Blog

  • 10 fun tours and adventures for the ultimate total solar eclipse 2026 experience

    10 fun tours and adventures for the ultimate total solar eclipse 2026 experience

    There is no better excuse to travel than to see a total solar eclipse, and the next one happens on Aug. 12, 2026. Although a total solar eclipse is an unforgettable experience, totality lasts only a few minutes. So what do you do before and after the eclipse?

    Boredom won’t be a problem for the 2026 total solar eclipse, with some truly spectacular locations and popular vacation areas in or close to the path of totality. From Greenland to Spain, there are myriad unique experiences and off-the-beaten-track itineraries that offer much more than nature’s greatest spectacle.

    Continue Reading

  • NTE Containment Test Begins, Showcases Updates and Improvements

    NTE Containment Test Begins, Showcases Updates and Improvements

    Free-to-play open-world RPG NTE recently launched its Containment Test, a closed beta that showcases the upgrades developer Hotta Studio has made since the game’s last technical test. There are improvements across the board, including better visuals, new mechanics, racing content, reworked combat, and more.

    NTE takes place in Hethereau, a sprawling metropolis that’s really more like two cities in one. On the surface, it’s a pristine urban center filled with people going about their daily lives. But the underworld is constantly warped by reality-defying anomalies, and you’re an unlicensed Anomaly Hunter tasked with investigating these strange occurrences and putting a stop to them.

    Hethereau itself has always been one of the game’s focal points, a city built in Unreal Engine 5 to allow seamless travel across its massive size. But the latest updates have taken things to another level, giving the city a comprehensive visual overhaul. There’s richer detail, updated aesthetics, and improvements to lighting and environmental effects.

    Light and shadows now show more contrast, which is especially apparent as you progress through the natural day/night cycle. You also can experience dynamic weather conditions — from fog to rain to snow — as you travel across the city, and snow effects in particular have been enhanced. Thanks to physically based rendering, snowflakes now look translucent and lifelike.

    Characters have also gotten a graphical makeover. The materials of their clothes and strands of their hair are now much more detailed, making each character pop even more in the anime-inspired art style.

    You’ll form a party of four characters during your anomaly-hunting missions, and each character has their own skills called Esper Abilities. You control one character at a time, but can switch between the four in your party on the fly to chain their Esper Abilities together and form combos that synergize well together.

    That experience has also been refined in the latest update, with actions, skills, and the overall feel of combat reworked for smoother gameplay. There are also new mechanics, like parry attacks and critical dodge counterattacks, that have been introduced to add more variety to combat.

    No matter which characters are in your party, you can make use of their Esper Abilities inside and outside of combat. Some help with traversal of the city, like allowing you to run up the sides of buildings and parkour to get around quickly. But that’s not the only way to travel through Hethereau. There are also ziplines that can help you find hidden corners of the city, and with the help of the character Mint from the Bureau of Anomaly Control, you can “requisition” cars.

    Buying and modding cars has always been part of NTE. There are lots of customization options — including colors, tires, bumpers, and engines — and you can mix and match until you have your ride just how you want it. There are dozens of different custom cars, and you can drive in first-person or third-person.

    Requisitioning cars is new in the latest update and can bring some consequences with it if you’re reckless. With Mint’s help, you can commandeer vehicles at any time across the city, which can help quickly get you from mission to mission if you don’t have an owned car easily at hand. However, be aware that if you damage the vehicle or disturb public safety, things can get out of hand fast. There’s a new multi-level wanted system with escalating consequences — police officers and bots will you pursue you and get increasingly aggressive the higher your wanted level rises. You can see this system in action in the video below.

    However you end up with your car, you can take it online and team up with friends to take on street racing crews across different districts in multiplayer races, another new addition in the latest update. Racing also includes drifting, but be careful when it’s raining or snowing — the roads will be slippery and handling will be worse.

    The Containment Test is running from now until July 16, after which Hotta Studio will take player feedback and address it in future updates. The full release of NTE will be available on PC, console, iOS, and Android, and it will be free-to-play with cross-progression across all platforms. Pre-registration is open now, and for the latest news and info, you can follow them on Twitter, Facebook, Instagram, TikTok, or Discord.


    Continue Reading

  • India’s Nupur makes final in Astana

    India’s Nupur makes final in Astana

    Meanwhile, Neeraj Phogat (65kg) and Anamika (51kg) saw their campaigns come to an end in the quarter-finals. Neeraj fought a close and spirited bout but went down 3-2 in a split decision.

    A total of 10 Indian boxers are in the semis and one in the final at the Kazakhstan boxing meet.

    The tournament in Astana is the second and last of two scheduled World Boxing Cup meets for the year.

    Back in April, India had won six medals at the previous World Boxing Cup leg in Brazil. The Indian women did not compete in Brazil on account of the national championships.

    Boxers accumulate ranking points through their performances at these two meets with the top pugilists qualifying for the World Boxing Cup Finals scheduled in New Delhi, India, in November.

    The Kazakhstan leg will run until July 7, with over 400 boxers from 31 countries, including Olympians, competing across 10 weight categories in both men’s and women’s divisions. India have sent a 20-member team.

    Continue Reading

  • Smaller asset managers shun the investment crowds

    Smaller asset managers shun the investment crowds

    Trillions of pounds worth of assets are managed by London’s listed investment houses. Their purpose is to deliver financial security for clients by growing and preserving the value of their capital.

    Larger managers, such as Legal & General, Aberdeen, M&G and Schroders, offer access to a wide range of asset classes and geographies, can handle the largest mandates and tend to focus on mainstream markets.

    Smaller players offer distinctive investment approaches and niche and specialist options for diversification, often catering to wealthy individuals with an appetite for impact investing or risk, or who carry tax burdens that are suitable for easing through venture capital trusts and enterprise investment schemes. These enable investors to earn tax breaks in return for providing capital to young British companies. 

    Among these smaller managers are Polar Capital, whose offering includes technology, scientific and financial funds. Foresight specialises in infrastructure and private equity opportunities that can help tackle climate change, and Liontrust with its range of funds focused on sustainability. A clue as to what makes Mercia Asset Management stand out is in the name of its range of VCTs: Northern.

    This manager steers clear of overfished London and south-east England, preferring to find opportunities in regional towns and cities — 80 per cent of its investment activity is outside south-east England — where it can identify and support high-growth, ambitious businesses on attractive valuations, and which meet its impact and socially responsible requirements. 

    Investing in niche areas and cutting-edge smaller companies is not without its risks, and while there is demand in the market for differentiation and diversification in terms of strategies and processes, good performance is essential to keeping fund flows and management fees coming in. 

    BUY: Mercia Asset Management (MERC)

    Inflows accelerated in the final quarter, writes Mark Robinson.

    Mercia Asset Management slipped back into the black at its March year-end, as the specialist asset manager increased its cash margin. Performance was aided by economies of scale, and evidenced by a 390 basis point rise in the adjusted margin to 22.1 per cent.

    It’s too early to judge whether this vindicates the “Mercia 27”, a 100 per cent growth target, as it was only outlined a year ago. But the scaling of the fund management business is under way, and it wouldn’t be fanciful to suggest that Mercia has already made strides to meet its Ebitda target of £10mn by full-year 2027.

    The group realised a fair-value loss of £300,000 in the period, against a £4.5mn gain in the previous year, though fair-value movements strengthened appreciably in regard to unrealised assets. In contrast to many industry peers, Mercia increased its third-party funds under management (FUM) by around 10 per cent on an organic basis to £1.8bn, with no redemptions recorded. Venture FUM rose by 1.6 per cent to £928mn.

    Meanwhile, the direct investment portfolio’s fair-value assessment stood at £126mn, against £117mn last time around. Management intends to offload about 70 per cent of these direct investments over the next couple of years, so exit activity is set to rise in the near term. Some mandates are moving into the realisation phase within its equity and debt funding businesses.

    The bulk of the inflows were recorded in the final quarter of its financial year. They reflected both existing mandates and new fund management contracts. The period also saw successful Venture Capital Trust and Enterprise Investment Scheme fundraisings. Given the timing, it is unlikely that the related impact of the inflows on revenues is fully reflected in these figures.

    Mercia’s ability to rejig its business focus is aided by an unencumbered balance sheet. And a number of funding rounds were completed following the period end. The group carries no debt and exited full-year 2025 with £39.3mn in net cash. This has underpinned a 5 per cent increase in the proposed final dividend, along with the commencement of an annual share buyback policy of up to £3.0mn.

    It’s a niche offering for investors: venture capital funding, private equity and debt finance to high-growth regional UK small and medium-sized enterprises. Consequently, sell-side coverage is limited, but Mercia trades on a 45 per cent discount to the consensus target price, and by 23 per cent to net assets, giving rise to a price/book ratio of 0.7 times. We maintain that Mercia is undervalued, or maybe unfairly overlooked.

    BUY: Currys (CURY)

    The electronics retailer’s turnaround strategy is paying off despite ongoing cost pressures, writes Valeria Martinez.

    Currys is showing why it was the right call to push back against Elliott Management’s takeover approach last year. The once-struggling retailer has turned a corner, with chief executive Alex Baldock’s turnaround plan starting to deliver. A sharp rise in free cash flow and profits has allowed the group to reinstate its dividend after a two-year break. 

    While the company is still dealing with cost pressures, from high inflation to rising national insurance contributions, it has done a decent job of managing them so far. Another £32mn in annual costs is expected from last year’s Autumn Budget, but Currys plans to offset this by cutting central costs and automating and offshoring parts of the business.

    Line chart of Share price, pence showing Mercia Asset Management

    Helpfully, demand has been resilient despite the wider economic backdrop. UK and Ireland like-for-like sales rose 4 per cent in the year to May 3, with operating profits up 8 per cent to £153mn. Margins held steady at 2.9 per cent.

    A growing focus for Currys is more profitable revenue streams, such as credit, repairs and connectivity services. These so-called “solution” sales rely less on one-off product purchases and tend to deliver better margins. Revenue from these areas rose 9 per cent to £814mn last year, and Panmure Liberum estimates they now make up 28 per cent of UK and Ireland revenue. 

    Net cash stood at £184mn at the year end, excluding leases and pensions. When accounting for a £103mn pension deficit, the net position is now £81mn, which Panmure Liberum analyst Wayne Brown said is £901mn better than six years ago. “The prospects for buybacks this year are very real,” he said, though they are likely to hinge on the outcome of the pension triennial review due later this year.

    The shares are up more than 70 per cent over the past year, yet still trade at just 11.4 times forward earnings. That’s well below their five-year average of 31.7 times.

    HOLD: Wynnstay (WYN)

    Firm farm gate prices underpin the agricultural supplier’s interims, writes Julian Hofmann.

    Good farm gate prices this year for all agricultural products has meant a decent profit harvest for suppliers to the industry. Feed and equipment supplier Wynnstay has reaped the benefit, reporting the same amount of profit in its first-half results as it managed for the whole of last year.

    The half-year results are typically the highest point in the company’s annual working capital cycle as it stockpiles products in advance of the spring planting season. This meant the company’s business segments in fact reflected the vagaries of the preceding season.

    Line chart of Share price, pence showing Wynnstay

    For instance, feed and grain revenue more than doubled to £900,000, but grain trading was down 13 per cent as the poor harvest in 2024 worked its way through the supply system. In the meantime, the company sold off its Twyford mill and has outsourced milling for its poultry feed.

    Arable profits tripled to £1.4mn on the back of better fertiliser prices and favourable spring planting conditions. Meanwhile, the company’s network of 51 stores generated a higher profit of £3.1mn with both footfall and margins remaining stable.

    The company is midway through project Genesis, which is its plan to simplify the business and improve returns on capital consistently across the group and to invest where supply is constrained — Wynnstay’s investment in a new fertiliser facility in Avonmouth is part of this strategy.

    Wynnstay’s shares have started to recover after a rocky couple of years. The price/earnings ratio of 13.6 for this year reflects its gradual reorganisation. However, until there is evidence of margin improvement, we remain cautious.

    Continue Reading

  • Directors’ Deals: Schulman boosts stake in Burberry – Financial Times

    Directors’ Deals: Schulman boosts stake in Burberry – Financial Times

    1. Directors’ Deals: Schulman boosts stake in Burberry  Financial Times
    2. Burberry Group plc (LON:BRBY) Insider Buys £317,963.36 in Stock  MarketBeat
    3. Burberry Executives Increase Stake in Company Shares  TipRanks
    4. Insider Buying: Burberry Group plc (LON:BRBY) Insider Purchases 3,228 Shares of Stock  MarketBeat
    5. Burberry and Trustpilot: Big director share deals this week  Investors’ Chronicle

    Continue Reading

  • Photo Report: Pitti Uomo Summer 2025

    Photo Report: Pitti Uomo Summer 2025

    Moon-phase watches, at anything but astronomical prices, made a rare appearance from recent Noah x Timex collabs to Longines. Solid steel APs seem to be the new tough guy timepiece, paired with chic Neapolitan summer styles or rough military vintage. Dress watches, dainty, particular, obscure, and esoteric, enjoy the popularity vintage Rolex watches once did. The variety is nearly infinite: Tiny Tanks, 50s-60s Omegas, Genta-hyped lesser-known Universal Geneve, and even modern options from small brands like Sericas.


    Continue Reading

  • Ben Mortimer on Polydor Label Group’s ‘hot streak’ including Lewis Capaldi, Sam Fender & Olivia Dean | Labels

    Ben Mortimer on Polydor Label Group’s ‘hot streak’ including Lewis Capaldi, Sam Fender & Olivia Dean | Labels

    Polydor Label Group is officially on a hot streak. 

    That’s the verdict from label group president Ben Mortimer, as the Universal Music company marks a run of success for artists new and established.

    The latest chart result for the label is the No.1 comeback for Lewis Capaldi (previously with EMI), who debuted at the singles summit with Survive on consumption of 68,414 units (including a whopping 25,415 physical copies).

    Following Capaldi’s surprise Glastonbury performance, his new partnership with Polydor has delivered his fastest-selling single to date as well as the biggest opening week for any single this year. In fact, Polydor has achieved both the biggest opening week of the year on the singles chart (Survive) and on the albums chart with Sam Fender’s People Watching, which opened with 107,124 units in February.

    Fender’s highest-selling week one album result (the only one to break 100,000 in a week so far) has yet to be surpassed. It also had the biggest vinyl sales of any release week and was the fastest-selling vinyl release by any British act this century.

    With consumption of 191,724 units so far, People Watching is the biggest-selling album released in 2025 and No.3 overall. The album was further boosted by Fender’s record-breaking stadium shows in London and Newcastle. He recently secured a Top 10 single with Rein Me In, which features PLG artist Olivia Dean.

    Richard O’Donovan, head of A&R, Polydor, said: “I couldn’t be more proud of everything Sam and the team have achieved here in the UK. It’s been such an exciting journey so far, and we’re now looking forward to taking Sam’s story to the rest of the world. There’s so much more to come, plenty of exciting plans in the works and new music on the way later this year.”

    We’re on an exhilarating run at Polydor Label Group

    Ben Mortimer

    Another returning artist, Olivia Dean, has reached a new peak this week with her latest single, Nice To Each Other, moving 18-15 (22,608 units – up 4.2% week-on-week). Dean, who is signed to Capitol (part of Polydor Label Group), has a simultaneous Top 20 single with Sam Fender collaboration Rein Me In at No.12 (26,001 units in the past week). 

    Dean has also made her first appearance in the Spotify Global chart. Her second album, The Art of Loving, lands on September 26.

    Capitol’s Sammy Virji is also breaking new ground, with his latest single Cops & Robbers (featuring Skepta) becoming his first Top 40 single. Virji’s global rise includes headlining at the 13,000-capacity Forest Hills Stadium in Brooklyn last month, as well as immediately selling out a show at Manchester’s Warehouse Project in October this year.

    Jo Charrington, president, Capitol UK, said: “This is an immensely exciting time for Capitol. The rise of Olivia and Sammy from different worlds but both with huge global momentum is testament to the talent and drive from the artists and their teams. With albums coming from each artist later this year, we are very ambitious about the heights they can reach.”

    PLG’s dance label imprint Chaos is thriving, too, with a catalogue of over 1.5 billion streams in just over two years since inception. Music Week reported on the launch of Chaos at the time.

    Chaos has made an impact with two Top 5 singles, a Top 10 album, a nomination for Best Label at the Radio 1 Dance Awards 2024, two BRIT Award nominations and four artists featured across the Glastonbury 2025 line-up. 

    Chrystal’s The Days charted on the US Hot 100 and broke into the Global Spotify Top 50, and is the seventh biggest-selling song of 2025 in the UK. Meanwhile, the collaboration between Jazzy and Rossi, High On Me, has secured a new peak of No.28 (13,909 units – up 15.6% week-on-week).

    This is an immensely exciting time for Capitol

    Jo Charrington

    Across the label’s international roster, Olivia Rodrigo closed Glastonbury Festival and has seen a 60.2% consumption boost for current album, Guts, which has moved 24-8 (6,374 units). It has consumption to date of 601,278. There was a similar gain for debut album, Sour, (up 48.1%), which climbed 25-11 (5,849 units). Sour has consumption to date of 1,155,725.

    Doechii and Gracie Abrams both had significant breakout performances at the festival too. 

    Meanwhile, Sabrina Carpenter has spent two weeks at No.1 with new single Manchild, and her Short N’ Sweet album stands as the UK’s top-selling album of the year to date (728,884 sales to date) . 

    As it secures 45 consecutive weeks in the Top 5, Short N’ Sweet breaks a chart record with the longest Top 5 run ever for a solo artist.

    Polydor-signed Lana Del Rey is also set for a consumption boost. She is currently on a stadium tour, including sold-out concerts at Wembley Stadium (July 3-4). While the chart impact of those will be seen in the next week, the Born To Die album has already had a 10.3% week-on-week consumption increase, climbing six places to No.32.

    Ben Mortimer, president, Polydor Label Group, said: “We’re on an exhilarating run at Polydor Label Group. We have domestic success stories from across the group, in multiple genres, and from brilliant artists at all stages of their careers. This isn’t a case of one week at No.1, then done. This is real, sticky artist development in action. Plus, our international roster continues to go from strength to strength. PLG is on a hot streak, and, thankfully, it feels like just the start.”

    PHOTO: Hannah Daisy Braid

     

    Continue Reading

  • Stock Futures Slide as Tariff Deadline Draws Near: Markets Wrap

    Stock Futures Slide as Tariff Deadline Draws Near: Markets Wrap

    (Bloomberg) — US stock futures retreated Friday as American trade partners pushed for concessions ahead of a July 9 deadline to finalize trade deals with the Trump administration.

    Contracts for the US benchmark fell 0.6% after the gauge ended the trading week at a fresh all-time high. US President Donald Trump dialed up trade tensions after Thursday’s close, warning partners he may start setting levies of as much as 70% unilaterally as soon as today.

    With less than a week to go before the deadline, European Union carmakers and capitals were pushing for an agreement that would allow for tariff relief in return for increasing US investments, Bloomberg News reported. Meanwhile, a draft US-Swiss trade accord contained assurances about tariffs on pharma exports, according to people familiar with the matter.

    Europe’s Stoxx 600 closed 0.5% lower, recovering from a steeper intraday decline. Gold rose 0.3% as investors sought havens. The dollar dipped. US stock and Treasury markets were closed for the July 4 holiday.

    Equity markets have rallied sharply since April’s tariff-driven volatility, partly fueled by the ongoing strength of the US economy. Still, some investor caution lingers as the trade war continues to cloud the outlook for inflation and corporate profitability.

    “There’s a little bit of doubt creeping in, especially after the bump up this week,” said Neil Wilson, investor strategist at Saxo UK. “Today’s a good day to take a little bit of risk off. But I don’t think there’s a fundamental shift, it’s all on the margins at the moment.”

    What Markets Live Strategists Say:

    “It would take a shocking set of trade outcomes to overwhelm the slew of good news we’ve recently had. All the more so, given that the bullishness of institutional investors has been tempered by constant threats, leaving them relatively underexposed to a market at record highs.”

    — Mark Cudmore, Markets Live Executive Editor

    The S&P 500’s surge has put it on the verge of triggering a sell signal, according to Michael Hartnett of Bank of America Corp.

    The strategist advised that investors consider trimming their holdings once the index climbs beyond 6,300, a level just 0.3% above where it closed on Thursday. He also reiterated that bubble risks are mounting into the summer, especially following the House’s approval of a $3.4 trillion fiscal package featuring tax cuts.

    “Overbought markets can stay overbought as greed is harder to conquer than fear,” Hartnett wrote in a note.

    UK gilts resumed their slide after a selloff on Wednesday that was driven by fiscal concerns. The yield on 10-year UK government debt advanced two basis points to 4.56%, compared with 4.45% at the close on Tuesday. The pound was flat.

    In signs of diplomatic and trade tensions escalating between China and the EU, Beijing said it intends to cancel part of a two-day summit with EU leaders planned for later this month. China also imposed anti-dumping duties on European brandy for five years, while exempting major cognac makers that meet a price commitment.

    In commodities, oil dropped in the lead-up to an OPEC+ meeting that’s set to deliver another oversized production hike, threatening to swell a glut forecast for later this year.

    Corporate Highlights:

    • President Donald Trump’s administration plans to restrict shipments of AI chips from the likes of Nvidia Corp. to Malaysia and Thailand, part of an effort to crack down on suspected semiconductor smuggling into China.
    • India’s regulator has temporarily barred Jane Street Group LLC from accessing the local securities market, dealing a severe hit to the US firm that allegedly made $4.3 billion in trading gains in the South Asian nation in less than two years.
    • French train maker Alstom SA has won a €2 billion ($2.4 billion) order from New York’s Metropolitan Transportation Authority, which is in the process of modernizing its fleet.
    • Frasers Group Plc warned Hugo Boss AG it will vote against any dividends, as the British retailer owned by billionaire Mike Ashley exerts its influence after years of building a stake in the German fashion house.
    • Airlines across Europe have canceled hundreds of flights on the second day of an air traffic controllers’ strike in France that’s causing chaos just as the busiest travel season of the year gets underway.
    • Banco Sabadell SA has called two shareholders meetings as it seeks to approve an extraordinary dividend after agreeing to sell it’s UK unit — part of its broader attempt to block a takeover by larger rival BBVA SA.
    • Country Garden Holdings Co.’s sales slid again in June, with the developer faring worse than peers, as a lack of policy support dampened demand.

    Some of the main moves in markets:

    Stocks

    • S&P 500 futures fell 0.6% as of 2:08 p.m. New York time
    • Futures on the Dow Jones Industrial Average fell 0.6%
    • The MSCI World Index was little changed
    • The MSCI Asia Pacific Index fell 0.3%
    • The MSCI Emerging Markets Index fell 0.5%
    • Ibovespa rose 0.4% to a record high
    • S&P/BMV IPC was little changed

    Currencies

    • The Bloomberg Dollar Spot Index fell 0.1%
    • The euro rose 0.2% to $1.1775
    • The British pound was little changed at $1.3649
    • The Japanese yen rose 0.3% to 144.50 per dollar
    • The offshore yuan was little changed at 7.1658 per dollar
    • The Mexican peso was little changed at 18.6343

    Cryptocurrencies

    • Bitcoin slipped 1.9%, more than any closing loss since June 22
    • Ether slipped 4.1%, more than any closing loss since June 22

    Bonds

    • The yield on 10-year Treasuries was little changed at 4.35%
    • Germany’s 10-year yield was little changed at 2.61%
    • Britain’s 10-year yield advanced one basis point to 4.55%

    Commodities

    • West Texas Intermediate crude fell 0.7%, more than any closing loss since June 24
    • Spot gold rose 0.3% to $3,337.39 an ounce

    This story was produced with the assistance of Bloomberg Automation.

    –With assistance from Sebastian Boyd.

    ©2025 Bloomberg L.P.

    Continue Reading

  • Samsung HW-Q990F review: Samsung’s Dolby Atmos-in-a-box system returns, with a serious boost to bass

    Samsung HW-Q990F review: Samsung’s Dolby Atmos-in-a-box system returns, with a serious boost to bass

    Why you can trust What Hi-Fi?


    Our expert team reviews products in dedicated test rooms, to help you make the best choice for your budget. Find out more about how we test.

    Home cinema speaker systems are our preferred method of achieving immersive cinematic sound. We’re willing to admit, though, that they are, frankly speaking, a bit of a hassle to set up and live with.

    We wouldn’t blame anyone for not wanting to traipse cables around their living room, or have floorstanding speakers take up precious space – so what’s the alternative?

    Continue Reading

  • Probing The Variations Of Interstellar Dust Abundance And Properties Within And Between Galaxies With HWO UV Spectroscopy In The Local Volume

    Probing The Variations Of Interstellar Dust Abundance And Properties Within And Between Galaxies With HWO UV Spectroscopy In The Local Volume

    (From Lorenzo et al. (2022)) RGB composite image of Sextans A made with Hα (red) and V bands (green) from Massey et al. (2007), and GALEX FUV (blue). The LITTLE THINGS neutral hydrogen map (Hunter et al. 2012) is overlaid in white. OB stars catalogued in Lorenzo et al. (2022) are color-coded according to their spectral type and with different symbols based on their luminosity class. The LUMOS field-of-view is overlaid. In 100h, HWO could obtained FUV and NUV spectra of most of the stars shown in this image with S/N > 20. — astro-ph.GA

    The cycle of metals between the gas and the dust phases in the neutral interstellar medium (ISM) is an integral part of the baryon cycle in galaxies.

    The resulting variations in the abundance and properties of interstellar dust have important implications for how accurately we can trace the chemical enrichment of the universe over cosmic time.

    Multi-object UV spectroscopy with HWO can provide the large samples of abundance and dust depletion measurements needed to understand how the abundance and properties of interstellar dust vary within and between galaxies, thereby observationally addressing important questions about chemical enrichment and galaxy evolution.

    Medium-resolution (R~50,000) spectroscopy in the full UV range (950-3150 A) toward massive stars in Local Volume galaxies (D < 10 Mpc) will enable gas- and dust-phase abundance measurements of key elements, such as Fe, Si, Mg, S, Zn. These measurements will provide an estimate of how the dust abundance varies with environment, in particular metallicity and gas density.

    However, measuring the carbon and oxygen contents of dust requires very high resolution (R > 100,000) and high signal-to-noise (S/N > 100) owing to the non-saturated UV transitions for those elements being extremely weak. Since carbon and oxygen in the neutral ISM contribute the largest metal mass reservoir for dust, it is critical that the HWO design include a grating similar to the HST STIS H gratings providing very high resolution, as well as FUV and NUV detectors capable of reaching very high S/N.

    Julia Roman-Duval, Yumi Choi, Mederic Boquien

    Comments: 12 pages; 6 figures; will be published in ASP conference proceedings of the HWO2025 conference
    Subjects: Astrophysics of Galaxies (astro-ph.GA)
    Cite as: arXiv:2507.00201 [astro-ph.GA] (or arXiv:2507.00201v1 [astro-ph.GA] for this version)
    https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2507.00201
    Focus to learn more
    Submission history
    From: Julia Roman-Duval
    [v1] Mon, 30 Jun 2025 19:10:27 UTC (663 KB)
    https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.00201
    Astrobiology

    Explorers Club Fellow, ex-NASA Space Station Payload manager/space biologist, Away Teams, Journalist, Lapsed climber, Synaesthete, Na’Vi-Jedi-Freman-Buddhist-mix, ASL, Devon Island and Everest Base Camp veteran, (he/him) 🖖🏻

    Continue Reading