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Scientists discover protein that helps lung cancer spread to the brain
Researchers at McMaster University, Cleveland Clinic and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center have uncovered how a protein long associated with Alzheimer’s disease helps lung cancer spread to the brain – a discovery that offers hope that existing Alzheimer’s drugs could be repurposed in preventing cancer’s spread.

The study, published in Science Translational Medicine on July 2, 2025, details how the protein (BACE1) is instrumental in the development of brain metastases – tumours that spread to the brain from cancers originating elsewhere in the body – in people with lung cancer. These tumours occur in up to 40 per cent of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

“We’ve always associated BACE1 with Alzheimer’s disease, so to find it playing a major role in lung cancer brain metastases is an important discovery,” says senior author Sheila Singh, director of McMaster’s Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research and professor with the Department of Surgery. “It’s a reminder that cancer can hijack biological pathways in ways we don’t yet fully understand.”

To make the discovery, researchers used a cutting-edge gene activation technique known as a genome-wide in vivo CRISPR activation screen. The technique allowed researchers to systematically activate thousands of genes one by one in lung cancer cells and put the modified cells into mice. When BACE1 was switched on, the cancer cells were far more likely to invade the brain.

BACE1 has long been linked to Alzheimer’s disease, the most common form of dementia. In people with Alzheimer’s, BACE1 cuts a protein called APP, triggering the formation of sticky plaques in the brain.

Currently, there are limited therapies available once cancer has spread to the brain. However, researchers say the discovery of BACE1 does offer hope as a drug developed for Alzheimer’s could be repurposed.

The therapy uses a drug called Verubecestat that blocks BACE1 activity. Researchers found that mice given Verubecestat had fewer and smaller tumours, and also lived longer. The drug had shown promise in Alzheimer’s patients but a Phase 3 clinical trial was discontinued in 2018 after a committee determined it was unlikely that positive benefit/risk could be established.

“The discovery of BACE1 opens the door to repurposing existing treatments like Verubecestat to potentially prevent or slow the spread of lung cancer to the brain, where treatment options are currently very limited,” Singh says.

The team say more research is needed to better understand the effectiveness of the therapy in preventing the spread of lung cancer to the brain.

“This study highlights how interdisciplinary partnerships can lead to breakthroughs in understanding and treating devastating diseases like brain metastases,” said Shideng Bao, a researcher in Cleveland Clinic’s Department of Cancer Biology, a corresponding author on the paper. “By identifying BACE1 as a key player in the spread of lung cancer to the brain, we’ve uncovered a promising new avenue for therapeutic intervention that could ultimately improve outcomes for patients.”

The Sheila Singh Lab collaborated with Cleveland Clinic and Case Comprehensive Cancer Center on the research. Singh and her colleagues are world leaders in brain cancer research, previously discovering a pathway used by cancer cells to infiltrate the brain, as well as new therapeutic approaches.

The study was supported by funding from the Boris Family Fund for Brain Metastasis Research, the Canadian Cancer Society, the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Cancer Research UK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence the Cleveland Clinic Foundation and Lerner Research Institute, and a Sir Henry Wellcome Fellowship.

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Interested in covering this research?
- Senior author Sheila Singh, director of McMaster’s Centre for Discovery in Cancer Research and professor with the Department of Surgery, can be reached directly at [email protected].
For any other information, contact Adam Ward, media relations officer with McMaster University’s Faculty of Health Sciences at [email protected].
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July 2, 2025
NIH Scientists Link Air Pollution and Lung Cancer Mutations in Non-Smokers

New findings published Wednesday by the National Cancer Institute link tiny, toxic air pollutants to changes in lung cancer tumors at the genomic level in people who have never smoked.

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in the U.S., and the American Cancer Society reports that more people die of lung cancer every year than of colon, breast and prostate cancers combined. Non-smokers account for 10 to 25 percent of all lung cancer cases globally, but research on its causes in patients who have never smoked is less well established than for their tobacco-using counterparts, said the new study’s senior author, Maria Teresa Landi.

“We wanted to design a study to try to define the causes of lung cancer in never smokers so that we could potentially provide some suggestions for the improvement of prevention, early detection, therapy, etc,” Landi said.

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In their study, published in the journal Nature, Landi and colleagues from the National Institutes of Health’s NCI and the University of California San Diego analyzed the lung tumors of 871 nonsmokers from 28 locations across four continents. They found that the tumors of patients in highly polluted areas had many more genetic mutations than those in areas with cleaner air, and exhibited a diversity of mutations, including patterns typically found in smokers.

The paper is part of a larger project Landi is leading on lung cancer in nonsmokers, called the Sherlock-Lung study.

Air pollution is a serious public health hazard growing more dire as climate change brings increased wildfires, drought and extreme heat. The American Lung Association found earlier this year that nearly half of the country is living with dangerous levels of pollution, a drastic rise from last year’s figures. Air pollution is linked to a variety of health harms and was already considered the second leading cause of lung cancer.

The paper adds to well-established links between particulate air pollution and the disease, particularly in epidemiological research, which deals with patterns of disease at the population level. Wednesday’s study takes a different approach, building on genomic research and zooming in on the tumor level.

George Thurston, a professor of medicine and population health at New York University, has been a leading scholar on the impacts of air pollution on human health for decades.

The new NIH study, which he was not involved in, could play an important role in determining exactly which kinds of particulate matter impact human health, and how, he said.

“It’s environmental detective work,” Thurston said. “These kinds of tools will help us understand better the results we’re getting from epidemiology.”

Notably, the study found a stronger increase in mutations due to air pollution than from exposure to secondhand tobacco smoke. The authors noted that this gap may have been exacerbated by the unreliability of survey data from patients, who self-report their exposure to secondhand smoke with varying accuracy.

“I feel like I’m in the Matrix, and I’m the only one that took the red pill.” I know what’s going on, and everybody else is walking around thinking, ‘This stuff isn’t bad for your health.’”

— George Thurston, New York University School of Medicine

Thurston pointed out that although secondhand smoke is also a serious health concern, air pollution from fossil fuels is much more ubiquitous.

“We are engulfed in fossil-fuel-burning pollution every single day of our lives, all day long, night and day,” he said.

Sometimes, he tracks the air pollution on his commute to work using a portable air monitor to dismaying results, and wonders why more people around him don’t seem equally alarmed.

“I feel like I’m in the Matrix, and I’m the only one that took the red pill,” he said, referring to the sci-fi movie. “I know what’s going on, and everybody else is walking around thinking, ‘This stuff isn’t bad for your health.’”

The NIH study looked specifically at patients of European and East Asian descent—mostly in Europe, North America and Asia. Landi said future studies aim to expand focus to include participants from Latin America, Africa and Australia.

The paper found some geographic differences in mutations, like the strong presence of a particular gene mutation found almost exclusively in subjects in Taiwan and associated with exposure to aristolochic acid, a plant-based substance used in some forms of traditional medicine. The substance has previously been linked to bladder, liver and kidney cancers, but the authors believe theirs is the first evidence linking it to lung cancer.

The study adds to recent research on environmental and climate impacts on lung health. A paper published in Nature in March found that global warming may be contributing to dehydration and inflammation in human airways that could exacerbate lung diseases, and suggested that most Americans will face increased risk of airway inflammation by the second half of this century.

Meanwhile, the federal government is gutting funding for research—including at the NIH—studying the impacts of climate change on health and the disparate effects of pollution along social markers like race and gender.

The NIH study also comes out just one day after the U.S. Senate voted to pass a reconciliation bill that would axe incentives to cut emissions, provide subsidies for health-harming fossil fuels like coal and simultaneously eliminate health care for millions of lower-income Americans through about $1 trillion in cuts to Medicaid and Affordable Care Act marketplaces. Advocates raising the alarm on the health ramifications of air pollution point to dire consequences as a result of these moves.

Continued fossil fuel combustion leads to more air pollution, while also spawning weather that exacerbates the problem, resulting in greater health care costs, more illness and more deaths.

“Many elements of this bill will make Americans sicker, but the bill will also make it more expensive, if not impossible, for millions of Americans to get health care,” wrote Moms Clean Air Force’s federal policy director, Melody Reis, in a statement.

About This Story

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Keerti Gopal covers intersections between climate change, public health and environmental justice at Inside Climate News. Previously, she covered climate activism and movement repression. She is a National Geographic Explorer and has received fellowships from Fulbright, the Solutions Journalism Network, The Lever, and the National Press Foundation.

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July 2, 2025
Kate Middleton emotionally reflects on hardships after cancer treatment, admits she's ‘not able to…' – Hindustan Times – Hindustan Times
1. Kate Middleton emotionally reflects on hardships after cancer treatment, admits she’s ‘not able to…’ – Hindustan Times Hindustan Times
2. Catherine talks candidly of ‘life-changing’ cancer treatment BBC
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4. Kate Middleton Speaks Out on Phase After Cancer Treatment After Missing Royal Ascot: It’s ‘Really, Really Difficult’ People.com
5. What I’m hearing about Kate’s royal future after her absence at Ascot Daily Mail
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July 2, 2025
Astronomers spot potential ‘interstellar visitor’ A11pl3Z shooting through the solar system toward Earth

Astronomers have spotted what they think might be an “interstellar object” hurtling through the solar system — and it’s headed toward us. The visiting space object, potentially the third of its kind ever seen, will make its closest approach to the sun in around four months, before eventually leaving our cosmic neighborhood forever.

The newly discovered object, currently dubbed A11pl3Z, was first spotted in data collected between June 25 and June 29 by the Asteroid Terrestrial-impact Last Alert System (ATLAS), which automatically scans the night sky using telescopes in Hawaii and South Africa. The mystery object was confirmed by both NASA’s Center for Near Earth Object Studies and the International Astronomical Union’s Minor Planet Center on Tuesday (July 1), according to EarthSky.org.

A11pl3Z is most likely a large asteroid, or maybe a comet, potentially spanning up to 12 miles (20 kilometers). It is traveling toward the inner solar system at around 152,000 mph (245,000 km/h) and is approaching us from the part of the night sky where the bar of the Milky Way is located.

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Based on A11pl3Z’s speed and trajectory, experts think it originated from beyond the sun’s gravitational influence and has enough momentum to shoot straight through our cosmic neighborhood without slowing down. However, more observations are needed to tell for sure.

Until now, only two confirmed interstellar visitors have ever been spotted: Comet 2I/Borisov, which was seen sailing through the solar system in 2019; and ‘Oumuamua, a cigar-shaped object that made headlines in 2017 when some astronomers argued it was potentially an alien probe, before experts showed it was most likely a hydrogen-spewing space rock.

A11pl3Z’s projected trajectory through the solar system strongly hints that it is an interstellar object. (Image credit: David Rankin/Catalina Sky Survey)

But scientists have long suspected that many more interstellar interlopers likely pass through our cosmic neighborhood without ever being detected.

Related: 1 million ‘interstellar objects’ — each larger than the Statue of Liberty — may lurk in the outer solar system

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A11pl3Z is currently around 3.8 times as far from the sun as Earth is. Its first close approach to a planet will be on Oct. 3, when it comes relatively close to Mars. Shortly afterward, it will reach its closest point to the sun, or perihelion, on Oct. 23, coming within two Earth-sun distances of our home star, according to Universe Today.

Only two confirmed interstellar objects have ever been spotted before now: Comet 2I/Borisov and ‘Oumuamua (illustrated here). (Image credit: M. Kornmesser/ESO)

Earth will be on the opposite side of the sun as A11pl3Z during the object’s solar flyby, so it will pose no risk to our planet. The object will likely make its closest approach to Earth in December, on its journey back out of the solar system.

Researchers will continue to study the object in the coming weeks and months to learn more about its size, shape and origins. And, compared with when the previous interstellar objects passed by, we now have better ways of tracking and imaging the mysterious space rock.

For example, the Vera C. Rubin Observatory — the world’s most powerful optical telescope, which recently released its first images — will likely be fully operational by the time A11pl3Z is closest to us, and the telescope is exceptionally good at spotting moving objects, like asteroids.

Some researchers have also proposed using NASA’s Mars rovers to photograph the object as it flies close to the Red Planet. Avi Loeb, an astronomer at Harvard University who first proposed that ‘Oumuamua might be an alien probe, has additionally suggested using the James Webb Space Telescope to search for signs of “non-gravitational acceleration” — indicating, perhaps, some kind of artificial propulsion system — in A11pl3Z, via a post on Medium.

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July 2, 2025
Trump announces US-Vietnam trade deal

President Donald Trump said on Wednesday that the US will charge 20% tariffs on imports from Vietnam under a new trade deal reached during last-minute negotiations.

A much higher levy of 46% was set to go into effect next week as part of the global tariff plan Trump announced in April. Dozens of other economies, including the European Union and Japan, are still scrambling to make their own deals with the US before the planned increases.

Under the agreement, Vietnam will charge no tariffs on US products, Trump said in a social media post.

Tariffs typically push up the prices that shoppers are charged, which in turn can drive down demand.

The “Great Deal of Cooperation”, as Trump called it, will also impose a steeper tariff of 40% on goods that pass through Vietnam in a process known as “transshipping”.

“Vietnam will do something that they have never done before, give the United States of America TOTAL ACCESS to their Markets for Trade,” Trump posted on his Truth Social platform.

“In other words, they will ‘OPEN THEIR MARKET TO THE UNITED STATES,’ meaning that we will be able to sell our product into Vietnam at ZERO Tariff,” he added.

The president said he believed US-made SUVs, “which do so well in the United States, will be a wonderful addition to the various product lines within Vietnam”.

Shares in clothing companies and sport equipment manufacturers – which have a large footprint in Vietnam – rose on the news a deal had been reached, but later declined sharply after the president released details, including the continued tariffs.

Trump initially imposed steep levies on trading partners around the world in April , citing a lack of “reciprocity”, but then announced a pause where they were all lowered to 10%.

Many countries then approached the US to negotiate trade deals, according to the White House.

Since April, Washington had so far only announced a pact with Britain and a deal to temporarily lower retaliatory duties with China.

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July 2, 2025
X Years From Today… the Age of Revelation

Grab these comics and more at your local comic book shop! Or redeem then read your digital copy on the Marvel Unlimited app by using the code found in your print comic. Find and support your local comic book shop at ComicShopLocator.com.

To read your Marvel comics digitally, download the Marvel Unlimited app for iOS and Android devices. Gain an expansive catalog of 30,000+ comics spanning Marvel Comics history, plus access your entire digital library including comics redeemed from print.

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July 2, 2025
Amazon is offering a like-new Kindle Paperwhite 2024 for just $107

With less than a week until Prime Day kicks off, we’re already seeing some exciting early deals pop up. And now we can add two more great discounts to the list: the refurbished ad-supported Kindle Paperwhite is down to $106.99 ($37 off) at Amazon, while the refurbished Kindle Paperwhite Signature Edition is $126.99 ($53 off) at Amazon. Both discounts bring the like-new e-readers to all-time lows — just in time to read Andy Weir’s Project Hail Mary before the movie adaptation hits theaters next year.

The Kindle Paperwhite is one of our favorite e-readers, especially for those who are already in the Kindle ecosystem. It offers a large 7-inch display, sharp 300ppi resolution, and an adjustable warm white front light, making it more comfortable to read in different environments. It’s also waterproof, so you can read while lounging by the pool, which I plan to do a lot of this summer. Meanwhile, the battery is rated to last for up to 12 weeks on a single charge, though your mileage may vary depending on your reading habits.

If you don’t want ads on your e-reader, the Kindle Paperwhite Signature Edition offers an ad-free experience — plus a few other goodies that the standard Kindle Paperwhite doesn’t. For starters, the Signature Edition has double the storage, so you can download even more books, PDFs, and audiobooks, which you can listen to with Bluetooth headphones or speakers. It also features an auto-adjusting front light, so you don’t have to constantly adjust the brightness throughout the day. Finally, the Signature Edition supports wireless charging, a feature you don’t often see in this space.

Both models are faster than the last-gen iterations thanks to a dual-core processor, so turning pages, highlighting text, and looking up words is more responsive. Amazon says its refurbished products are thoroughly inspected, cleaned, and tested to ensure they’re fully functional, and you get the same one-year limited warranty as new products. If you need a break from games, movies, and podcasts, we have plenty of great book recommendations to check out.

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July 2, 2025
Knowledge Group Consulting buys learning & development business Biz Group

Knowledge Group Consulting has acquired Biz Group, one of the UAE’s well-established learning and development firms.

Founded over three decades ago, Biz Group is a learning and development company that helps its client equip their people with the skills, mindset, and tools needed to perform at their best. The Dubai-headquartered firm has served hundreds of organisations across the UAE, Saudi Arabia, and wider Middle East since its inception, providing corporate training, teambuilding, and learning technology services.

With the addition of Biz Group, Knowledge Group expands its learning & development offerings, one of its four core lines of business alongside strategic HR consulting, talent assessment, and organisational development. The bolt-on also deepens its expertise in learning technologies, including in digital learning, artificial intelligence, and virtual reality.

“We are proud to combine our efforts with Biz Group to expand our training offerings and deliver client-centric, innovative solutions through technology, digital transformation, and artificial intelligence, while enhancing the efficiency and impact of our services for both public and private sector partners,” said Ahmad Badr, CEO of Knowledge Group.

The deal has been closed by Nema Education, the parent of Knowledge Group Consulting, for an undisclosed sum. Following the acquisition, the two companies will continue operating under their respective brands names, ensuring business continuity for all clients and partners.

Ali Saeed bin Harmal Al Dhaheri, Chairman of Nema Education, stated: “Our investment in Biz Group is aligned with our long-term vision to shape the future of workforce development in the region. By combining our strategic capabilities and scale with Biz Group’s strong legacy and innovative learning experiences, we are building a powerful platform to empower individuals and organizations to thrive in a rapidly evolving world.”

Ali Saeed Bin Harmal Al Dhaheri (Nema Education) and Hazel Jackson (Biz Group)

Meanwhile, for Biz Group, the joining of forces with the award-winning will enable the firm to scale its reach and impact for clients and staff, said Founder and CEO Hazel Jackson. “I’m incredibly proud of what we’ve built at Biz Group over the past 30 years. Joining forces with Knowledge Group represents a powerful next step allowing us to scale our purpose, expand our reach, and continue delivering transformational learning experiences.”

“Our teams are united by a shared vision for the future of learning, and I’m excited to see the new possibilities this brings.”

Since its inception in 2006, Knowledge Group Consulting has trained more than 160,000 employees in around 20 countries around the world. The company is mostly active in the Middle East and North Africa.

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July 2, 2025
The adverse effects of metabolic disorder on left ventricular myocardial mechano-energetic efficiency and dysfunction in ischemic cardiomyopathy: insight from a cardiac MRI study | Cardiovascular Diabetology
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