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  • Pakistan Army chief's nuclear threat 'stupid and irresponsible,' says EFSAS Director Junaid Qureshi – ANI News

    1. Pakistan Army chief’s nuclear threat ‘stupid and irresponsible,’ says EFSAS Director Junaid Qureshi  ANI News
    2. Foreign Office slams India’s MEA for ‘twisting’ COAS Asim Munir’s remarks  Dawn
    3. India decries ‘sabre rattling’ after Pakistan army chief’s reported nuclear remarks  Reuters
    4. “Osama Bin Laden In Suit”: Ex-Pentagon Official On Pakistan’s Asim Munir  NDTV
    5. Pakistan Rejects Indian MEA’s Remarks on COAS  ptv.com.pk

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  • South Africa’s Dewald Brevis blasts 41-ball century to level T20 series against Australia | Australia cricket team

    South Africa’s Dewald Brevis blasts 41-ball century to level T20 series against Australia | Australia cricket team

    Dewald Brevis lit up Darwin’s Marrara Oval with a blazing century to help South Africa to an imposing 53-run victory over Australia in the second Twenty20 match.

    The 22-year-old Brevis scored an unbeaten 125 from 56 balls with 12 fours and eight sixes, propelling South Africa to 7-218 before Australia struggled to 165 in front of another noisy near-capacity crowd on Tuesday night.

    South Africa’s victory levelled the three-match series at one-all and ended Australia’s record nine-game winning streak. The deciding match will be played in Cairns on Saturday before a three-match one-day series between the teams in Cairns and Mackay.

    Brevis brought up his century in 41 balls, the second fastest in South African T20 history. It was his first international hundred, having passed 50 once in two Tests and registered a top score of 41 in eight Twenty20 internationals.

    He unleashed a series of bold strokes, dominating a partnership of 126 in 9.3 overs with the subdued Tristan Stubbs, who scored 31 in 22 balls as the anchorman. Their 100-run stand came up in 44 balls, with Stubbs contributing 16.

    Brevis was given a life on 56 when substitute fielder Matt Kuhnemann misjudged a catch at long on which went over the boundary. Brevis had already hit Glenn Maxwell for successive sixes and hit another after the drop in an over which cost 24.

    South Africa’s performance was a marked contrast to Sunday’s opening match when they failed to chase down Australia’s under-par 178. The visitors finished on 9-161 to lose by 17 runs and Brevis made two.

    For the second time in the series most of Australia’s batsmen underperformed, although Tim David was the exception again.

    He followed his 52-ball 83 in the first game, which propped up Australia’s innings, with a 24-ball 50 on Tuesday, despite being forced from the field earlier in the match holding his right shoulder after unsuccessfully diving to stop a boundary.

    The next best score was Alex Carey’s 26 from 18 balls batting at No. 7. Carey was flown into Darwin as a late replacement for wicketkeeper Josh Inglis, who was suffering flu-like symptoms.

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    Mitch Owen had another difficult night, again unable to repeat the big-hitting heroics he produced during Australia’s 5-0 T20 clean sweep of the West Indies last month.

    After almost being bowled first ball with a yorker he was struck in the grill by a short ball from South Africa spearhead Kagiso Rabada.

    On six Owen was bowled swinging at seamer Corbin Bosch. The zing stumps lit up but the bails stayed on. They came off a short time later when he was bowled by Kwena Maphaka for eight from 13 balls attempting another unsuccessful slog.

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  • Scientists detect virus traces in blood that may unlock long COVID’s mystery

    Scientists detect virus traces in blood that may unlock long COVID’s mystery

    Researchers from the Translational Genomics Research Institute (TGen), part of City of Hope, and the Lundquist Institute for Biomedical Innovation at Harbor-UCLA Medical Center have identified a potential biomarker for long COVID.

    If the findings of their study are confirmed by other research centers, the biomarker could be the first specific and quantifiable indicator for confirming long COVID. Currently, clinicians confer a diagnosis of long COVID based upon a collection of symptoms that patients develop after SARS-CoV-2 infection.

    “If a patient arrives in clinic and they relate the persistence of typical signs and symptoms of long COVID, 12 weeks or more after COVID -19 infection, I give them a presumptive diagnosis, but I don’t have any blood tests or biomarkers to confirm this diagnosis,” said William Stringer, M.D., a Lundquist Institute investigator and senior author on the study.

    The study results, reported in the journal Infection, detail the detection of SARS-CoV-2 protein fragments within extracellular vesicles (EVs) — tiny, naturally occurring packages that help cells share proteins, metabolites, and other materials. The researchers collected and analyzed blood samples from 14 patients over 12 weeks of aerobic exercise training (56 samples in all) in a clinical trial led by Stringer in long COVID.

    The researchers found 65 distinct protein fragments from SARS-CoV-2 inside the EVs. These fragments come from the virus’s Pp1ab protein, an RNA Replicase enzyme which is key to how the virus copies itself and makes other viral particles. This protein is found uniquely in SARS-CoV-2, and not in uninfected human cells, noted Asghar Abbasi, Ph.D., a Lundquist Institute investigator and first author of the study.

    Significantly, the researchers found that these viral peptides were demonstrated in each subject, but not each blood draw, in the EVs of Long COVID patients and were not detected in a separate control group of pre-pandemic EV samples.

    These findings add to growing evidence that suggests that SARS-CoV-2 may persist in certain body tissues long after the initial infection. Some groups hypothesize these lingering viral reservoirs could play a role in Long COVID. How the virus reaches tissues without its usual entry points — such as the brain — remains an open question, and may be related to EV particles.

    “We thought that maybe if the virus is circulating or moving in the body, we should try to see if EVs are carrying those viral fragments,” Abbasi explained.

    This idea became part of an ongoing clinical trial led by Drs. Abbasi and Stringer, which was already studying EVs to see if they are linked to changes in immune function related to exercise and post-exertional malaise, a common symptom in these patients.

    “While promising, the molecular signal of the viral peptides within the study samples was observed to be subtle and not consistently detected at every blood collection time point,” said Patrick Pirrotte, Ph.D., associate professor at TGen, director of the Integrated Mass Spectrometry Shared Resource at TGen and City of Hope, and co-senior author of the study. “There’s still a lot to unpack that we don’t know at this point.”

    For instance, he added, the researchers don’t know if the exercise itself drives the expression of viral programs intracellularly, and then those viral programs result in proteins that are going to be shed, or if there is a permanent reservoir in those cells, and it’s just a matter of detecting it at a certain time point. Although the identified peptides originated from one of the virus’ largest proteins, the researchers did not detect other comparably large proteins indicative of active viral replication. It’s possible that the peptides contained in the EVs are just molecular “trash” leftover after the formation of new viral proteins.

    “We haven’t run [our tests] on people without long COVID symptoms who are currently, or who were, infected with COVID,” said Stringer. “This raises the question: is this just continuing to take out the trash from the COVID infected cell or is this really ongoing replication someplace? I think that’s the mechanistic issue that needs to be resolved in future studies.”

    The Pulmonary Education and Research Foundation (PERF) and the UCLA David Geffen School of Medicine (DGSoM)-Ventura County Community Foundation (VCCF) funded this research.

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  • A bullish appetite, cattle feed production is up: Grain market daily

    A bullish appetite, cattle feed production is up: Grain market daily

    AHDB released its full season (2024/25) usage data for animal feed production across GB last week. Overall, feed production across the industry was down (-1.4%). However, feed demand across the UK’s cattle sector rose notably (+5%) in the 2024/25 season compared to the five-year average.

    Both dairy and beef systems have seen increased feed use, albeit for slightly different reasons. Market prices, supply pressures, weather conditions, and cost structures have all contributed to this upward shift.

    Cattle feed production made up 31% of total feed production in 2024/25. As such, looking at the key factors driving demand is important for the cereals and oilseeds sector moving into this new marketing year.

    Dairy feed demand

    Usage of blends for dairy cows were up 8.2% against the five-year average at 864.1 Kt for 2024/25. While compound feeds grew at 1.6% over the same period.

    The milk-to-feed price ratio can be used to show how profitable it is to feed more concentrates by comparing milk value to feed cost. From July 2024 to May 2025, the milk-to-feed price ratio rose from 1.33, peaking at 1.53 in November 2024 before steadying at 1.46 in May 2025.

    Compared with the five-year average of around 1.22–1.26, this shows that in the 2024/25 season, stronger margins consistently favoured higher concentrate use to drive milk output.

    A persistently wet summer and autumn in 2024 for parts of the country, undermined grass growth and silage production across many UK regions, leading to earlier housing and increased supplementation between October and March; this was compounded by a historically dry spring in 2025, severely limiting grass development, further pushing feed usage higher.

    Beef feed demand

    Between July 2024 and June 2025, UK beef feed production increased on the year and above the five-year average, with the sharpest gains in all other cattle blends (+22%) and solid growth in all other cattle compounds (+4.8%).

    AHDB’s beef market outlook forecasts UK beef production in 2025 to fall by around 4%, driven by lower prime cattle and cow slaughter. Tighter supply this season has pushed deadweight prices to record levels, peaking above 700 p/kg in May, incentivising producers to feed intensively and aim for heavier carcass weights.

    The beef sector did not escape the weather either, the wet summer/autumn 2024 cut grazing and forage quality, prompting earlier housing, while a dry spring in 2025 kept feed demand high into summer.

    Higher-than-expected slaughter in 2024, along with increased dairy cow retention, have reduced cattle availability. Tight supplies, strong deadweight prices and cheaper feed have driven beef finishers to feed more and maximise weight gain, explaining some of the increase in feed production we have seen.

    Feed Prices

    AHDB data shows the average dairy concentrate cost in May 2025 was £296/t, £12 lower than a year earlier and slightly below the five-year average of about £304/t. Together, strong margins and moderated feed costs helped sustain elevated feed usage.

    At the same time, feed input costs eased, with UK November 2025 feed wheat futures falling to around £172/t (12 August 2025), compared with roughly £200/t at the same point last season, marking the lowest level for this stage in the harvest cycle in four years. Globally, cereal and oilseed futures have also declined sharply in 2024/25, driven by ample supplies and softer demand.

    What next?

    Overall, favourable margins, lower feed costs, and challenging weather pushed cattle feed demand well above recent norms in 2024/25. Looking ahead, if grain prices remain subdued and dairy and cattle prices stay firm, feed usage in both dairy and beef systems is likely to stay elevated. Mixed conditions in the forage season have left supplies tighter for some, which could keep reliance on purchased feed high into the next period.

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  • Accedo adds identity management to Accedo One

    Accedo adds identity management to Accedo One

    Global provider of video streaming software and services, Accedo, is launching an identity management functionality for its award-winning SaaS platform, Accedo One. The feature will be showcased at IBC 2025 in Amsterdam.

    With this new functionality, Accedo One is able to support user registration and authentication, something previously only possible through third party integrations. This makes it easier to manage these interactions within one platform.

    Markus Hejdenberg, CEO, Accedo One, commented: “Identity management is a critical building block for any video service. By bringing it natively into Accedo One, we are making it easier than ever for our customers to manage their subscribers, helping them to build, scale, and evolve their video services.”

    The upcoming subscription management suite will enable media companies to manage the full lifecycle of their subscribers within Accedo One, from sign-up to billing, retention, and churn management. Accedo One will continue to support integrations with leading external partners in the identity and subscription space, giving customers the freedom to choose the solution that best fits their strategy.

    Accedo is exhibiting at IBC 2025 from 12th to 15th September (booth 5.F80). To book a meeting or find out more, go to https://www.accedo.tv/event/ibc-2025.

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  • Here’s Why Meghan Markle & Prince Harry’s Netflix Deal Could Worry Royals, Says Expert

    Here’s Why Meghan Markle & Prince Harry’s Netflix Deal Could Worry Royals, Says Expert

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    Prince Harry and Meghan Markle may have a renewed Netflix deal, but it could reportedly worry the royals. Reports had previously alleged that the Sussexes’ deal with the streaming giant would end in September. Then, on Monday, news of an extension of its “creative partnership” with their media company, Archewell Productions, finally broke. An expert weighed in on their first-look “multi-year” deal with the platform, explaining why it could “concern” the royal family members.

    Royals may worry Netflix deal means more Prince Harry and Meghan Markle documentaries, says expert

    The Daily Express reported that Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s renewed Netflix deal could pose challenges for the royals. Expert Richard Fitzwilliams believes this update likely worries the royal family, as it means they might be doing more documentaries. This news might excite Harry and Markle’s fans, but the same doesn’t look like the case with the rest of their family. The duo’s first-look “multi-year” deal suggests that they would present ideas to the streaming giant first before taking them to other services.

    Fitzwilliams claimed that Harry and Markle will “welcome the new Netflix deal as far as it goes,” but for “far less than the original.” He thinks that their agreement “will concern the Royal Family as they don’t trust the Sussexes and they did it (a damaging series) before.” Furthermore, the expert dubbed it a “deplorable” move but alleged that “it would be very lucrative” for the couple. Highlighting their previous tell-all documentary, he also hoped that they wouldn’t plan “another such series.”

    The news of Prince Harry and Meghan Markle’s Netflix deal came on the heels of weeks-long speculation. Nevertheless, recent reports have alleged that the updated deal won’t pay them as much as the original $100 million contract. Moreover, the couple’s modest new deal will have different conditions from the previous agreement.

    The New York Post stated that Markle announced the latest partnership in a statement. Additionally, the Sussexes’ media company, Archewell Productions, announced that “With Love, Meghan” will air on Netflix later this month. A new holiday special titled “With Love, Meghan: Holiday Celebration” will then premiere during the holiday season in December.

    The post Here’s Why Meghan Markle & Prince Harry’s Netflix Deal Could Worry Royals, Says Expert appeared first on Reality Tea.

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  • PMD forecasts more rains, thundershowers across country from Aug 17 as monsoon activity intensifies – Pakistan

    PMD forecasts more rains, thundershowers across country from Aug 17 as monsoon activity intensifies – Pakistan

    The Pakistan Meteorological Department (PMD) on Tuesday forecast widespread rain, wind, and thundershowers in most parts of the country in the coming days, with monsoon activity expected to intensify from August 17.

    At least 312 people, including 142 children, have died and 740 others have been injured in flash floods and torrential rains that have battered several parts of Pakistan since late June, according to updated daily data from the National Disaster Management Authority (NDMA).

    The NDMA said the deluges, which began on June 26, have left a trail of devastation across the country. The dead include 113 men, 57 women and 142 children, while the injured include 243 children, 209 women and 288 men.

    In its latest weather advisory issued today, the Met Office said monsoon currents from the Arabian Sea were continuously penetrating the upper parts of Pakistan, while moist currents from the Bay of Bengal were likely to strengthen midweek.

    A westerly wave currently affecting the region was also expected to intensify from Aug 17.

    Under these conditions, rain-wind/thundershower with scattered heavy falls was expected in Islamabad, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, upper Punjab, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, and Gilgit-Baltistan from Aug 14 -17.

    The wet spell was expected to last from Aug 18-21 in many northern areas, including Neelum Valley, Muzaffarabad, Rawalakot, Poonch, and several districts of GB.

    From Aug 18-21, KP would witness widespread rains, with heavy to very heavy falls in districts such as Dir, Swat, Mansehra, Abbottabad, Peshawar and Mardan.

    Southern districts, including Bannu, Lakki Marwat, Waziristan, Tank, and Dera Ismail Khan, would also receive showers with occasional heavy spells.

    Punjab, including Islamabad/Rawalpindi, Murree, Galliyat, Lahore, Gujranwala, Sialkot, and Faisalabad, was likely to experience heavy rains from Aug 18-21, with scattered activity in southern districts.

    Parts of Balochistan, including Barkhan, Zhob, Khuzdar, Gwadar, and Panjgur, as well as several Sindh districts, including Karachi, Hyderabad, Sukkur, Larkana, and Tharparkar, were also expected to receive showers between Aug 18-22.

    The PMD warned that heavy rains may generate flash floods in local streams and nullahs of KP, Murree, Galliyat, northeast Punjab and AJK from Aug 15-21, and hill torrents in Dera Ghazi Khan and eastern Balochistan from Aug 18-21.

    Urban flooding was also expected in low-lying areas of Islamabad/Rawalpindi, Gujranwala, Lahore, Sialkot, Peshawar, and Nowshera during the same period.

    Landslides and mudslides might disrupt roads in hilly areas of KP, GB, Murree, Galliyat, and AJK, while heavy falls, windstorms, and lightning may damage weak structures such as rooftops, walls of mudhouses, electric poles, billboards, vehicles and solar panels.

    The public, travellers and tourists were advised to avoid unnecessary travel to vulnerable areas and remain updated about the latest weather conditions.

    All relevant authorities were urged to stay on high alert to prevent any untoward incidents.

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  • Man develops rare condition after ChatGPT query over stopping eating salt | ChatGPT

    Man develops rare condition after ChatGPT query over stopping eating salt | ChatGPT

    A US medical journal has warned against using ChatGPT for health information after a man developed a rare condition following an interaction with the chatbot about removing table salt from his diet.

    An article in the Annals of Internal Medicine reported a case in which a 60-year-old man developed bromism, also known as bromide toxicity, after consulting ChatGPT.

    The article described bromism as a “well-recognised” syndrome in the early 20th century that was thought to have contributed to almost one in 10 psychiatric admissions at the time.

    The patient told doctors that after reading about the negative effects of sodium chloride, or table salt, he consulted ChatGPT about eliminating chloride from his diet and started taking sodium bromide over a three-month period. This was despite reading that “chloride can be swapped with bromide, though likely for other purposes, such as cleaning”. Sodium bromide was used as a sedative in the early 20th century.

    The article’s authors, from the University of Washington in Seattle, said the case highlighted “how the use of artificial intelligence can potentially contribute to the development of preventable adverse health outcomes”.

    They added that because they could not access the patient’s ChatGPT conversation log, it was not possible to determine the advice the man had received.

    Nonetheless, when the authors consulted ChatGPT themselves about what chloride could be replaced with, the response also included bromide, did not provide a specific health warning and did not ask why the authors were seeking such information – “as we presume a medical professional would do”, they wrote.

    The authors warned that ChatGPT and other AI apps could ‘“generate scientific inaccuracies, lack the ability to critically discuss results, and ultimately fuel the spread of misinformation”.

    ChatGPT’s developer, OpenAI, has been approached for comment.

    The company announced an upgrade of the chatbot last week and claimed one of its biggest strengths was in health. It said ChatGPT – now powered by the GPT-5 model – would be better at answering health-related questions and would also be more proactive at “flagging potential concerns”, such as serious physical or mental illness. However, it stressed that the chatbot was not a replacement for professional help.

    The journal’s article, which was published last week before the launch of GPT-5, said the patient appeared to have used an earlier version of ChatGPT.

    While acknowledging that AI could be a bridge between scientists and the public, the article said the technology also carried the risk of promoting “decontextualised information” and that it was highly unlikely a medical professional would have suggested sodium bromide when a patient asked for a replacement for table salt.

    As a result, the authors said, doctors would need to consider the use of AI when checking where patients obtained their information.

    The authors said the bromism patient presented himself at a hospital and claimed his neighbour might be poisoning him. He also said he had multiple dietary restrictions. Despite being thirsty, he was noted as being paranoid about the water he was offered.

    He tried to escape the hospital within 24 hours of being admitted and, after being sectioned, was treated for psychosis. Once the patient stabilised, he reported having several other symptoms that indicated bromism, such as facial acne, excessive thirst and insomnia.

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  • Women’s Rugby World Cup: Ellie Kildunne wants to emulate Chloe Kelly impact

    Women’s Rugby World Cup: Ellie Kildunne wants to emulate Chloe Kelly impact

    Reigning world female player of the year Ellie Kildunne has said she intends to emulate Lionesses star Chloe Kelly by ensuring her name is printed on fans’ shirts following the Women’s Rugby World Cup.

    The Harlequins fullback is brimming with confidence ahead of her country’s quest for global glory on home soil and has taken inspiration from England’s footballers retaining their European Championship title.

    Arsenal forward Kelly played a starring role in England’s Euro 2025 triumph in Switzerland; propelling herself into the limelight by scoring the winning goal in the Euro 2022 final at Wembley.

    Kildunne is key to the Red Roses’ ambitions of lifting silverware at Twickenham next month and hopes the team can follow in the Lionesses’ footsteps by becoming household names and raising the profile of women’s sport.

    “Outside this pub, there are Chloe Kelly shirts being sold on the street,” Kildunne said.

    “That’s what the Euros have done for the Lionesses and the opportunity we’ve got with this World Cup is to have Kildunne shirts being sold on the side of the street; for young girls and boys to have posters of Emily Scarratt and Meg Jones on their walls and not just Jonny Wilkinson.

    “I’m inspired by the Lionesses and what they’ve done for women’s football and I hope for nothing less [for women’s rugby] than what they’ve been able to achieve so far.”

    England launch the World Cup on Aug. 22 against the United States in Sunderland and will also face Samoa and Australia in Pool A.

    The hosts go into the competition as the world’s top-ranked team, tournament favourites and having won the last seven Six Nations titles.

    After watching Sarina Wiegman’s Lionesses come from behind in each of their knockout matches this summer, Kildunne said she feels John Mitchell’s side may require similar resilience.

    “Their ability to keep on fighting and not giving up is something that inspires a lot of people,” she said.

    “As the Red Roses, it’s something we can take inspiration from because it’s not going to be straightforward, we’re going to have to put a lot of graft in.

    “I can’t go anywhere without someone talking about the Women’s World Cup or the Red Roses. We’re going to have to get used to it because it’s not going to slow down any time soon.”

    Kildunne cemented her status as a poster girl for the tournament by being crowned world player of the year following a standout 2024 which brought 14 tries in nine Tests.

    The 25-year-old said she is undaunted by the prospect of increased scrutiny.

    “It will add that target on to my back; I see it as pressure but I don’t think pressure is a bad thing,” she said.

    “I see pressure as as privilege and I definitely think it’s a good thing. I use the pressure to challenge myself to exceed people’s expectations and to rewrite what people may think I can do and take it to the next level.

    “I’m feeling strong and confident — the most confident I’ve ever felt — so I’m ready and raring to go.”

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    Kildunne was part of the England team beaten 34-31 by New Zealand in the 2022 World Cup final following an 18th-minute red card for teammate Lydia Thompson.

    “The disappointment and the heartbreak of the last World Cup reignited a flame inside me that I already thought was burning pretty bright,” she said.

    “We’ve learnt so much from that tournament and built so much in our culture that we’re in a completely different space.

    “It’s something that you can rewrite and that’s something that we’re very much focused on. It’s not a revenge story, we’re just rewriting.”

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  • 10 deadliest jellyfish on the planet, including one that can kill a human in minutes and another lethal creature that gives victims a sense of ‘impending doom’

    10 deadliest jellyfish on the planet, including one that can kill a human in minutes and another lethal creature that gives victims a sense of ‘impending doom’

    If you had to pick a sea creature that you didn’t want to get into the water with, jellyfish might be up there in your top picks, says Melissa Hobson. In every one of the world’s oceans, these gelatinous invertebrates drift through the water with their tentacles stretching behind them like a bride’s veil. 

    But if you happen to touch these dangling appendages, you might be in for a nasty surprise. Jellyfish tentacles can deliver a venomous sting – and they can still hurt you when they’re dead.

    There are over 2,000 different jellyfish species (that we know of) and most are harmless to humans. But which are the deadliest? Here are some of the jellies considered most dangerous to humans. 

    Deadliest jellyfish

    Australian box jellyfish

    (Chironex fleckeri)  

    There are around 50 different species of box jellyfish, which are sometimes known as ‘sea wasps’. Just eight of these are known to be able to kill humans. 

    The deadliest of all is the Australian box jellyfish (Chironex fleckeri), which is believed to be the most deadliest creature in the ocean. Its tentacles contain a toxin so potent that a severe sting can lead to painful lesions, headaches, anxiety, vomiting, breathlessness, a spike in blood pressure, a ‘sense of impending doom’ and even cardiac arrest. Death can come within five minutes. 

    The Irukandji jellyfish

    (Malo spp.)

    As we know from the teeny blue-ringed octopus, size isn’t everything when it comes to venom potency. This is also true of Irukandji jellyfish – species in the Malo genus that can be as small as one centimetre. But, like the box jelly, these tiny terrors can be deadly if you get on the wrong side of them.

    Their sting can cause Irukandji syndrome, which can be fatal. Symptoms include severe pain, cramping, headaches, high blood pressure, coughing, and vomiting. 

    Barnes’ jellyfish

     (Carukia barnesi)

    Known to cause Irukandji syndrome, this species is sometimes also referred to as an Irukandji jellyfish. It gets the name ‘Barnes’ from a scientist called Jack Barnes who discovered the link between this little critter (which is around the size of a peanut) and Irukandji syndrome. 

    He must have been very dedicated to his work as he solved the mystery by stinging himself, his son, and a lifeguard to see what happened. Unfortunately for them, he was right and they experienced Irukandji syndrome. Thankfully, after being rushed to hospital for treatment, all three survived. 

    Winged box jellyfish

    (Alatina alata)

    Winged box jellyfish are another species whose sting can cause cardiac arrest and prove fatal. When scientists studied the toxins in the sting, they found it contains a gene that can break down red blood cells. Yikes. 

    Four-handed box jellyfish

    (Chiropsalmus Quadrigatus)

    Found in tropical Pacific waters, this type of box jelly has a less severe sting than other box jellyfish species but it can leave scarring and can still be fatal in some instances. It is officially recorded as killing at least  three people off the coast of Japan. 

    Portuguese Man o’ War 

    (Physalia physalis

    Although people often call the Portuguese man of war a jellyfish, it’s actually a siphonophore. It is made up of a colony of thousands of organisms that work together as if they were one animal – some are responsible for feeding, some for reproduction, some for defence and some make up the ‘sail’ on top which helps the Man o’War travel across the ocean. 

    Stings are very painful and often have similar symptoms to those of a jellyfish. It’s rare for its sting to kill a human but it has happened. 

    Lion’s mane jellyfish 

    (Cyanea capillata)

    For many years, the lion’s mane jelly was thought to be the biggest jellyfish in the world because of an 1856 claim that a geologist caught one measuring 2.3 metres in diameter with 37-metre tentacles. Although many now believe this was an exaggeration, it’s still among the largest species of jelly.

    Named for its bushy red tentacles (it has over a thousand of them), which resemble a lion’s mane, this huge jellyfish can inflict a painful sting. If you touch them, expect inflammation and welts to develop on your skin. As well as the pain and swelling, symptoms can include headaches, nausea and muscle pain. 

    Despite what Sir Arthur Conan Doyle might have us believe (in the 59th Sherlock Holmes story, The Adventure of the Lion’s Mane, this jellyfish caused the death of a schoolteacher), fatalities from Lion’s mane stings are incredibly rare. If you do get on the wrong side of these trailing tentacles, it’s best to seek medical advice as soon as possible in case you have an allergic reaction. 

    Nomura’s jellyfish

     (Nemopilema nomurai)

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    With a giant bell measuring two metres in diameter, and tipping the scales at up to 200 kilograms, the Nomura’s jellyfish’s believed to be the largest and heaviest species of jellyfish.

    Its sting can also be incredibly dangerous, causing pain, swelling, shock and – sometimes – death. Researchers wanted to find out which of the toxins in its venom caused death so they caught some specimens, collected and separated the toxins and then tested each one on mice to see which would cause death (harsh). In the end, they realised that it was probably a combination of all the toxins together that had the lethal effect. 

    Sea nettle

    (Chrysaora quinquecirrha

    As the name suggests, a brush with a sea nettle might leave you with a painful souvenir. Although their sting is not deadly, unless you have an allergy, it can cause pain and irritation. 

    Upside-down jellyfish

    (Cassiopea sp.)

    The upside-down jellyfish is a curious creature that likes to rest upside down on the floor – hence its name. Although they are known to sting swimmers – and it can cause severe pain – they aren’t typically lethal. 

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