understand the impact of the primordial magnetic fields on the evolution of the cosmos, but they also hold important implications for other theoretical models that enhance structure formation.”

    The team hopes their work will inspire further study using new instruments like the James Webb Space Telescope, which may soon be able to spot more direct evidence of these fields by observing early galaxies in finer detail.

    Lyman-Alpha Forest: A Hidden Signal

    One key tool in this study is something called the Lyman-alpha forest. This “forest” isn’t made of trees, but of light—specifically, light from distant quasars passing through hydrogen gas in the Universe.

    As light travels from a quasar (a bright, active galaxy) toward Earth, it passes through clouds of hydrogen gas that absorb some of the light at specific wavelengths. These absorption patterns create a series of dark lines in the quasar’s spectrum, known as the Lyman-alpha forest.

    Scientists can study these lines to learn about the distribution of matter in the Universe. The forest is particularly good at revealing small-scale structures, including those in the cosmic web far from any galaxies—exactly the regions where ancient magnetic fields are hardest to explain.

    By analyzing how these absorption lines change across different scales, scientists can infer how much “power” exists in the density of matter at those scales. If primordial magnetic fields are present, they increase this power, especially at smaller scales. That leaves a measurable imprint on the Lyman-alpha forest.

    This technique gave the researchers a precise way to test their simulations and rule out models with overly strong magnetic fields.

    Best-fit PMF and ΛCDM models; a PMF model with B=0.5nG is also shown [all the other parameters being fixed at the best fit of the PMF reference (ref.) case]. (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    Best-fit PMF and ΛCDM models; a PMF model with B=0.5nG is also shown [all the other parameters being fixed at the best fit of the PMF reference (ref.) case]. (CREDIT: Physical Review Letters)

    “We argue that the Lyman-alpha forest could be the ideal way to constrain cosmological PMFs,” the team wrote. “It probes the filamentary cosmic web in environments far from galaxies, where the impact of magnetic fields generated by astrophysical sources should be minimal.”

    Beyond Numbers: A New Understanding of the Universe

    While the math and simulations are complex, the broader message is clear. Even the weakest forces, born in the first moments of time, may have left lasting marks on the largest structures in the Universe.

    Magnetic fields, long overlooked in cosmological models, could be a key player in shaping how matter clumped together to form stars, galaxies, and eventually planets.

    The study also adds weight to the idea that new physics—beyond what we currently understand—may be hidden in the fine details of cosmic structure. These findings don’t just limit how strong early magnetic fields could have been. They also challenge scientists to think about how such tiny forces can influence the evolution of everything we see in the sky today.

    And with powerful tools like the James Webb Space Telescope now active, researchers are excited to push these findings even further. The mysteries of the early Universe are far from solved—but thanks to studies like this, we’re getting closer.

    Note: The article above provided above by The Brighter Side of News.

    Like these kind of feel good stories? Get The Brighter Side of News’ newsletter.

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  • DuPont Bondholders Form Majority to Reject Two Debt Swaps

    DuPont Bondholders Form Majority to Reject Two Debt Swaps

    Some of DuPont de Nemours Inc.’s bondholders have agreed to block part of a proposed debt exchange, complicating the chemical company’s efforts to buy back the securities after announcing a plan to spin off a unit.

    Holders of a majority of the company’s notes due in 2038 and 2048 have signed a pact declining to participate in an exchange offer that would remove some investor protections on existing notes, according to people with knowledge of the matter.

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  • Winklevoss twins grow $3 billion richer as crypto-trading company Gemini’s stock trades higher

    Winklevoss twins grow $3 billion richer as crypto-trading company Gemini’s stock trades higher

    By Steve Gelsi

    Gemini Space Station’s IPO ends its first day of trading at $32 a share for a 14% gain over its offering price and generates an additional $300 million in value to its founders

    Tyler Winklevoss, left, and Cameron Winklevoss have taken their cryptocurrency-exchange company Gemini Space Station public amid strong investor interest in digital currencies.

    Shares of Gemini Space Station Inc., the cryptocurrency exchange founded by the billionaire Winklevoss twins to bring cryptocurrencies to the masses, soared in their public debut on Friday.

    The stock’s (GEMI) first trade was $37.01 a share at 1:40 p.m. Eastern time, which was 32.2% above the price on initial public offering. The shares moved above $40 and then ended the day at $32 a share at the closing bell.

    Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss, who once sued Meta Platforms Inc. (META) Chief Executive Mark Zuckerberg for allegedly stealing the original idea for Facebook, held $2.1 billion in stock at the IPO price of $28 a share.

    At $32 a share, the value of their stake has now risen by roughly $300 million in a single day to $2.4 billion.

    The IPO had already displayed signs of strong demand – becoming the latest demonstration of the brothers’ knack for making money – by pricing at $28 a share, $2 above an already lifted pricing range of $24 to $26 a share.

    Earlier this week, the IPO’s estimated pricing range had been raised from a level of $17 to $19 a share.

    With 15.18 million shares being offered for sale – fewer than the expected 16.67 million – Gemini’s IPO raised about $425 million. Goldman Sachs and Citigroup are the lead underwriters.

    The Winklevoss twins, through the Winklevoss Capital Fund LLC, own 75.37 million shares in Gemini.

    Investors are not just hot for Gemini’s stock or for new crypto issues. Wall Street bankers are tapping into strong demand for new issues in general.

    The Renaissance IPO exchange-traded fund IPO – a gauge of the IPO market that rebalances quarterly and holds stocks for up to three years after their debut – has run up nearly 20% in 2025, well ahead of the S&P 500 index’s SPX 12% gain.

    After the long-awaited debut of Sweden-headquartered Klarna (KLAR) on Wednesday, and after stablecoin and crypto-exchange company Figure Technology Solutions Inc. (FIGR) also went public this week, Gemini headlined an unusually crowded coming-out party Friday, with four debuts in total.

    Along with Gemini, the other companies all rose in their trading starts on Friday: heating and ventilation portfolio company Legence (LGN), coffee chain Black Rock Coffee Bar Inc. (BRCB) and traffic-management company Via Transportation Inc. (VIA).

    Renaissance analyst Matthew Kennedy said earlier this week that this week’s crop of IPOs marked the busiest week for sizable IPOs – those that raise over $250 million – since 2021. “They’re launching into a period of robust demand for IPOs,” he said.

    Jay Ritter, a finance professor at the University of Florida, said it’s rare to see four IPOs of $250 million or more debut on a Friday, attributing it to the Labor Day holiday on Sept. 1.

    Roadshows for prospective investors typically take several days, followed by pricing on Wednesday nights for debut trading sessions on Thursdays. But with a large number of deals waiting to go public right after the end of summer, the usual process was delayed by a day, he said.

    “Roadshows usually start on Mondays,” Ritter said. “This week was affected by the Labor Day holiday, which resulted in a Tuesday start for the marketing last week.”

    Overall, the IPO market has been fueled by a backlog of more mature companies that have grown bigger partly by raising money in private markets, as well as by a backdrop in which stocks have repeatedly shaken off weak phases to resume rallying, with the S&P 500 trading at or near record territory on Friday.

    Healthy interest in summertime IPOs from crypto firms such as Bullish (BLSH) and Circle Internet Group Inc. (CRCL) has also underpinned the debut of Gemini Space Station.

    Gemini has generated buzz, but not profit

    Tyler and Cameron Winklevoss founded Gemini Space Station in 2014, and it is considered to have been an early player in crypto trading.

    “Crypto is a way out of the status quo dictated by traditional financial markets,” reads a remark in the IPO prospectus attributed to the Winklevosses. “Gemini plans to be that full-service conduit that bridges the gap between traditional finance and crypto.”

    On that front, Gemini recently rolled out the Gemini Credit Card, which offers cryptocurrency rewards on purchases.

    The brothers, who were Harvard classmates of Zuckerberg, were portrayed in the 2010 Oscar-winning movie “The Social Network,” about the origins of Facebook, which later became Meta Platforms Inc.

    Their lawsuit against Zuckerberg for allegedly stealing their idea for Facebook won them a $65 million settlement in 2008.

    They invested proceeds from that lawsuit into bitcoin (BTCUSD). By 2018, they were on the Forbes list of crypto billionaires. At last check, Forbes listed them jointly as No. 341 on its list of the 400 richest Americans, with a combined net worth of $4.4 billion, which included a valuation of their stake in Gemini Space Station.

    Their fortunes benefited as Gemini’s stock gained in its trading debut, as they continue to own 75.37 million shares in the company and hold 94.5% of the company’s voting power.

    Kennedy, the Renaissance analyst, said the Winklevoss connection to Gemini Space Station was winning attention for the IPO. “Just by virtue of the movie alone, they have some pretty broad name recognition,” Kennedy said. “And name recognition can translate to some deal heat. Clearly, with the increased range, initial investors are betting on a hot open.”

    However, Kennedy urged investors to first consider the fundamentals for Gemini Space Station before moving to “own a new crypto company at any price,” as, “going forward, Gemini will really need to improve its bottom line.”

    Gemini reported an operating loss of $113.46 million and revenue of $68.6 million in the six months ending June 30. In the year-earlier period, it lost $84.8 million on revenue of $74.3 million.

    For the full year 2024, it reported a loss of $165.8 million on revenue of $142.2 million, and in 2023 it lost $311.6 million on revenue of $98.1 million.

    One potential sweetener for investors in the IPO is a $50 million private placement in Gemini Space Station’s stock by Nasdaq Inc. (NDAQ), since it’s an established player in the exchange space.

    “The bull case is Gemini turning its Nasdaq partnership into higher-margin prime and custody revenue; the bear case is whether they can scale that fast enough to overcome widening losses – either way, this listing reopens the window for crypto-adjacent IPOs,” Maja Vujinovic, CEO of Digital Assets at FG Nexus, said in an email.

    The interest in cryptocurrencies has also been fueled in part by President Donald Trump, who has launched his own coin and drastically shifted his stance on crypto after suggesting during his first White House term that bitcoin was a scam.

    “Firms like Gemini have a real opportunity to ride the IPO wave, if they launch strategically and show strong post-IPO performance,” said Anthony Georgiades, general partner at Innovative Capital.

    Legence IPO rises handily over its offering price

    Legence’s stock (LGN) closed at $30.50 a share for a gain of 8.9% over its IPO price of $28 a share.

    The company, which is a specialist in heating, ventilation and air conditioning for data centers and other buildings, priced toward the higher end of its estimated price range of $25 to $29 a share, in a sign of strong demand for the IPO.

    With 26 million shares in the deal, the IPO raised proceeds of $728 million with lead underwriters Goldman Sachs and Jefferies.

    Blackstone Inc. (BX) acquired Therma Holdings LLC for an undisclosed sum in 2020 and renamed the company Legence in 2022.

    With 103.65 million shares of Class A and Class B stock outstanding, San Jose, Calif.-based Legence has a market capitalization of about $2.9 billion.

    The company reported a net loss of $26.48 million on revenue of $1.1 billion in the six months ended June 30. In the year-ago period, it lost $8.77 million on revenue of $989.6 million.

    Legence said its revenue has grown at a compounded annual rate of approximately 39% between 2021 and 2024.

    Last year, the 6,000-employee company generated more than half of its revenue from “high-growth industries” such as data centers and life-sciences and healthcare markets, Legence said in its IPO prospectus.

    Its backlog of business grew 29% to $2.8 billion as of June 30, the company said.

    Black Rock Coffee IPO rises 38% in a rare entry from a consumer-facing business

    Black Rock Coffee Bar’s stock (BRCB) closed at $27.53 a share for a gain of 37.7% over its IPO price of $20 a share.

    Scottsdale, Ariz.-based Black Rock Coffee offered 14.7 million shares above its estimated price range of $16 to $18, raising $294 million.

    J.P. Morgan, Jefferies and Morgan Stanley are the lead underwriters.

    Black Rock Coffee marks a relatively rare entry from the retail food category.

    Founded in 2008 in Beaverton, Ore., Black Rock Coffee now operates at 158 locations in seven states.

    With 48.19 million shares of Class A, Class B and Class C common stock outstanding after the company goes public, Black Rock Coffee has a market capitalization of about $963.8 million.

    What started as a single 160-square-foot coffee bar in 2008 has become “one of the fastest-growing beverage companies in the United States by revenue and the largest fully company-owned coffee retailer in the country,” Black Rock said in its IPO prospectus.

    (MORE TO FOLLOW) Dow Jones Newswires

    09-12-25 1804ET

    Copyright (c) 2025 Dow Jones & Company, Inc.

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  • Particles Shot Out of The Sun Reveal Distinct Patterns, Scientists Find : ScienceAlert

    Particles Shot Out of The Sun Reveal Distinct Patterns, Scientists Find : ScienceAlert

    Our sun can seem deceptively peaceful from Earth, but only because we have the luxury of living 150 million kilometers away. Up close, it’s a nuclear-fuelled carnival ride of terror, launching countless tiny particles at speed far into interplanetary space.

    “The Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator in the Solar System,” writes a team of researchers behind a study on the energetic particles that stream forth in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

    According to the study’s lead author Alexander Warmuth, each of those events delivers streams of particles with very distinct features hinting at a different birthplace and backstory.

    Related: Solar Flares May Be Far Hotter Than We Imagined, New Calculations Reveal

    “We see a clear split between ‘impulsive’ particle events, where these energetic electrons speed off the Sun’s surface in bursts via solar flares, and ‘gradual’ ones associated with more extended CMEs,” says Warmuth, a heliophysicist at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) in Germany.

    The latter, more gradual events “release a broader swell of particles over longer periods of time and over broader angular ranges,” Warmuth adds.

    An illustration of Solar Orbiter measuring different types of solar energetic electrons. (ESA & NASA/Solar Orbiter/STIX & EPD)

    Using data from the European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter, which gets as close as 42 million kilometers to the Sun, Warmuth and his team measured those particles on location, focusing on a type known as solar energetic electrons (SEEs).

    A dichotomy of SEEs was already well established, but Solar Orbiter provided a wealth of data from an unprecedented proximity that revealed new details about where exactly each type of SEE came from.

    “We were only able to identify and understand these two groups by observing hundreds of events at different distances from the Sun with multiple instruments – something only Solar Orbiter can do,” Warmuth says.

    “By going so close to our star, we were able to measure the particles in a pristine state and could thus accurately determine the time and place where they started at the Sun,” he adds.

    The study is based on observations of more than 300 SEE events between 2020 and 2022, representing the most exhaustive such analysis so far.

    “It’s the first time we’ve clearly seen this connection between particles in space and their source events taking place at the Sun,” says co-author Frederic Schuller, also of AIP.

    “We measured the energetic electrons in situ – that is, Solar Orbiter actually flew through the electron streams – while simultaneously using more of the spacecraft’s instruments to observe what was happening at the Sun.”

    The probe’s eccentric orbit offered data on events at different distances from the Sun, yielding new insight about how these electrons behave on their travels. That includes a potential explanation for confusing lags between visual signs of solar flares and radio bursts, and the subsequent release of SEEs into space.

    solar flare
    An immense M7-class solar flare captured by NASA’s Solar Dynamics Observatory on 19 July 2012. (NASA/Royal Observatory Belgium/SIDC)

    “It turns out this is related to how the electrons travel through space – it’s not a lag in release, but a lag in detection,” says co-author and heliophysicist Laura Rodríguez-García.

    “The electrons encounter turbulence, get scattered in different directions, and so on, so we don’t spot them immediately,” she adds. “These effects build up as you move further from the Sun.”

    The probe was meant to produce insights like these, the authors note, and it should continue to illuminate solar secrets for years to come.

    “Thanks to Solar Orbiter, we’re getting to know our star better than ever,” says Daniel Müller, ESA project scientist for Solar Orbiter.

    That kind of familiarity is valuable for many reasons, including its potential for helping us protect spacecraft and their crews.

    “Knowledge such as this from Solar Orbiter will help protect other spacecraft in the future, by letting us better understand the energetic particles from the Sun that threaten our astronauts and satellites,” he says.

    The study was published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

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  • Particles Shot Out of The Sun Reveal Distinct Patterns, Scientists Find

    Particles Shot Out of The Sun Reveal Distinct Patterns, Scientists Find

    Our sun can seem deceptively peaceful from Earth, but only because we have the luxury of living 150 million kilometers away. Up close, it’s a nuclear-fuelled carnival ride of terror, launching countless tiny particles at speed far into interplanetary space.

    “The Sun is the most energetic particle accelerator in the Solar System,” writes a team of researchers behind a study on the energetic particles that stream forth in solar flares and coronal mass ejections (CMEs).

    According to the study’s lead author Alexander Warmuth, each of those events delivers streams of particles with very distinct features hinting at a different birthplace and backstory.

    Related: Solar Flares May Be Far Hotter Than We Imagined, New Calculations Reveal

    “We see a clear split between ‘impulsive’ particle events, where these energetic electrons speed off the Sun’s surface in bursts via solar flares, and ‘gradual’ ones associated with more extended CMEs,” says Warmuth, a heliophysicist at the Leibniz Institute for Astrophysics Potsdam (AIP) in Germany.

    The latter, more gradual events “release a broader swell of particles over longer periods of time and over broader angular ranges,” Warmuth adds.

    Using data from the European Space Agency-led Solar Orbiter, which gets as close as 42 million kilometers to the Sun, Warmuth and his team measured those particles on location, focusing on a type known as solar energetic electrons (SEEs).

    A dichotomy of SEEs was already well established, but Solar Orbiter provided a wealth of data from an unprecedented proximity that revealed new details about where exactly each type of SEE came from.

    “We were only able to identify and understand these two groups by observing hundreds of events at different distances from the Sun with multiple instruments – something only Solar Orbiter can do,” Warmuth says.

    “By going so close to our star, we were able to measure the particles in a pristine state and could thus accurately determine the time and place where they started at the Sun,” he adds.

    The study is based on observations of more than 300 SEE events between 2020 and 2022, representing the most exhaustive such analysis so far.

    “It’s the first time we’ve clearly seen this connection between particles in space and their source events taking place at the Sun,” says co-author Frederic Schuller, also of AIP.

    “We measured the energetic electrons in situ – that is, Solar Orbiter actually flew through the electron streams – while simultaneously using more of the spacecraft’s instruments to observe what was happening at the Sun.”

    The probe’s eccentric orbit offered data on events at different distances from the Sun, yielding new insight about how these electrons behave on their travels. That includes a potential explanation for confusing lags between visual signs of solar flares and radio bursts, and the subsequent release of SEEs into space.

    solar flare

    “It turns out this is related to how the electrons travel through space – it’s not a lag in release, but a lag in detection,” says co-author and heliophysicist Laura Rodríguez-García.

    “The electrons encounter turbulence, get scattered in different directions, and so on, so we don’t spot them immediately,” she adds. “These effects build up as you move further from the Sun.”

    The probe was meant to produce insights like these, the authors note, and it should continue to illuminate solar secrets for years to come.

    “Thanks to Solar Orbiter, we’re getting to know our star better than ever,” says Daniel Müller, ESA project scientist for Solar Orbiter.

    That kind of familiarity is valuable for many reasons, including its potential for helping us protect spacecraft and their crews.

    “Knowledge such as this from Solar Orbiter will help protect other spacecraft in the future, by letting us better understand the energetic particles from the Sun that threaten our astronauts and satellites,” he says.

    The study was published in Astronomy & Astrophysics.

    Related News

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  • Paramount denounces boycott of Israeli film industry as Gaza conflict divides Hollywood

    Paramount denounces boycott of Israeli film industry as Gaza conflict divides Hollywood

    Paramount on Friday sharply denounced a proposed boycott of Israeli film institutions by a group that calls itself Film Workers for Palestine and is supported by dozens of Hollywood luminaries.

    Earlier this week, the group launched an open letter pledging to withhold support for Israeli film festivals, production companies and other organizations that the group said were involved in “genocide and apartheid against the Palestinian people.”

    The letter has been signed by hundreds of individuals, including filmmakers Jonathan Glazer, Ava DuVernay, Yorgos Lanthimos, Emma Stone, Joaquin Phoenix, Rooney Mara, Olivia Colman and Mark Ruffalo.

    “As filmmakers, actors, film industry workers, and institutions, we recognize the power of cinema to shape perceptions,” the group wrote. “In this urgent moment of crisis, where many of our governments are enabling the carnage in Gaza, we must do everything we can to address complicity in that unrelenting horror.”

    The group pledged “not to screen films, appear at or otherwise work with Israeli film institutions — including festivals, cinemas, broadcasters and production companies,” which have been “implicated” in attacks on Palestinians. The group described its effort as being inspired by filmmakers joining the South African boycott over apartheid, a global campaign decades ago that proved influential in helping overturn the nation’s government.

    Paramount, which was acquired last month by the Larry Ellison family and private equity firm RedBird Capital Partners, made clear its opposition to the filmmakers’ campaign.

    “We believe in the power of storytelling to connect and inspire people, promote mutual understanding, and preserve the moments, ideas, and events that shape the world we share,” said an emailed statement attributed to the company. “We do not agree with recent efforts to boycott Israeli filmmakers. Silencing individual creative artists based on their nationality does not promote better understanding or advance the cause of peace.”

    Paramount is the first studio to state a position on the divisive issue. An insider who was not authorized to speak about the internal debate said Paramount Chief Executive David Ellison and the company’s leadership team felt strongly about the need to speak out in opposition, believing that individuals should not be boycotted based on their nationality.

    “The global entertainment industry should be encouraging artists to tell their stories and share their ideas with audiences throughout the world,” Paramount said. “We need more engagement and communication — not less.”

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  • ‘Insidious 6’ Sets Director, Cast & Release Date: Lin Shaye Returning

    ‘Insidious 6’ Sets Director, Cast & Release Date: Lin Shaye Returning

    EXCLUSIVE: Lin Shaye and Amelia Eve are headlining the next Insidious movie from Blumhouse and Sony Pictures’ Screen Gems and Stage 6 Films. Jacob Chase is directing off a script he wrote with David Leslie Johnson. Cameras roll next week in Australia for a August 21, 2026 theatrical release.

    The plot, like most Blumhouse horror movies at this stage, is under wraps.

    The film is produced by Jason Blum, Oren Peli, James Wan and Leigh Whannell, with executive producers Ryan Turek, Steven Schneider, Brian Kavanaugh-Jones and Johnson.

    Chase

    Josh Cullen Goodell

    This next chapter comes in the wake of the massive success of 2023’s Insidious: The Red Door, which became the highest-grossing film in the series, earning nearly $190 million globally. Since the franchise’s debut at the Toronto Film Festival in 2010, Insidious has become one of the most successful horror series of all time, grossing more than $740 million worldwide. This year’s TIFF marks 15 years since the original film’s premiere.

    Eve can be seen in a leading role in Sebastian Gutierrez’s Leopard Skin opposite Carla Gugino which is now streaming on Peacock. The actress is known for her breakout role in The Haunting of Bly Manor on Netflix opposite Victoria Pedretti, created by Mike Flanagan. She previously starred in The Blind for producer Brittany Yost and director Andrew Hyatt which is now streaming on Netflix. Her previous work includes the BBC 3 comedy series Enterprice and indie feature Big Boys Don’t Cry. Eve is represented by 42mp, Anonymous Content and Jackoway Austen Tyerman.

    Shaye starred in various Farrelly Brothers comedies including Dumb and DumberKingpin and There’s Something About Mary and transitioned into horror, appearing in A Nightmare on Elm StreetCritters2001 Maniacs, and the blockbuster Insidious franchise, where she became the face of the series and a genre icon. She has also starred in such independent films such as Room for Rent and produced and acted in The Call. On TV, she appeared in Showtime’s Penny Dreadful: City of Angels and won a 2020 Daytime Emmy for Eastsiders. Shaye is repped by Buchwald and Rugolo Entertainment.

    Chase wrote and directed Come Play for Amblin and Focus Features, based on his short film Larry. He directed and produced The Girl in the Woods for Peacock. Next up he is slated to direct Bad Boy for C2. His most recent short film Mr. Blur won the International Jury Award for Best Director at Fantasia 2023. Case, an alum of the Sundance Labs, is currently in development on his next features at Blumhouse and Atomic Monster and previously sold projects to HBO Max, New Line, Paramount and Sony. He is represented by CAA, Affirmative Entertainment and Gang, Tyre, Ramer, Brown & Passman. 

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