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  • Mysterious bright objects found in space have astronomers baffled

    Mysterious bright objects found in space have astronomers baffled

    Researchers analyzing images from the James Webb Space Telescope report 300 unusually bright objects that vanish from bluer filters yet appear in redder ones, a classic signature used to flag very distant systems.

    Some of these sources almost certainly belong to a closer crowd wearing heavy dust. Others could sit far back in cosmic time, where our current playbook for how galaxies grow gets stressed.


    The research was led by Liu Bangzheng “Tom” Sun and Haojing Yan in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at the University of Missouri (UM).

    JWST finds 300 bright objects

    The study sifted public JWST images across four deep fields and cataloged 300 very bright “dropouts,” then focused on 137 objects that also have mid infrared measurements, a combination that helps rule in or rule out distant candidates.

    Their modeling shows that most of these luminous dropouts are nearby in cosmic terms, likely at redshift z ≈ 1–4, while a nontrivial slice could be truly distant at z greater than 6, a mix that demands careful follow up.

    “These mysterious objects are candidate galaxies in the early universe, meaning they could be very early galaxies,” said Haojing Yan, co-author of the study.

    Redshift and early galaxies

    As light travels for billions of years, its wavelength stretches to the red end of the spectrum, a shift that pushes early galaxies out of optical reach and into the infrared.

    JWST’s Near Infrared Camera, NIRCam, is purpose built for that stretch to observe redshifts and sees from 0.6 to 5.0 microns.

    The Mid Infrared Instrument (MIRI) extends that reach to roughly 5 to 28 microns, giving astronomers an extra set of eyes that can be decisive when red colors come from dust instead of distance.

    The broader context is moving quickly. Spectroscopy with JWST has now been locked in galaxies beyond redshift 14, showing that luminous systems were present only about 290 million years after the Big Bang.

    “As the light from these early galaxies travels through space, it stretches into longer wavelengths, shifting from visible light into infrared,” said Yan, explaining redshift.

    High-redshift dropout technique

    The team used the “dropout technique,” which flags an abrupt loss of flux blueward of the Lyman break and a clear detection just redward of that break, a method pioneered in the 1990s and refined ever since.

    “It detects high-redshift galaxies by looking for objects that appear in redder wavelengths but vanish in bluer ones,” said Bangzheng “Tom” Sun, referring to the dropout signature tied to absorption by neutral hydrogen.

    Color cuts are only the start. The team estimated photometric redshifts using three independent spectral energy distribution fitting tools, including Le Phare and EAZY, to weigh high redshift solutions against dusty, lower redshift impostors.

    Spectroscopy remains the gold standard. It breaks a galaxy’s light into its component wavelengths and nails down spectroscopic redshift when emission lines are identified, which is why the authors call for more follow up.

    One extreme bright galaxy

    Among the sample sits a known source in the CEERS field at redshift z = 8.68, originally identified from ground based Keck data because its infrared color hinted at strong oxygen emission, then studied repeatedly with JWST.

    Later observations revealed active black hole signatures in the same redshift neighborhood, including broad H beta emission that points to an accreting nucleus embedded in a vigorously star forming host.

    That kind of source shows how a single, very bright object can be luminous for multiple reasons, from intense star formation to an active nucleus, and why mid infrared measurements help disentangle the power sources.

    Graphic showing the mysterious objects with very high redshift, possibly early galaxies in the universe, that the University of Missouri researchers identified in their study. Credit: JWST/Bangzheng “Tom” Sun/University of Missouri
    Graphic showing the mysterious objects with very high redshift, possibly early galaxies in the universe, that the University of Missouri researchers identified in their study. Click image to enlarge. Credit: JWST/Bangzheng “Tom” Sun/University of Missouri

    Early galaxies and high-redshift

    The headline is not that every bright dropout is ancient, but that some probably are, and the brightest of those could stress current models if confirmed.

    Theoretical work has shown that it is possible to reproduce many luminous early galaxies by dialing up star formation efficiency in massive halos at high density, yet the very brightest systems remain a challenge.

    “Even if only a few of these objects are confirmed to be in the early universe, they will force us to modify the existing theories of galaxy formation,” said Yan.

    Sun and Yan emphasize that spectroscopy will deliver the final word, since dusty galaxies at modest redshift can mimic the same colors that signal extreme distance.

    That caution is well placed, given how often the Lyman break can be confused with a strong Balmer break in redder, older systems.

    The study is published in The Astrophysical Journal.

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  • Sindh Governor, CM grieve, take notice of senior journalist Khawar Hussain’s mysterious death

    Sindh Governor, CM grieve, take notice of senior journalist Khawar Hussain’s mysterious death

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    KARACHI, Aug 17 (APP):Sindh Governor Mohammed Kamran Khan Tessori and Sindh Chief Minister Syed Murad Ali Shah have expressed their grief and sorrow over the mysterious death of Dawn News Karachi based senior journalist Khawar Hussain, who was found dead in his car on Hyderabad road in Sanghar.

    In their separate condolence messages, the Sindh Governor Kamran Khan Tessori expressed heartfelt condolences and sympathies to the bereaved family of late Khawar Hussain.

    He said, ‘Khawar Hussain’s murder is a great tragedy for journalism and society.’

    He directed the relevant institutions for a complete and transparent investigation into the murder.

    Tessori said, ‘The accused will be brought to justice.’

    Meanwhile, the Sindh chief minister while taking notice of the unnatural death of senior journalist Khawar Hussain in Sanghar, had sought a report from the IGP Police.

    The chief minister had directed the IG Police to hand over the investigation to the best police officer.

    The real cause of death should be found out through investigation, he said adding that the administration should provide full support and  cooperation to the beraved family.

    Provincial ministers, journalist community, friends and family members have also shocked over the incident and have prayed to Allah Almighty to rest the departed soul in eternal peace and grant courage to the bereaved family to bear this irreparable loss.

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  • Gold Prices May See Consolidation Next Week As Focus Shifts To Fed, US Data

    Gold Prices May See Consolidation Next Week As Focus Shifts To Fed, US Data

    Modi also stated that physical gold demand in Asia, usually a seasonal driver, remained subdued due to elevated prices.

    Investors are turning their focus on preliminary US PMI data and Fed Chair Powell’s upcoming speech at the Jackson Hole Symposium and the broader trajectory of Washington-Moscow discussions, he added.

    Overall, the near-term outlook for gold will hinge on how incoming data and central bank commentary shape market sentiment, analysts said.

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  • 5 Docker containers every student must deploy before going back to school

    5 Docker containers every student must deploy before going back to school

    Ever since I stepped foot in the world of self-hosting, Docker has been a constant companion that lets me deploy a bunch of containers to test things out in my home lab. There are several advantages to hosting services on your local server – especially if you’re a student. You can use free alternatives to paid services, say goodbye to subscription fees, and more importantly – store all your files and data locally on your machine, instead of uploading them to cloud servers. While these are generic upsides to deploying services via Docker, there are some specific containers that can help students in several ways.

    Most of these apps can improve workflows, help increase productivity, and make a student’s life easier at university. They are easy to deploy, require no prior knowledge or experience of coding, and can be deployed on any machine. Whether you have an old laptop lying around that you want to repurpose, or a Raspberry Pi from an older project – you can use them all. I’ve made sure to include containers that students pursuing any course can utilize.

    5

    Jupyter Notebook

    For all the engineers out there

    If you’re pursuing a degree in engineering – especially IT or anything to do with programming, AI, or Machine Learning – this is for you. Jupyter Notebook lets students create and share documents containing live code, visualizations, etc. The best part is that it supports several popular programming languages, such as Python, R, Julia, etc., so you’re not restricted in that sense.

    Whether you’re writing a piece of software or analyzing data, Jupyter Notebook can aid you with all of those tasks. A big advantage of a self-hosted solution like this is data privacy and the lack of a recurring fee. It’s also accessible offline, which is beneficial for students in areas with patchy networks. The way Jupyter Notebook works is that it combines code and visualizations in one place, making it easy for students to understand complex concepts. Notebooks can also be exported to popular formats to be shared with peers. It even integrates with Microsoft Excel for supercharged productivity!

    4

    Kanboard

    Organize your academics

    One of the biggest challenges students face is managing time. With multiple courses, internships, extracurricular activities, assignments, and projects, and, of course, some personal time — juggling all of this can get difficult — especially without a solid plan. A kanban-style board can help in this regard by letting you create actionable tasks for your daily activities. Create individual cards for each task, like Physics Assignment, Math Homework, Python Course, etc. Set deadlines for them, and when done, move the cards to the completed section. This will help you get an overview of your tasks and dedicate time accordingly.

    If you’re wondering where you can create and track these tasks — use Kanboard. If you’ve used Trello before, Kanboard is similar, but better. It has a simple UI, it’s completely free to use, and you can collaborate with multiple users — a feature that’s useful when you’re working with your peers on projects and assignments. Once you organize your academics using Kanboard, you will automatically see that your productivity has improved, and you’re more accountable.

    3

    Nextcloud

    Your personal storage and collaboration solution

    Screenshot of pictures in a Nextcloud folder shown inside File Explorer

    Most students use Google Drive to store and share files with peers. While that’s totally fine, there are two main flaws with Drive that may deter students from using it. For starters, the free version of Google Workspace only includes 15 GB of storage. Let’s be honest — that’s just not sufficient for most people in today’s day and age. If you want more storage, you will have to pay a subscription fee and upgrade to the next tier. Then, there’s the dicey privacy situation, since your data is being uploaded to Google’s servers.

    Nextcloud solves both these problems by letting you store files on your local server. You can then access these files from wherever you are. Apart from the fact that your files never leave your device, you won’t even have to pay a penny. Of course, you may need external drives to increase your local storage. But that’s a one-time expense. Apart from storing files, Nextcloud also offers a productivity suite that can replace Microsoft 365 or Google Docs. This makes it a must-have for students — regardless of the course they’re pursuing.

    2

    Paperless-ngx

    Digitize your notes

    A MacBook running Paperless-ngx with a document open

    Students who take physical notes either in a notebook or on an iPad — Paperless-ngx is an absolute no-brainer. It’s essentially an aggregator tool that lets you store all your notes in one place. But that’s not all. It uses OCR and ML to convert all your notes to a digital form. This way, you can search for your notes — something you can’t do with physical notes.

    You can even go one step further by integrating Paperless-ngx with a local LLM. While being able to search for your notes is already a big plus, additional features include segregating your notes into different categories, tagging them, etc. It’s almost like this service was designed specifically for students!

    1

    Kiwix

    Webpages accessible from anywhere

    Imagine if you had access to any online resource at any time, irrespective of whether you were connected to the internet or not? That’s exactly what Kiwix provides. It’s a knowledge aggregator that lets you store offline versions of online resources. This is extremely handy for students who don’t have access to the internet at all times.

    You can access every single page on Wikipedia offline, or quickly refer to the Python handbook for the right syntax. It’s like your personal library that can be accessed anytime, from anywhere.

    Create your digital playground

    The key to familiarizing yourself with Docker is playing around with the app and experimenting with different containers. There are some commands that beginners can learn after which they can deploy most containers with ease. Using Docker to self-host services is also a good way for students to learn about networking, servers, security, etc. Moreover, all the apps mentioned above provide a good mix of categories to experiment with. For instance, Nextcloud replaces OneDrive or Google Drive – or any other popular cloud service. Similarly, Kanboard is a good Trello alternative for planning your schedule. Hosting these services can also save you a fair bit of money.

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  • Unleashing the biological potential of marine algal extracts against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat beef products

    Unleashing the biological potential of marine algal extracts against Staphylococcus aureus isolated from ready-to-eat beef products

    Ready-to-eat (RTE) food is becoming increasingly popular among restaurants and street sellers worldwide, including in Egypt. Although RTE products offer the convenience of fast food, they also represent a risk of bacterial infection as they are not heated further. S. aureus cross-contamination of meat products is a leading cause of food poisoning globally37. The current research explored the ubiquitous distribution of S. aureus in the analyzed RTE beef products. In the current study, 30.7% of RTE-tested samples were positive for S. aureus. Similar findings were reported previously in Shaanxi Province, China (34.4%)37 and Libya (32%)38. In comparison, the obtained results are higher than those documented by other foodborne illness studies on RTE beef products that were 11.8% in China39 and 23.4% in Zagazig city, Egypt40. Otherwise, this result was lower than stated in beef products at Qalubeya Governorate, Egypt (50.8%)41.

    Certain restaurant staff members need to gain awareness of and adhere to hygienic protocols, particularly personal hygiene-related ones; others may partially or fully observe these protocols. The fact is that the majority of workers don’t wear aprons, gloves, or protective head covers. Rather, some employees eat, drink, and even smoke while they work. According to recent studies, luncheon samples eaten immediately without being heated had lower S. aureus levels than those (kofta, burger, and shawarma) previously39. In contrast, our results highlighted that the highest incidence of S. aureus among RTE beef products was in luncheon samples by 36.7% with a mean of 6.1 × 10 ± 0.4 × 10 CFU/g. This confirms inadequate sanitary practices at the time of luncheon preparation and processing.

    Moreover, Food handlers may be responsible for contaminated meat with S. aureus due to cross-contamination from their hands42. Our results agreed well with those of other studies in Egypt41,43. Furthermore, Morshdy et al.43 declared that S. aureus was more prevalent in Egypt’s kofta (90%), luncheon (50%), burger (75%), and shawarma (80%). These variations in meat microbiological quality can be attributed to factors such as cooking method (frying, roasting, or grilling), raw ingredient quality, meat size and shape, cooking utensils (stew container, grill, oven), and seasoning (dressings, vegetables, herbs, spices)44.

    The high frequency of S. aureus in beef products may be because certain employees follow hygiene procedures inside these restaurants, wiping down contact surfaces that are exposed to food, like tables, preparation boards, and utensils, using just a towel or some soap and water. On rare occasions, some continue to work while experiencing hand or respiratory problems like boils or coughing. Humans experience a wide range of diseases as a result of these conditions. Therefore, enhancing processing methods, monthly checks of workers and utensils for S. aureus, frequent disinfection of food contact surfaces, proper heating of beef products, and finally, strict personnel hygiene measures are all important to prevent the existence of S. aureus in RTE beef products42.

    The current study declared that 58.7% of the S. aureus isolates from the samples that were looked at had coagulase, 47.6% had nuc, and 13% had only seb amongst other S.E.s encoding genes. More than 13% of S. aureus confined from RTE beef products were affirmative for more than one virulence-associated gene (Table 2). Amplification of the coagulase gene proved to be a rapid and precise approach for typing S. aureus. All explored isolates of S. aureus produce the coagulase gene, a highly virulent component. Coagulase results in plasma coagulation in the host and is an identifying marker for S. aureus infection45. The existence of coagulase and nuc genes explored in this study is comparable with previous studies 45,46.

    Additionally, S.E.s are the most prominent virulence genes in S. aureus and the leading cause of staphylococcal food poisoning. The weak evidence of staphylococcal food poisoning outbreaks with the classical enterotoxins seb, sec, sed, and she can be identified commercially47. Although the Egyptian Organization for Specification and Quality Control48 requires that S.E.s not be detected in beef products, our study detected the seb gene in 13% of isolated S. aureus, which produces enterotoxins. In addition, Sallam et al. 49 identified sea, seb, and sec genes in all positive isolates. Wu et al.5 concluded that all S. aureus isolates had a minimum of one enterotoxin gene.

    The incidence of S.E. genes in a wide range of isolates underlines their vertical transmission potential rather than horizontal transmission, as most of these genes exist in mobile parts of the genome. S. aureus enterotoxin explored gene differs by country due to geographical variations and is further influenced by the isolated strains’ ecological sources (food, animals, and humans). Moreover, in Poland, sec; Bulgaria, sea; and Egypt, seb are the most common toxin genes 46,50,51. The isolates’ toxin gene profiles vary according to their origin, isolation samples, and geographical location.

    On the other hand, resistance to penicillin, cefoxitin, and oxacillin was significantly detected in the S. aureus isolates in this study. This finding aligns with Wu et al.5 and Abbasi et al.52, who documented an increase in β-Lactam resistance among S. aureus isolates. Also, strong resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics was reported in previous studies, except Abbasi et al.52, who reported lower resistance to kanamycin, tetracycline, and Chloramphenicol. Moreover, Komodromos et al.53 reported similar penicillin resistance and lower Sulfamethoxazole/Trimethoprim, ampicillin, cefoxitin, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol resistance. The study found that 50% of the isolates resisted cefoxitin and were considered MRSA. This study has also revealed that shawarma had the highest occurrence of MRSA isolates, accounting for 55.5% of the samples. Following closely behind were Kofta, burger, and Sausage, each with a frequency of 50%. In contrast to the global meta-analysis, which reported a detection rate of 3.2% for MRSA in beef products, the current study reveals a significantly higher prevalence of this bacterium54. The rate of MRSA isolation observed in this study also exceeds that reported by Mahros et al.42 and Song et al. 55. However, the frequency was lower than reported by Saber et al.40.

    In the current study, 15 out of 23 MRSA investigated were positive for the mecA gene, and 8 out of 23 MRSA did not show any presence of the mecA gene. These alternative mec genes, such as mecB or mecC, could be responsible for their methicillin resistance. According to Yang et al.39 and Abbasi et al.52, the prevalence of mecA was found in 6 and 32 MRSA strains, while Saber et al. 40 and Al-Amery et al. 56 amplified mecA in all MRSA strains. Furthermore, Vancomycin is the optimal therapeutic option for treating methicillin-resistant biofilm infections57. However, the World Health Organization has categorized vancomycin-resistant S. aureus (VRSA) as a “high priority” antibiotic-resistant pathogen due to its significant impact on public health. The percentage of VRSA found in our samples was higher than that found by Yang et al.39 and Al-Amery et al.56 in previously published studies. Notably, none of the isolates obtained by Wang et al.37 and Abbasi et al.52 exhibited vancomycin resistance. The varying levels of antimicrobial resistance observed across various studies may be attributed to the differences in opinions among veterinary physicians about which type of antimicrobial agents should be prescribed, the practicality of regulations that limit their use, and the pricing of such agents. These factors can significantly impact the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance within distinct geographical regions.

    Eleven distinct antimicrobial resistance profiles and 39 MDR isolates were revealed. The MDR isolates observed in our study exhibit higher levels when compared to the findings reported by Velasco et al.58, and Ou et al.59. Such variations in resistance profiles can have significant implications for the treatment and control of infections caused by this bacterium. The antimicrobial susceptibility evaluation has yielded results indicating a notable occurrence of resistance towards specific antimicrobials, with a range of resistance patterns identified among the isolates of S. aureus60. This can be attributed primarily to the extensive and inconsistent utilization of these agents, particularly in veterinary medicine, resulting in a significant increase in the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance. Moreover, the excessive application of disinfectants, self-treatment with antimicrobial agents, and the provision of single-dose therapies have all contributed to this issue. Hence, it is crucial to promptly adopt rigorous preventive strategies to restrict the transmission of antimicrobial resistance across all stages of food production60.

    Biofilm formation was a common characteristic among most strains of S. aureus. Our findings are consistent with previous research, highlighting the ability of S. aureus isolates from meat and meat products to form biofilms52,53. The production of biofilms by S. aureus and their simultaneous presence with saprophytic microorganisms within these biofilms undeniably gives rise to the establishment of persistent contamination reservoirs within food-processing facilities44. These findings are supported by Ou et al.59, as they revealed that food serves as an excellent adhesive medium and a reservoir for S. aureus because the common properties among food substrates, particularly their viscosity, play an overwhelmingly significant role in the successful colonization of S. aureus as compared to the differences in food surface properties and bacterial species.

    The role of the ica genes in forming biofilms by S. aureus strains has been extensively explored. It has been consistently observed that the majority of biofilm-producing S. aureus strains in the current study possess the icaA and icaD genes either separately or in combination, with the icaD being predominant, which disagrees with the study of Saber et al.40 where the icaA was the most prevalent demonstrates a significant correlation with the formation of biofilms. The results obtained in this study align with Tang et al.61, who found that 87.5% of S. aureus strains isolated from different food sources possessed the icaA and icaD genes. This indicates a consistent presence of these genes in S. aureus strains across various origins. Furthermore, Abbasi et al.52 detected icaA and icaD genes in biofilm-producing S. aureus obtained from raw meat and meat products (80.4% each). These findings emphasize the importance of the icaA and icaD genes in forming biofilms by S. aureus, which can affect food safety.

    In this study, isolates containing the icaD gene produced biofilms that ranged from moderate to strong. In contrast, isolates that expressed both icaA and icaD exhibited strong biofilm (p < 0.05). Mubarak and El-Zamkan62 confirmed these results. Contrarily, it has been ascertained that three isolates were identified to have solely the icaA gene and were linked with a weak biofilm phenotype. A study conducted by Gerke et al.63 explained the link between genotype and phenotype. They found that icaA alone had a weak N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase activity, but when icaD was co-transcribed with icaA, it had full activity. Biofilm is one of the useful tools used by S. aureus to resist antibiotics59, which illustrates the significant relationship between biofilm formation and MDR in this study.

    The study’s findings are quite alarming as they reveal that a significant number of MRSA strains (60.9%) are also VRSA, a major cause of concern. Moreover, 21.7% of these strains have developed resistance against both vancomycin and Linezolid. These results highlight the need for urgent action to address the escalating concern of antibiotic resistance and to find new ways to combat these pathogens. Also, this study reveals that all MRSA are MDR and biofilm producers, except three isolates, non-biofilm producers, while 14 out of 18 VRSA (77.8%) are biofilm producers. S. aureus biofilm-associated infections give rise to severe and potentially fatal diseases, including endocarditis, septic arthritis, cystic fibrosis, and recurrent infections in both human and animal communities64. This finding underscores the significant impact of MRSA as an opportunistic pathogen in nosocomial infections, as it demonstrates high levels of resistance to various antibiotics and possesses a wide range of virulence factors. What adds to the concern is that a considerable proportion of MRSA strains (60.9%) also exhibit resistance to vancomycin, a major cause of concern. Moreover, 35.7% of MRSA and VRSA strains resist Linezolid, which is crucial in MRSA treatment. Another problem is that 4 MRSA/VRSA isolates harbored the seb gene. Identifying beef products as a reservoir for virulence and antibiotic-resistant S. aureus highlights the pressing need for prompt intervention. These findings emphasize the urgency of taking action to mitigate the issue of antibiotic resistance and to discover alternative methods for combating these organisms.

    The 32.6% MRSA confirmation rate in ready-to-eat meat products represents a significant public health threat, particularly for vulnerable populations including hospitalized patients, immunocompromised individuals, and elderly consumers. The presence of virulent MRSA strains carrying both resistance (mecA) and virulence (nuc) genes in commonly consumed foods highlights the urgent need for integrated surveillance and control measures spanning the entire food-to-healthcare continuum9,11.

    Protecting human health from the harmful consequences of hostile S. aureus has become increasingly challenging. The chemical preservatives’ destructive effects on human health, microbial resistance, toxicity, susceptibility, and their limited application have upsurged the demand for potentially effective, safer, healthy, and natural antimicrobial agents with a unique force against pathogens, especially S. aureus12. Thus, the antibacterial activity of algal extracts can provide a crucial component of S. aureus infection remedy that traditional antibacterial agents cannot. In addition, they can be used as organic preservatives to safeguard healthier and safer food away from the risks and harmful side effects of ordinary chemical preservatives12. In the current study, three algal species (crude extracts), including H. opuntia, J. rubens, and C. racemosa, exerted strong bactericidal activity, dose-dependently, against S. aureus according to seaweed species and used solvent. Persuasive antibacterial activity was recognized for C. racemosa in methanol extract against S. aureus, resulting in a reduction of serious bacterial growth (Δabs 620) at a 1.5 mg/ml concentration. However, the concentrations of 1.5 mg/ml of J. rubens (ethyl acetate extract) and H. opuntia (acetone extract) showed much less bacterial growth reduction (Δabs 620) in S. aureus (Fig. 7).

    Diverse studies explored the antibacterial potential activities of marine seaweed, viz., J. rubens, H. opuntia, and C. racemosa. Different solvents, viz., petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform, methanol, ethyl acetate, ethanol, hexane, and water, were practiced for algae extraction to explore the antimicrobial algal extract activity against bacterial cultures, including S. aureus12,65. C. racemosa (methanol extract) exhibits the strongest activity against the growth of MRSA (methicillin-resistant S. aureus) with the highest antimicrobial effect (97.7 ± 0.30%)58. Similar results were obtained by Chan et al.66, using the broth microdilution technique, where methanolic, hexane, acetone, chloroform, ethyl acetate, and ethanolic extracts of C. racemosa showed different activity against Gram-positive bacteria growth (S. aureus) with a 0.36 mm inhibition zone.

    Furthermore, the C. racemosa extract exhibits a dual mechanism of action against S. aureus, combining direct bactericidal effects with targeted virulence suppression. The profound inhibition of nuc and coa genes detected by RT-PCR analysis suggests the extract disrupts both immune evasion (via nuclease suppression) and clotting mechanisms (via coagulase reduction). While the log reduction demonstrates killing capacity, the virulence gene suppression occurs even at sub-lethal concentrations, potentially reducing selective pressure for resistance. This combined approach—simultaneously decreasing pathogen load and disabling virulence factors—may prove more effective than conventional antibiotics. Future studies should identify the active compounds responsible for these effects and evaluate their efficacy in animal infection models.

    Moreover, it was reported that C. racemosa exhibited promising antimicrobial activity against human and food pathogens67,68. The promising efficacy of the marine seaweed C. racemosa extract against the S. aureus pathogen could be due to the active metabolites, phytochemicals, and fatty acids as well as their derivatives65,66. The promising antibacterial effects of methanol extract of C. racemosa against S. aureus could be peculiarities to the most bountiful detected phytochemicals and bioactive compounds including spathulenol (1.29%), Cubenol (0.45%), 2-Cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl) (0.41%), trans-calamenene (0.3%).

    Additionally, in vitro data in previous literature showed that Spathulenol poses potent antimicrobial activities against diverse bacterial cultures, including S. aureus67. It has been declared that spathulenol has a major role in anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and antiproliferative activities, with non-toxic, non-mutagenic, and non-tumorigenic properties, and could be a potential antimicrobial drug69. Moreover, Cubenol and 2-Cyclohexen showed antibacterial activities against S. aureus with MICs ranging from 7.81  to 15.62 mg/ml. Moreover, a promising antifungal activity against filamentous fungi was detected, which could be utilized in wide-ranging applications to prevent microbial growth as drug molecules, cosmetics, and food 70.

    It is reasonable to assume that the detected compounds have potential antibacterial features and that extracts of the algae in which they are abundant have powerful antibiotic properties. The investigated algae species may be more efficient against pathogenic bacteria than typical bactericidal treatments. Hence, they may be regarded as natural preservatives, delivering nutritious and safe food through their stable, biologically active molecules without the adverse effects of chemicals. It also offers perspectives on discovering innovative antibacterial agents for food preservation or therapeutic applications.

    The observed antimicrobial activity of the algal extracts can be attributed to the presence of bioactive constituents, which have been previously reported for their antibacterial properties. For instance, spathulenol has demonstrated significant antimicrobial effects71, while cubenol has been shown to inhibit bacterial growth72. Similarly, 2-cyclohexen-1-one, 2-methyl-5-(1-methylethenyl)73 and trans-calamenene74 have also been documented for their antibacterial activities. These compounds likely contribute to the overall antimicrobial efficacy of the algal extracts by targeting bacterial cell membranes, disrupting enzymatic functions, or inducing oxidative stress. The presence of such bioactive constituents in the algal extracts underscores their potential as natural antimicrobial agents.

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  • Raphinha scores first goal of 2025/26 LaLiga season

    Raphinha scores first goal of 2025/26 LaLiga season

    Seven minutes. That’s all Raphinha needed to score the first goal for FC Barcelona in the 2025/26 LaLiga season. His header from an accurate cross by Lamine Yamal made it 0-1 at the Son Moix stadium in the gameweek one fixture of the domestic competition.

    The blaugrana number 11 made the first inroads towards a victory against Mallorca and Barça now have the first three points in the bag, while Raphinha joins the list of first blaugrana scorers in LaLiga.

    First scorers in past seasons

    A number of different players have scored the first goal for Barça in LaLiga in recent seasons. In 24/25, Lewandowski broke the deadlock against Valencia, while Pedri did the same against Cadiz the season before. Lewandowski was again first against Real Sociedad in the 22/23 season, while Piqué started the goalscoring in the 21/22 season, also against Real Sociedad.

    Looking further back, Ansu Fati scored the first goal in the 20/21 season against Villarreal, Griezmann in the 19/20 season against Betis, and it was Messi in the 18/19 season against Alaves. Seasons prior Sergi Roberto (17/18 vs Betis), Arda Turan (16/17 vs Betis), Luis Suárez (15/16 vs Athletic Club) and Alexis (13/14 vs Levante) all also left their mark as the first blaugrana scorers in LaLiga.

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  • Endovascular Management of Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms Using the Pipeline Flex Embolization Device With Shield Technology Under Single Antiplatelet Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review

    Endovascular Management of Traumatic Intracranial Aneurysms Using the Pipeline Flex Embolization Device With Shield Technology Under Single Antiplatelet Therapy: A Case Report and Literature Review


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  • Why the former editor of Polygon is making a podcast for old gamers

    Why the former editor of Polygon is making a podcast for old gamers

    In a recent episode of Post Games, host Chris Plante explores how video games can help players understand death. He’s interviewing Kaitlin Tremblay, who is working on Ambrosia Sky, a game about death.

    “What is it about games that is so useful for exploring the topic?” Plante asks.

    “I think there’s something really lovely about the way in which games invite players in,” Tremblay says. There is “something quite lovely about asking a person to cooperate and to be a part of the story, and to move through the space.”

    It’s a tone, and a substance of conversation, unlike any I’ve heard on a gaming podcast before. And it underscores what’s so unique about Post Games — and how it might stand out from other gaming media, by acting a lot more like a slower and more cerebral NPR show.

    Within weeks of leaving Polygon, where he was the editor-in-chief, Plante started Post Games, which he describes as “a weekly podcast about how and why we love video games.” He’s targeting an older demographic and models Post Games after an NPR-like format with tightly-edited segments and weekly episodes that last for about an hour. And he’s asking fans for support via Patreon to help keep it going.

    “Practically everything in games media targets young people”

    Many other video game podcasts are “almost entirely for people under the age of 30 who can afford to listen to multiple shows that are four hours long this week,” Plante tells The Verge. “Practically everything in games media targets young people — both because it’s being produced by young people and because it’s the demographic sales teams believe they have the best shot at selling.” But players over 35, he says, have “very different interests and expectations.” There are a lot of people that fall in that category, with the Entertainment Software Association reporting that more than half of the 205.1 million Americans playing video games are older than 35.

    “It’s really basic supply and demand shit,” he says. “And yet very few places want to meet this demand. The publications older audiences turn to for information — newspapers, magazines, and audio — have given gaming culture scraps at best, and worst, ignored it entirely.”

    Before I go any further, I should make a few disclosures. Plante, until May, was the editor-in-chief of Polygon, formerly The Verge’s sister site dedicated to gaming and entertainment. He was a co-founder of Polygon when it launched in 2012, and he later worked at The Verge from September 2014 to July 2017. I never worked with him directly, but I met Plante for the first time in person earlier this year over dinner at the Game Developers Conference.

    This is all to say that when Vox Media announced on May 1st that it sold Polygon to Game Rant owner Valnet, and Plante said that he wouldn’t be part of the site moving forward, I was bummed for him. But by the end of the month, he had published the first episode of Post Games, and he’s posted a new episode every week since. It’s a great podcast.

    Each episode is about an hour long and split into three acts. Much of the show revolves around interviews on a certain topic, and a third act features Plante discussing the news of the week. But the broader topics of the episodes don’t always align with the current big thing in gaming.

    The first episode was about the history of the Independent Games Festival’s Seamus McNally Grand Prize, for example. The second was about sexy games. When the episodes do tackle topics of the moment, Plante tries to put his own spin on things; when Death Stranding 2: On the Beach came out, Plante scored a rare interview with YouTuber videogamedunkey, who initially hated the first Death Stranding but revisited it two years later.

    Image: Kojima Productions

    The show is available for free with ads, but people who pay a $5 per month subscription on Patreon get early access to ad-free episodes with a bonus segment and access to an exclusive video every month. While planning out what Post Games would be “my logic was, if I wasn’t willing to spend $5 on it, then why would anybody else?” Plante says. The show just hit 1,000 paid subscribers, and even if things flatten from there, “that would be enough to cover my family’s health insurance.” If the show gets 2,000 by the end of the year, “I’ll feel confident about this being my future.”

    Game journalists who leave or were laid off from traditional gaming publications are increasingly doing their own thing, such as the worker-owned Aftermath from former Kotaku writers and Patrick Klepek’s parent-focused Crossplay Substack publication. And while publications everywhere are facing pressure from things like AI search engines and Google Zero, Plante argues there are a lot of audiences that are underserved by more traditional business models because of their reliance on scale.

    “As somebody in the media, you hear a lot about how great independent media is because of its benefits for the people who make the media, but I think there’s a larger conversation that needs to be had about the benefits that it has for the audience, for the readers,” Plante says. “I think if you focus on the readers and the audience, you will find more business opportunities for more independent creators or more just smaller funded creators.” He also says that if mainstream publications don’t want to serve the “humongous and growing audience” of older gamers, “I’m happy to.”

    Plante sees Post Games as his thing for the next long while. “My only dream for the future of the show is that I’m doing this in 10 years,” he says.

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  • The new ChatGPT has some AI fans rethinking when to expect ‘superintelligence’ – The Washington Post

    1. The new ChatGPT has some AI fans rethinking when to expect ‘superintelligence’  The Washington Post
    2. Women with AI ‘boyfriends’ mourn lost love after ‘cold’ ChatGPT upgrade  Al Jazeera
    3. Did the system update ruin your boyfriend? Love in a time of ChatGPT | Arwa Mahdawi  The Guardian
    4. Is AI hitting a wall?  Financial Times
    5. The latest ChatGPT is supposed to be ‘PhD level’ smart. It can’t even label a map  CNN

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  • Death of senior journalist being probed from ‘all possible angles’: Sanghar police official – Pakistan

    Death of senior journalist being probed from ‘all possible angles’: Sanghar police official – Pakistan

    The police on Sunday said that they were investigating the death of senior DawnNews TV reporter “from all possible angles,” hours after his body was found in Sindh’s Sanghar district.

    The senior journalist was found dead in his car, parked on Hyderabad Road in Sanghar, on Saturday night under what police termed “mysterious circumstances”. The body was found in the driving seat, with a gunshot wound to the head.

    Sanghar Senior Superintendent of Police (SSP) Abid Baloch told Dawn.com that police were investigating the death of DawnNewsTV reporter Khawar Hussain Bajwa from “all possible angles”.

    “The postmortem of the journalist was conducted in Sanghar’s Civil Hospital, and police are awaiting the provisional findings of the process,” he said.

    “Apparently, there is a single bullet wound from a 9mm pistol with an exit wound on the left side of the temple”, SSP Baloch said, adding that only one bullet casing was found.

    “We are not drawing any conclusion at this point and are looking at this case from all possible angles,” the SSP explained.

    According to Sanghar police, Hussain’s body had been kept in the cold storage facility at the Red Crescent hospital in Latifabad, as his parents are said to be arriving from the United States early on Monday morning.

    “Then the body will be taken to Sanghar, which is the ancestral home of the journalist, for burial,” the SSP said.

    Meanwhile, Sanghar police obtained a closed-circuit television (CCTV) camera recording of a restaurant, outside of which was the car in which his body was found.

    The SSP stated that a guard at the restaurant told police that he arrived at around 7pm for his duties, and Hussain arrived in his vehicle 45 minutes to an hour later.

    The guard told the police that the journalist had used the restaurant’s toilet and then sat back in the vehicle.

    “After some time when he didn’t place any order, the guard, out of curiosity, went towards the vehicle and reported back to the restaurant manager, telling him he noticed something unusual with a man sitting inside,” the SSP said.

    “Two waiters arrived to confirm the watchman’s statement and found out that blood was oozing from the right side of his [Hussain’s] temple, with a 9mm pistol in his right hand,” SSP Baloch added.

    According to the SSP, Hussain’s brother-in-law told police that he didn’t inform them about his Saturday arrival, although he asked them to hold an annual religious ritual as per the family’s tradition. Hussain neither told friends in Sanghar about his visit nor did he attend the ritual.

    “His sister confirmed that he had celebrated Eidul Azha with her on her insistence, after their parents shifted to the US this May,” the SSP said.

    Last night, Sindh Chief Minister Murad Ali Shah took notice of the incident and sought a report from the police chief, with instructions that the investigation be handed over to the best police officer.

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