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What time is the Wimbledon final between Sinner & Alcaraz? – ATP Tour
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Triumph of Mariner 4 – NASA Science
Sixty years ago, NASA’s Mariner 4 became the first spacecraft to fly by Mars, capturing the first close-up images of any planet beyond Earth. Its pictures of a barren, cratered surface snuffed out notions of little green men and alien civilizations, but they ignited the era of Mars exploration.
For as long as humans have looked up, Mars has beckoned.
A pale orange point of light, unlike anything else in the night sky. A glowing cinder, floating above the campfire. Tantalizing, but out of reach. What’s up there? What does it look like — up close?
No one could know for sure, even using the finest instruments and telescopes on Earth, when peering from 35 million miles away (at its closest).
But we kept trying, even for just a glimpse.
How we used to see Mars:
1610: Galileo, Cassini Bring Mars Closer
Galileo was the first to view Mars through a telescope, in 1610. Italian astronomer Giovanni Cassini observed the southern polar ice cap, and measured the length of the Martian day accurately to within three minutes, in 1666. In the centuries that followed, others sketched what they saw through ever-improving optics, and according to the Globe Museum of the Austrian National Library, the surface of Mars had been completely mapped by 1841.
Completely — perhaps. Accuracy was still a work in progress.
1888: Canali on Mars
Giovanni Schiaparelli, another Italian astronomer, drew long, linear features he spied on the surface, calling them canali — Italian for channels, or gullies. They were later determined to be optical illusions, but not before mis-translations branded them canals. The Suez Canal had opened in 1869, and work on the Panama Canal began in 1881 — in the public imagination, canals meant industry and civilization.
Mars, the Abode of Life
American astronomer Percival Lowell enthusiastically championed the belief in canals, telling the New York Times in 1907 that Mars is “at present the abode of intelligent, constructive life. …No other supposition is consonant with all the facts here.” In addition to bankrolling a world-class observatory so he could study Mars — his namesake facility in Arizona — Lowell wrote three popular books on the Red Planet: Mars (1895), Mars and Its Canals (1906), and Mars as the Abode of Life (1908). He reasoned that Martians were peaceful, given the cooperation required to build a worldwide canal network.
What if they weren’t peaceful? What would that be like? Writers such as Edgar Rice Burroughs and H.G. Wells had some ideas.
Mars, Bringer of War
Speculation about what might be happening on Mars fueled public imagination, so Martians flooded popular culture from the late 1800s into the 20th century — in books, movies, radio plays, music, advertising.
Some visitors from the Red Planet appeared benevolent, architects of advanced civilizations, even willing to share their utopian ideals and advanced technology. Another view posed Mars as a threat — warlike, expansionist, inhuman — a theme spawned by H.G. Wells’ “The War of the Worlds” (1898). In that, the Martians’ own planet was drying up and dying, so they “regarded this Earth with envious eyes, and slowly and surely drew their plans against us.”
Our Best View of Mars, 1956
Before Mariner 4 visited Mars, even the best telescopes on Earth gave us only faint glimpses of the Red Planet
Alien-invasion movies of the 1950s had more to do with a different Red Scare than any fear of Mars. But yearning for canals, or any other details we could see, persisted. Our own turbulent atmosphere gets in the way, though.
In September 1956, Mars made its closest approach to Earth since 1924, passing only 35.1 million miles away (about 56.49 million kilometers). For this “opposition,” when Mars and the Sun would be on opposite sides of Earth, and the Red Planet would be at its closest and brightest, Earth-bound astronomers trained their telescopes on Mars. Among the best: the 100-inch telescope at the Mount Wilson Observatory in Southern California; it’s the instrument Edwin Hubble used to prove that our Milky Way galaxy is not the extent of the universe, but merely one of millions of galaxies in a vast, ever-expanding cosmos.
At right, the best view it offered of Mars, the planet next door.
Then, one image changed everything:
Robert B. Leighton
Mariner 4 Principal Investigator, Caltech, speaking at the White House July 29, 1965
Mariner 4: Image No. 11, Mariner Crater
This photo clearly showed craters upon craters, and nothing else — a “scientifically startling fact,” according to the Mariner imaging team. They saw a desolate landscape that had scarcely changed in 2 to 5 billion years, an environment more like the lifeless Moon than any place on Earth.
They called the revelation “profound,” not just for what it suggested about Mars’ past and present, but because it “further enhances the uniqueness of Earth within the solar system.”
Mariner 4: Image No. 11, Mariner Crater
No canals, but a path forward
Mariner flew above areas where canals had been drawn, and saw none. If the cratered, barren, untouched surface disappointed some observers, many scientists saw an opportunity. If these areas had gone undisturbed for 2 billion years, they could one day reveal what rocky planets such as Earth were like, in their first couple billion years of existence — clues that had long since been wiped from Earth’s surface by plate tectonics and other processes.
And even if Mariner revealed no signs of life on Mars, they believed Mars could one day serve as a time capsule, showing how life arose on Earth. “If the Martian surface is truly in its primitive form,” the Mariner team said, “that surface may prove to be the best — perhaps the only — place in the solar system still preserving clues to original organic development, traces of which have long since disappeared from Earth.”
Those are the same clues the Curiosity and Perseverance rovers are searching Mars for right now — signs of past life.
Success, even before the photos
Two days after the flyby, when only one of 21 complete images from Mars had arrived, the New York Times published an editorial, “Triumph of Mariner 4,” which said, “it is already clear that Mariner 4’s historic journey to Mars is the most successful and most important experiment man has yet conducted in space, as well as one of the most brilliant engineering and scientific achievements of all time.”
Mariner 4 was not just there for snapshots. Its other instruments revealed that the atmospheric pressure on Mars was less than 1% that on Earth’s surface — too low for liquid water to exist. And Mars had no discernable magnetic field, unlike Earth, so no protection from a deadly barrage of solar and cosmic radiation. Mars was proven to be hostile — but to life on its own surface, not to anyone on Earth.
‘Color-by-Numbers’ Mars
;
;
photo sharing, across 134 million miles
The First Mars Close-Up Photo
This documentary clip shows the Mariner 4 team at NASA’s Jet Propulsion Laboratory, waiting for computers to process the data sent from the spacecraft back to Earth, turning that into an image, and then the moment they see the picture they had been waiting for.
Watch the Full Documentary, ‘JPL and the Space Age: The Changing Face of Mars’
The 21 full images from Mariner 4 were historic, a view of Mars that humans had been straining to see for centuries, if not longer. But the images covered only 1% of the planet’s surface — a fleeting glimpse.
We needed to see more. We needed to go back. So we did.
back to mars
The Missions that Followed Mariner 4, and What They Showed Us
The NASA missions that succeeded Mariner 4 — making their own history in Red Planet exploration — have delivered images and insights only dreamed of in 1965. Since then, and through today, orbiters, landers, five different rovers, and even a tiny helicopter have traversed Mars — continually teaching us more about the Red Planet, about the origins of our solar system and our world, and whether life has ever existed someplace other than Earth.
Read: ‘Advances in NASA Imaging Changed How World Sees Mars’
Kids! dream it, then draw it
Space Place Art Challenge: Mars and Mariner 4
Sixty years ago, humans had never seen Mars up close, only long-distance views from telescopes on Earth. Then NASA’s Mariner 4 spacecraft took the first surprising pictures of the Red Planet, on July 14, 1965. Draw what you think you’d see in your first glimpse of Mars: Little green men? Big red rocks? Ancient alien cities, or a dusty, digging rover? Show us what you imagine!
Visit Space Place to Learn More
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Italy 1-3 Spain: La Roja impress as quarter-finals await at Women's EURO 2025 – UEFA.com
- Italy 1-3 Spain: La Roja impress as quarter-finals await at Women’s EURO 2025 UEFA.com
- Italy 1-3 Spain: Italy through to Euro 2025 quarter-finals as Spain top Group B BBC
- Women’s EUROs Group B games in final stages with top spot up for grabs OneFootball
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- UEFA Women’s EURO 2025: What did we learn from Spain’s perfect group record? Olympics.com
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Iran’s attack on Qatar air base hit US dome device
DUBAI, United Arab Emirates (AP) — An Iranian attack on an air base in Qatar that’s key to the U.S. military hit a geodesic dome housing equipment used by the Americans for secure communications, satellite images analyzed Friday by The Associated Press show.
Hours after the publication of this AP report, Pentagon spokesperson Sean Parnell acknowledged that an Iranian ballistic missile had hit the dome. Qatar did not respond to requests for comment about the damage.
The Iranian attack on Al Udeid Air Base outside of Doha, Qatar’s capital, on June 23 came as a response to the American bombing of three nuclear sites in Iran — and provided the Islamic Republic a way to retaliate that quickly led to a ceasefire brokered by U.S. President Donald Trump ending the 12-day Iran-Israel war.
The Iranian attack otherwise did little damage — likely because of the fact that the U.S. evacuated its aircraft from the base, which is home to the forward headquarters of the U.S. military’s Central Command, before the attack.
Trump also has said that Iran signaled when and how it would retaliate, allowing American and Qatari air defense to be ready for the attack, which briefly disrupted air travel in the Middle East, but otherwise didn’t tip over into the regional war long feared by analysts.
Images show burn marks, dome gone after attack
Satellite images from Planet Labs PBC show the geodesic dome visible at the Al Udeid Air Base on the morning of June 23, just hours before the attack.
The U.S. Air Force’s 379th Air Expeditionary Wing, which operates out of the base, announced in 2016 the installation of the $15 million piece of equipment, known as a modernized enterprise terminal. Photos show a satellite dish inside of the dome, known as a radome.
Images taken June 25 and every day subsequently show the dome is gone, with some damage visible on a nearby building. The rest of the base appears largely untouched in the images.
In a statement, Parnell said the missile strike “did minimal damage to equipment and structures on the base.”
“Al Udeid Air Base remains fully operational and capable of conducting its mission, alongside our Qatari partners, to provide security and stability in the region,” he added.
The London-based satellite news channel Iran International first reported on the damage, citing satellite photos taken by a different provider.
Trump downplayed attack while Iran boasted about it
In the U.S., Trump described the Iranian attack as a “very weak response.” He had said that Tehran fired 14 missiles, with 13 intercepted and one being “set free” as it was going in a “nonthreatening” direction.
“I want to thank Iran for giving us early notice, which made it possible for no lives to be lost, and nobody to be injured,” he wrote on his website Truth Social.
The White House had no immediate comment after Parnell’s acknowledgment Friday. Trump visited Al Udeid Air Base on May 15 as part of his Mideast tour.
After the attack, Iran’s paramilitary Revolutionary Guard insisted that the air base had been the “target of a destructive and powerful missile attack.” Iran’s Supreme National Security Council also said that the base had been “smashed,” without offering any specific damage assessments.
Potentially signaling that he knew the dome had been hit, an adviser to Iranian Supreme Leader Ayatollah Ali Khamenei separately said that the base’s communications had been disconnected by the attack.
“All equipment of the base was completely destroyed and now the U.S. command stream and connection from Al Udeid base to its other military bases have been completely cut,” said Ahmad Alamolhoda, a hard-line cleric.
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Associated Press writers Nasser Karimi in Tehran, Iran, and Michelle L. Price in Washington contributed to this report.
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Save up to 53% on Apple, Sony and More
Best Prime Day Headphone and Earbud deals on Day 4:
It’s Prime Day (just — the sale ends at midnight tonight), which means if you’re in the market for a pair of noise cancelling headphones to help you dial into your next set, or some sweat-resistant in-ear buds to deliver the soundtrack for your runs, now’s the perfect time to pick up a new pair, courtesy of the best Prime Day headphone and earbud deals.
Amazon Prime Day Headphone Deals
If workout buds are what you’re looking for, the new Beats Powerbeats Pro 2, with their secure ear-hook design, noise cancellation and heart rate monitoring capabilities, have been discounted for the first time – down from £249.99 to £185, a saving of £64.99. For more spacial awareness on your runs, our top-rated Shokz OpenRun Pro 2 are also on sale. These combine both air and bone conduction audio and stand out from the pack as the most capable open-ear headphones for bass and overall sound quality – now 20% off at £135.
Prime Day has also offered up some impressive discounts on day-to-day cans. At £179, the Apple AirPods Pro 2 (which also make for capable workout headphones) have been reduced to their all-time low price, along with the Apple AirPods 4 – down 17% to £149. For over-ear savings, the Sony WH-1000XM4 with powerful noise cancellation are on sale – 27% off –while the Bose QuietComfort Ultra with their top-tier noise-cancellation and dynamic sound are a massive £150 off this Prime Day.
More Prime Day Deals
Here at Men’s Health, we’ve been closely monitoring the best Prime Day deals across our favourite health and fitness buys. We’ve rounded up the 89 best Amazon Prime Day deals so far and there’s plenty of headphone offers worth shouting about. The sale began at 12:00am on Tuesday 8 July and will last until 23:59 on Friday 11 July, leaving you with less than 2 hours to shop.
And if you’re still in research mode, check out our comprehensive breakdown of the top gym headphones right now. Whether you’re seeking peace at the office or focus during your next run, we’re on the hunt for the top headphone discounts from leading brands including Apple, Bose, Soundcore and Beats. You can rely on us to dig through the listings and feature all the best headphone deals right here.
When does Prime Day end?
Prime Day 2025 officially wraps up tonight, Friday 11th July — so if you’ve been eyeing up big-ticket tech, fitness gear, or grooming upgrades, now’s the time to act. The four-day sale actually kicked off on Tuesday 8th July, giving shoppers 96 hours of epic deals, but the clock is now ticking.
Amazon tends to save some of its best discounts for the final hours, so don’t assume you’ve missed the boat. Whether you’re after noise-cancelling headphones for your workouts, protein supplements on the cheap, or an electric shaver built for precision, this is your last chance to bag a bargain before prices shoot back up.
Remember: once midnight hits, it’s game over. So make your move, load up your basket, and get in before the buzzer.
Luke Chamberlain is the ecommerce editor for Men’s Health UK where he compiles expert-led buying guides and in-depth product reviews across gym wear, fitness tech, supplements, and grooming. Responsible for testing everything from the latest gym headphones to the best manscaping tools, Luke also enlists the help of leading health and wellness experts to help readers make informed choices when shopping online – whether it’s to debunk the latest viral hair growth trend or to get the lowdown on a new type of recovery tech. He also covers major sales events for Men’s Health, such as Black Friday and Amazon Prime Day, scouting and verifying hundreds of discounts in order to recommend only the most genuine deals on offer. A magazine journalism graduate from the University of Sheffield in 2018, Luke has also worked as assistant editor for Outdoor Swimmer magazine and as an ecommerce writer for The Recommended. When he’s not testing the latest health and fitness products, he’s busy plotting routes for his next trail run or gravel ride out of London. Follow Luke on Instagram at @lukeochamb
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Download All of Netflix in One Second? Researchers in Japan Just Broke the Internet Speed Record
What if you could download Netflix’s entire library in under a second? How about every English language page on Wikipedia (including all revisions) five times over?
That’s the dream that scientists with Japan’s National Institute of Information and Communications Technology have made a reality, achieving a world record in data transmission speed of 1.02 Petabits per second over 1,123 miles — roughly the distance between Miami and Cleveland.
To put that in perspective, we usually measure internet speed in Megabits per second (Mbps). A Petabit is equal to a billion Megabits, which means the speed achieved by the NICT researchers would measure out to 1,020,000,000Mbps — more than 3.5 million times faster than the average internet speed in the US right now.
Why would you need to transmit data that quickly? It might seem like a novelty record akin to hooking up 444 gaming consoles to one TV, but the breakthrough speeds have legitimate real-world implications.
“The result represents a major step forward in developing scalable, high-capacity networks and addressing the world’s growing demand for data,” the NICT report states.
That’s because the researchers used fiber-optic cables that are compatible with infrastructure that already exists. For the test, they used a 19-core optical fiber with a standard cladding diameter of 0.125 mm — the same thickness currently used in networks around the world.
This 19-core optical fiber is able to use 19 different light paths to transmit data in the same space that’s usually taken up by one. That’s how you can get such a massive increase in capacity without entirely overhauling the 870,000 miles of undersea cables that run the internet.
We may need that increase in speed sooner than we think, too. A well-known rule in the networking world called Nielsen’s law states that a high-end internet user’s connection speed grows by roughly 50% each year, doubling every 21 months — an observation that has held true since 1983. I’d say a high-end internet user has one-gig speeds right now; in a decade, it’s not hard to imagine that being 10 Gigabits per second. To keep up with growing demand like that, we’ll need a lot more records to be broken.
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What did we learn from Spain’s perfect group record?
Spain at EURO 2025: What have we learned so far?
Coming into a tournament as the overwhelming favourites brings a certain pressure, yet Spain have shown no signs of it in the way they’ve been playing.
A clean sweep in the group, even in spite of conceding a handful, saw them cruise to the last eight as expected.
Here’s what we noticed from a masterful outing across their first three games…
Putellas is back to her best
Alexia Putellas is undoubtedly one of the best midfielders in the world; you don’t win two Ballon d’Or accolades without dominating.
After suffering an ACL injury on the eve of EURO 2022, it had taken the 31-year-old a little while to find her feet again – but now she has, she is soaring.
Bar 21/22, she recorded her best-ever return in front of goal for FC Barcelona in the run-up to representing her nation in Switzerland.
Putellas has gone on to pull the strings in this tournament, registering seven goal involvements thus far, with three goals and four assists.
Such an emphatic return to her best is not only evident on the pitch, but the player feels it within herself.
“For me, without a doubt, I am the best Alexia,” she said at Spain’s pre-Euros camp.
“I know myself much better, I know what my qualities are, I know what those are in my work.
She is determined to win what would be Spain’s first European title, and it shows.
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Special Savings Certificates: Rs5,300 profit announced on Rs100,000 investment
ISLAMABAD – The Central Directorate of National Savings has slashed the profit rates on Special Savings Certificates with effect from July 2025, reflecting a downward trend in national inflation.
The Special Savings Certificates are designed to offer a secure investment avenue to small and medium-scale investors, with fixed returns paid out every six months.
These certificates come with a three-year maturity period and are open to all Pakistani citizens. Notably, there is no upper limit on the amount that can be invested.
Updated Profit Rates – Effective July 2025
According to the latest update, the revised profit rate stands at 10.60% for each of the first five bi-annual payments, translating to Rs5,300 per Rs100,000 investment every six months.
The final (sixth) profit payment will be at a higher rate of 11.60%, or Rs5,800 on an investment of Rs100,000.
Withholding Tax
As per current taxation rules, individuals listed on the Active Taxpayer List (ATL) will face a 15% withholding tax on profits, regardless of when or how much is invested.
The non-taxpayers will be subject to a 30% withholding tax on the earnings.
These adjustments are part of the government’s efforts to align returns with prevailing economic indicators, while continuing to offer safe investment opportunities to the public.
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Prime Day Deal: Last Hours to Score the Kindle Paperwhite at an All Time Low of $125
Nothing beats relaxing by the pool with a good book and with the Kindle Paperwhite you can take thousands of titles with you anywhere you go. Our experts named it the best all-around e-reader of 2025. It’s even better now that you can pick it up at a record-low price. Amazon has knocked $35 off the usual price for Prime Day, which means you can get your hands on one for just $125 right now. However, the sale wraps up tonight, so you have only a few hours left to shop one of the best Kindle deals we’re likely to see all year. Order yours now if you don’t want to miss out on these savings.
The Kindle Paperwhite is the latest e-reader in Amazon’s lineup and impressed our reviewer with it’s 300 ppi high-resolution display, fast page turns and advanced lighting scheme. It has a 7-inch glare-free screen and boast up to 94 nits of brightness so you can use it anywhere — even in bright lighting conditions. With 16GB of storage, it can hold thousands of books at a time and at just 0.3-inch and 211g you can take it anywhere.
Plus, it’s equipped with Bluetooth connectivity so you can listen to Audible audiobooks as well. With an IPX8 rating for water resistance, you don’t have to worry about it getting splashed or rained on and it also has an impressive 12-week battery life so it’s great for off-grid adventures.
The ad-supported version — which only shows ads on the lockscreen — is available for just $125, or you can upgrade to the ad-free version for $145. Additionally, the Kindle Paperwhite Signature is also on sale: It’s 25% off, bringing its usual price of $200 down to $150. The Signature has twice the storage of the less-expensive models (32GB), wireless charging and an auto-adjusting front light. Plus, all models come with three free months of Kindle Unlimited, which saves you an additional $36. Just note that your subscription will renew automatically.
Hey, did you know? CNET Deals texts are free, easy and save you money.
E-READER DEALS OF THE WEEK
Deals are selected by the CNET Group commerce team, and may be unrelated to this article.
Why this deal matters
If you aren’t a traditionalist who prefers the smell or feel of paper, getting a good e-reader can really broaden your reading horizons. They take up so much less space than a bookcase (or three) and getting new books couldn’t be easier. This is one of the absolute best Prime Day e-reader deals we’ve seen during this year’s event so make sure you don’t miss out on this bargain.
You can find even more great bargains in our roundup of all the best Amazon Prime Day sales still available.
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Musk’s latest Grok chatbot searches for billionaire mogul’s views before answering questions
The latest version of Elon Musk’s artificial intelligence chatbot Grok is echoing the views of its billionaire creator, so much so that it will sometimes search online for Musk’s stance on an issue before offering up an opinion.
The unusual behavior of Grok 4, the AI model that Musk’s company xAI released late Wednesday, has surprised some experts.
Built using huge amounts of computing power at a Tennessee data center, Grok is Musk’s attempt to outdo rivals such as OpenAI’s ChatGPT and Google’s Gemini in building an AI assistant that shows its reasoning before answering a question.
Musk’s deliberate efforts to mold Grok into a challenger of what he considers the tech industry’s “woke” orthodoxy on race, gender and politics has repeatedly got the chatbot into trouble, most recently when it spouted antisemitic tropes, praised Adolf Hitler and made other hateful commentary to users of Musk’s X social media platform just days before Grok 4’s launch.
But its tendency to consult with Musk’s opinions appears to be a different problem.
“It’s extraordinary,” said Simon Willison, an independent AI researcher who’s been testing the tool. “You can ask it a sort of pointed question that is around controversial topics. And then you can watch it literally do a search on X for what Elon Musk said about this, as part of its research into how it should reply.”
One example widely shared on social media — and which Willison duplicated — asked Grok to comment on the conflict in the Middle East. The prompted question made no mention of Musk, but the chatbot looked for his guidance anyway.
As a so-called reasoning model, much like those made by rivals OpenAI or Anthropic, Grok 4 shows its “thinking” as it goes through the steps of processing a question and coming up with an answer. Part of that thinking this week involved searching X, the former Twitter that’s now merged into xAI, for anything Musk said about Israel, Palestine, Gaza or Hamas.
“Elon Musk’s stance could provide context, given his influence,” the chatbot told Willison, according to a video of the interaction. “Currently looking at his views to see if they guide the answer.”
Musk and his xAI co-founders introduced the new chatbot in a livestreamed event Wednesday night but haven’t published a technical explanation of its workings — known as a system card — that companies in the AI industry typically provide when introducing a new model.
The company also didn’t respond to an emailed request for comment Friday.
The lack of transparency is troubling for computer scientist Talia Ringer, a professor at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign who earlier in the week criticized the company’s handling of the technology’s antisemitic outbursts.
Ringer said the most plausible explanation for Grok’s search for Musk’s guidance is assuming the person asking it a question is actually xAI or Musk.
“I think people are expecting opinions out of a reasoning model that cannot respond with opinions,” she said. “So for example it interprets ‘Who do you support, Israel or Palestine?’ as ‘Who does xAI leadership support?”
Willison also said he finds Grok 4’s capabilities impressive but said people buying software “don’t want surprises like it turning into ‘mechaHitler’ or deciding to search for what Musk thinks about issues.”
“Grok 4 looks like it’s a very strong model. It’s doing great in all of the benchmarks,” Willison said. “But if I’m going to build software on top of it, I need transparency.”
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