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  • Photos show Modi, Putin and Xi in a huddle

    Photos show Modi, Putin and Xi in a huddle

    TIANJIN, China (AP) — Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi was seen clasping Russian President Vladimir Putin’s hand with the gusto of an old friend, bursting into his trademark hearty laughter. Putin grinned and chuckled, while Chinese President Xi Jinping gave a measured smile as the three leaders huddled Monday.

    The trio, ringed by watchful interlocuters, chatted animatedly for a few seconds.

    This happened moments before the leaders lined up for a group photo during the Shanghai Cooperation Organization in northern China’s Tianjin.

    The summit represents an emerging challenge to U.S. global leadership. The security forum, originally seen as a foil to U.S. influence in Central Asia, has grown in size and influence over the years.

    Xi stressed Monday that countries should reject Cold War thinking, rival power blocs and bullying, and instead protect the U.N.-centered international system. He called for a world order with multiple power centers and a more just and balanced global governance system.


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  • Glow-based assay sheds light on disease-causing mutations

    Glow-based assay sheds light on disease-causing mutations

    Not every item at a crime scene is the key to solving the crime, and not every mutation in a protein causes disease. Distinguishing between benign variability and pathogenic mutations in a disease-associated protein is challenging. One approach is to determine whether the mutation causes structural changes in the protein, as this may indicate a change in its function.

    There are several methods to identify protein structure changes, each with its own strengths and limitations, including mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance, or NMR, and protein gels. While mass spectrometry and NMR can give very detailed molecular information, they are expensive and cumbersome. Protein gels are faster but provide less quantifiable results. A recent paper from Michael Wang’s lab at the University of Michigan, published in the Journal of Biological Chemistry, has added a new tool to the list that is quick and easy to perform and provides quantifiable results, suitable for high throughput screens when researchers just need to know if a protein structure is altered.

    Protein Databank

    Crystal structure of Notch3 in complex with an antibody Fab molecule.

    Wang and the first author, research specialist Naw May Pearl Cartee, demonstrated how their assay identifies structural changes by screening a range of mutations in the NOTCH3 protein. NOTCH3 is a membrane-bound receptor involved in maintaining smooth muscle, particularly in blood vessels. More than 200 NOTCH3 mutations have been associated with a rare genetic vascular disease, cerebral autosomal dominant arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts and leukoencephalopathy, or CADASIL, but only some of them are likely causal.

    CADASIL causes frequent strokes, migraines, mood disorders and dementia. It is characterized by progressive accumulation of deposits of NOTCH3 in the walls of small arteries, though it is unclear whether the deposits themselves, the disruption of NOTCH3 signaling or a combination is what drives the disease.

    To understand the effects of NOTCH3 mutations on protein structure and localization, Pearl redesigned a split-luciferase assay. The assay relies on a glowing luciferase molecule that has been split into two non-glowing parts. Cartee placed the luciferase pieces on opposite ends of NOTCH3, so the structure of the protein determines how close the luciferase pieces are, which in turn determines if they can glow. The amount of glow can be quantified as a readout for protein structure.

    The assay, combined with straightforward follow-up experiments, can also quantify secretion of proteins, as mutations can also affect protein trafficking. Using this workflow, the team characterized more than a dozen NOTCH3 mutations.

    Wang and Cartee’s work supported previous studies showing that mutations that change the number of cysteines from even to odd and alter disulfide bonds are the most disruptive to NOTCH3 structure. They also showed that adding mutations that bring the cysteine count back to an even number suppresses the detrimental effects, information which could lead to better diagnosis and treatments, especially if combined with more clinical data.

    The assay has one very big benefit that may make it appealing to other researchers: “This is an easy assay,” Pearl said, “You just transfect and the next day you change the media and let it go for a few hours.” The quick protocol makes it good for screening a high number of mutations.

    In addition, Wang explained that the assay is practical in two other ways: First, it isn’t binary, so it allows you to rank mutations by how damaging they are, rather than a yes or no.

    Second, correctly folded NOTCH3 holds the luciferase halves together, allowing glowing, while unfolded reduces glowing. Wang explained that this is ideal for high-throughput drug screening, since you’d be looking for a restoration of signal in the presence of a therapeutic structure-restoring compound, which is much less likely to occur through nonspecific effects. 

    The assay works particularly well in proteins like NOTCH3, where cysteine mutations play a big role. “It would be ideal if everybody working on a cysteine-related disease could use the assay,” Wang said. I’m hoping people can apply it.”

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  • Over a billion people living with mental health conditions – services require urgent scale-up

    Over a billion people living with mental health conditions – services require urgent scale-up

    More than 1 billion people are living with mental health disorders, according to new data released by the World Health Organization (WHO), with conditions such as anxiety and depression inflicting immense human and economic tolls. While many countries have bolstered their mental health policies and programmes, greater investment and action are needed globally to scale up services to protect and promote people’s mental health.

    Mental health conditions such as anxiety and depression are highly prevalent in all countries and communities, affecting people of all ages and income levels. They represent the second biggest reason for long-term disability, contributing to loss of healthy life. They drive up health-care costs for affected people and families while inflicting substantial economic losses on a global scale.

    The new findings published in two reports – World mental health today and Mental Health Atlas 2024 – highlight some areas of progress while exposing significant gaps in addressing mental health conditions worldwide. The reports serve as critical tools to inform national strategies and shape global dialogue ahead of the 2025 United Nations High-Level Meeting on noncommunicable diseases and promotion of mental health and well-being, taking place in New York on 25 September 2025.

    “Transforming mental health services is one of the most pressing public health challenges,” said Dr Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus, WHO Director-General. “Investing in mental health means investing in people, communities, and economies – an investment no country can afford to neglect. Every government and every leader has a responsibility to act with urgency and to ensure that mental health care is treated not as a privilege, but as a basic right for all.”

    Key data from World mental health today

    The report shows that while prevalence of mental health disorders can vary by sex, women are disproportionately impacted overall. Anxiety and depressive disorders are the most common types of mental health disorders among both men and women.

    Suicide remains a devastating outcome, claiming an estimated 727 000 lives in 2021 alone. It is a leading cause of death among young people across all countries and socioeconomic contexts. Despite global efforts, progress in reducing suicide mortality is too low to meet the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) of a one-third reduction in suicide rates by 2030. On the current trajectory, only a 12% reduction will be achieved by that deadline.

    The economic impact of mental health disorders is staggering. While health-care costs are substantial, the indirect costs – particularly in lost productivity – are far greater. Depression and anxiety alone cost the global economy an estimated US$ 1 trillion each year.

    These findings underscore the urgent need for sustained investment, stronger prioritization, and multi-sectoral collaboration to expand access to mental health care, reduce stigma, and tackle the root causes of mental health conditions.

    Key findings from the 2024 Mental Health Atlas

    Since 2020, countries have been making significant strides in strengthening their mental health policies and planning. Many have updated their policies, adopted rights-based approaches, and enhanced preparedness for mental health and psychosocial support during health emergencies.

    However, this momentum has not translated into legal reform. Fewer countries have adopted or enforced rights-based mental health legislation, and only 45% of countries evaluated laws in full compliance with international human rights standards.

    The report reveals a concerning stagnation in mental health investment. Median government spending on mental health remains at just 2% of total health budgets – unchanged since 2017. Disparities between countries are stark; while high-income countries spend up to US$ 65 per person on mental health, low-income countries spend as little as US$ 0.04. The global median number of mental health workers stands at 13 per 100 000 people, with extreme shortages in low- and middle-income countries.

    Reform and development of mental health services is progressing slowly. Fewer than 10% of countries have fully transitioned to community-based care models, with most countries still in the early stages of transition. Inpatient care continues to rely heavily on psychiatric hospitals, with nearly half of admissions occurring involuntarily and over 20% lasting longer than a year.

    Integration of mental health into primary care is advancing, with 71% of countries meeting at least three of five WHO criteria. However, data gaps remain; only 22 countries provided sufficient data to estimate service coverage for psychosis. In low-income countries fewer than 10% of affected individuals receive care, compared to over 50% in higher-income nations – highlighting an urgent need to expand access and strengthen service delivery.

    Encouragingly, most countries report having functional mental health promotion initiatives such as early childhood development, school-based mental health and suicide prevention programmes. Over 80% of countries now offer mental health and psychosocial support as part of emergency responses, up from 39% in 2020. Outpatient mental health services and telehealth are becoming more available, though access remains uneven.

    Global call to scale up action on mental health

    While there have been some encouraging developments, the latest data shows that countries remain far off track to achieve the targets set in WHO’s Comprehensive Mental Health Action Plan.

    WHO calls on governments and global partners to urgently intensify efforts toward systemic transformation of mental health systems worldwide. This includes:

    • equitable financing of mental health services;
    • legal and policy reform to uphold human rights;
    • sustained investment in the mental health workforce; and
    • expansion of community-based, person-centered care.

    Note for editors

    The World mental health today publication is a timely update to the data chapter of the 2022 World Mental Health Report: Transforming Mental Health for All. As mental health transformation continues to be needed worldwide, this latest release brings together the most up-to-date global data on the prevalence, burden, and economic cost of mental health conditions.

    The Mental Health Atlas survey assesses the state of mental health services and systems across the world. This latest edition compiles findings from 144 countries and provides the most comprehensive representation of the world’s response to the challenge of mental ill-health through implementation of mental health policies, legislation, financing, human resources, availability and utilization of services and data collection systems. This latest edition includes new sections on tele mental health and mental health and psychosocial support preparedness and response in emergencies, which reflect the changing landscape of mental health and associated data gaps or information needs. 

     

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  • Huawei unveils MatePad Mini ahead of launch, targets iPad Mini market · TechNode

    Huawei unveils MatePad Mini ahead of launch, targets iPad Mini market · TechNode

    Huawei on Monday unveiled the design of its first mini flagship tablet, the MatePad Mini, ahead of its official launch. Marketed with the slogan “Mini tablet, maxi phone,” the device features an 8.8-inch OLED display with a 2,560-by-1,600 resolution, a 144Hz high refresh rate, and eye-friendly soft light technology. Weighing just 255 grams and measuring 5.1 millimeters thick, it can be comfortably held in one hand, according to sources. Images of the device show an ultra-narrow bezel, full-screen design with an earpiece cutout at the top. All models support SIM card calling. The MatePad Mini is powered by the flagship Kirin 9020 chip, paired with a 6,400mAh battery and 5A high-speed network support. It will debut Sept. 4 alongside Huawei’s second-generation tri-fold smartphone, with a starting price of RMB 3,499 (about $490), directly targeting Apple’s iPad Mini market. [IThome, in Chinese]

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  • Australia Construction Growth Analysis Report 2025

    Australia Construction Growth Analysis Report 2025

    Company Logo

    Australia’s construction market, valued at USD 318.03 billion in 2024, is projected to grow at a CAGR of 3.20% to reach USD 435.78 billion by 2034. Drivers include urbanization, renewable energy investments, smart city development, and healthcare infrastructure expansion. Key trends: modular construction, sustainability, and smart technologies.

    Dublin, Sept. 02, 2025 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) — The “Australia Construction Market Size and Share Outlook – Forecast Trends and Growth Analysis Report (2025-2034)” report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com’s offering.

    The Australia construction market reached a value of nearly USD 318.03 Billion in 2024. The market is assessed to grow at a CAGR of 3.20% during the forecast period of 2025-2034 to attain a value of around USD 435.78 Billion by 2034. The market growth can be attributed to rapid urbanisation, increasing investments in renewable energy infrastructure, the rising prevalence of natural disasters, the surging development of smart cities, and the expansion of healthcare infrastructure.

    Rapid urbanisation, especially in cities like Melbourne, Perth, Brisbane, and Sydney, is surging the necessity for apartments and commercial spaces to accommodate the burgeoning population. Governments and private developers are also focusing on developing more affordable residential developments in urban areas to cater to diverse income groups. In September 2024, Housing Australia selected an initial pipeline of 185 projects to deliver over 13,700 social and affordable homes across the country.

    The introduction of government initiatives aimed at boosting infrastructure is propelling the Australia construction market expansion. In May 2024, the Australian government announced its decision to invest over AUD 1 billion for the 8,500-ARTC rail network. Besides, the increasing concerns regarding housing shortages in the country are prompting both federal and state governments to develop affordable housing plans. In October 2024, the Australian government launched a low-cost housing plan to build nearly 1.2 million homes by 2030 to ease the housing shortage in the country.

    Australia Construction Market Growth

    The increasing prevalence of natural disasters in Australia, such as floods, bushfires, and cyclones, among others, is surging the need for the development of disaster-resistant infrastructure, such as fire-resistant buildings, flood barriers, and storm-resistant structures. This is prompting construction companies to use non-combustible materials, steel framing, fire-rated cladding, fire-resistant windows, and advanced sprinkler systems. Moreover, there is a growing integration of advanced technologies such as smart sensors and early warning systems in infrastructure and buildings to provide real-time information regarding environmental conditions and enable rapid response in the event of a disaster.

    Rising investments in renewable energy infrastructure, such as solar projects, wind energy, and battery storage systems, to reduce the dependency on fossil fuels, are creating lucrative Australia construction market opportunities. In October 2024, X-ELIO announced the expansion of its Blue Grass Solar Farm, located in Queensland’s Western Downs, with the addition of a 148 MW Battery Energy Storage System. The project contributes to the Queensland Government’s plan to generate 70% of its energy needs from renewable sources by 2032 and 80% by 2035.

    Australia Construction Market Trends

    Modular and prefabricated construction methods are becoming increasingly popular in Australia due to their ability to reduce construction time, costs, and material waste. These methods also help minimise on-site errors and delays. As sustainability becomes a key focus in the industry, there is a rising demand for these construction methods to reduce the carbon footprint of projects. Advanced technologies like 3D printing and Building Information Modeling (BIM) are enhancing the efficiency and precision of modular construction. The demand for affordable housing is further driving the popularity of prefabricated homes, with the New South Wales government piloting modular social homes in 2024.

    Sustainability is a growing priority in the Australia construction market. In 2024, the Green Building Council of Australia updated its Green Star Performance tool to meet evolving standards. The sector, contributing 18% of national emissions, is moving toward net-zero targets by 2050, with increased use of energy-efficient systems, sustainable materials like recycled steel, and low-carbon technologies. Advanced technologies are transforming the construction sector, with tools like BIM, robotics, and 3D printing improving project efficiency, safety, and precision. The use of AI and machine learning for predictive analysis and site safety is also expected to drive further growth in the market, particularly in addressing the housing shortage.

    Opportunities in the Australia Construction Market

    Increasing Development of Smart City Projects

    The increasing development of smart cities requiring advanced transportation infrastructure, including autonomous vehicle lanes, intelligent traffic management systems, and smart roads with sensors for real-time data collection is aiding the Australia construction market expansion. Construction companies are focusing on developing smart grids, data centres, and communication infrastructure to support the rising need for digital connectivity in smart cities. With cities needing enhanced communication infrastructure, particularly fibre-optical cables and 5G networks, the construction of telecommunications infrastructure, such as telecommunication towers, data centres, and underground fibre-optic networks is increasing.

    Expansion of Healthcare Infrastructure

    There is a rising construction of medical research centres, hospitals, and medical office buildings amid the evolving healthcare needs and advancements in medical technology in Australia. Construction firms specialising in healthcare technology integration are increasingly developing smart hospitals equipped with automated systems, IoT-enabled devices, and data-driven patient care. Moreover, the ageing population of Australia is driving the demand for aged care facilities such as assisted living communities and nursing homes. As of June 30th, 2020, there were nearly 4.2 million older Australians (aged 65 or over), with the geriatric population comprising 16% of the overall Australian population.

    Australia Construction Market Restraints

    One of the major factors impeding the growth of the construction industry in Australia is the looming shortage of skilled workforce, including project managers, tradespeople, and engineers in the country, leading to construction delays. Factors like supply chain disruptions, growing transportation costs, and shortages of essential materials like steel, timber, and cement can also hinder the market.

    The Australia construction industry is heavily dependent on imported building materials, exposing it to trade restrictions and currency fluctuations. Evolving regulations regarding building standards, safety, and zoning by state, federal, and local governments can increase the complexity of construction projects.


    Competitive Landscape

    Key players in the Australia construction market are attempting to reduce carbon emissions and integrating sustainable practices such as rainwater harvesting and solar power to meet stringent environmental standards. Australia construction companies are also adopting technologies such as drones, robotics, automation, and building information modelling (BIM) to improve construction efficiency and lower labour costs.

    Laing O’Rourke Corp. Ltd.

    Laing O’Rourke Corp. Ltd. is a renowned construction and engineering company that is headquartered in Dartford, England. The company delivers advanced building and infrastructure projects for its customers in the Middle East, the United Kingdom, and Australia. It aims to become a pioneer and innovator in the construction sector by 2025.

    J Hutchinson Pty Ltd.

    J Hutchinson Pty Ltd., founded in 1912, has established its position as a diverse and dynamic construction company in Australia. With a presence across regional and urban regions of Australia, it delivers advanced projects and has built over 7,500 projects worth more than USD 35 billion in the country since its inception.

    Lendlease Corporation Limited

    Lendlease Corporation Limited is a global real estate company that has been involved in delivering iconic projects like Singapore’s Paya Lebar Quarter, Sydney’s Barangaroo Precinct, and New York’s Claremont Hall. The company also provides leading design and project management services for sectors like social infrastructure, residential, and commercial.

    Other Australia construction market players include Brookfield Corporation (Multiplex Constructions Pty Limited), CIMIC Group Ltd. (CPB Contractors), John Holland Group Pty Ltd., ADCO Constructions Pty Ltd., Fulton Hogan Ltd., Mirvac Limited, and Hansen Yuncken Pty Ltd., among others.

    Key Topics Covered:

    Executive Summary

    • Market Size 2024-2025

    • Market Growth 2025(F)-2034(F)

    • Key Demand Drivers

    • Key Players and Competitive Structure

    • Industry Best Practices

    • Recent Trends and Developments

    • Industry Outlook

    Market Overview and Stakeholder Insights

    Economic Summary

    Asia Pacific Construction Market Overview

    • Key Industry Highlights

    • Asia Pacific Construction Historical Market (2018-2024)

    • Asia Pacific Construction Market Forecast (2025-2034)

    • Asia Pacific Construction Market Breakup by Country

    • China

    • Japan

    • India

    • ASEAN

    • Australia

    • Others

    Australia Construction Industry Segmentation

    Market Breakup by Construction Type

    • New Constructions

    • Renovation

    Market Breakup by End Use

    • Commercial

    • Residential

    • Institutional

    • Industrial

    Companies Featured

    • Laing O’Rourke Corp. Ltd.

    • Brookfield Corporation (Multiplex Constructions Pty Limited)

    • J Hutchinson Pty Ltd.

    • CIMIC Group Ltd. (CPB Contractors)

    • Lendlease Corporation Limited

    • John Holland Group Pty Ltd.

    • ADCO Constructions Pty Ltd.

    • Fulton Hogan Ltd.

    • Mirvac Limited

    • Hansen Yuncken Pty Ltd.

    For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/vkl82k

    About ResearchAndMarkets.com
    ResearchAndMarkets.com is the world’s leading source for international market research reports and market data. We provide you with the latest data on international and regional markets, key industries, the top companies, new products and the latest trends.

    CONTACT: CONTACT: ResearchAndMarkets.com Laura Wood,Senior Press Manager press@researchandmarkets.com For E.S.T Office Hours Call 1-917-300-0470 For U.S./ CAN Toll Free Call 1-800-526-8630 For GMT Office Hours Call +353-1-416-8900

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  • Fasting glucose improvement following a short-term, culturally adapted lifestyle intervention in Latino adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study | BMC Nutrition

    Fasting glucose improvement following a short-term, culturally adapted lifestyle intervention in Latino adults at risk for type 2 diabetes mellitus: a quasi-experimental study | BMC Nutrition

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  • Partner involvement and emotional and informational support gaps as predictors of postpartum birth trauma symptoms: a multi-center cross-sectional study of 230 women at 42 days postpartum | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

    Partner involvement and emotional and informational support gaps as predictors of postpartum birth trauma symptoms: a multi-center cross-sectional study of 230 women at 42 days postpartum | BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth

    This study adopted a cross-sectional design and was conducted across four hospitals in Shanghai, including two general hospitals and two specialized maternity hospitals, between February and July 2024. A convenience sampling approach was employed to recruit postpartum women who attended routine 42-day follow-up visits at these institutions. Eligibility criteria included: (1) age 18 years or older; (2) ability to communicate in Mandarin and comprehend the study instruments; (3) completion of a live birth; and (4) completion of the Chinese City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS) [29]. All eligible women, including those scoring zero, were invited to participate. In subsequent subgroup analyses, we also examined the prevalence and correlates of clinically significant symptom levels based on a total score ≥ 28, as proposed in a Brazilian validation study, while retaining the full sample for analyses of symptom severity [20]. Women were excluded if they had severe postpartum complications that prevented participation (e.g., postpartum hemorrhage requiring intensive care), significant psychiatric illness diagnosed prior to pregnancy, or a score of zero on the City BiTS.

    Sample size estimation was guided by the principle that at least 5–10 participants are required per independent variable in regression analysis. With the Chinese Postpartum Social Support Scale containing 34 items, a minimum of 170 participants was required. Sample size estimation was further supported by an a priori power analysis. Based on previous studies examining the association between postpartum social support and trauma severity, we anticipated a small-to-moderate effect size (f2 = 0.08) in the final multivariable regression model. Using G*Power 3.1 for linear multiple regression with a fixed model and R [2] deviation from zero, and specifying α = 0.05, power (1 − β) = 0.80, and 10 predictors, the minimum required sample size was calculated to be 184. Allowing for a potential 20% non-response or invalid questionnaire rate, the adjusted target sample size was 230, which was achieved in the present study. All participants provided written informed consent before data collection, and the study protocol was reviewed and approved by the Ethics Committee of the Second Affiliated Hospital of Naval Medical University (Approval No. 2024SLYS6). The research adhered to the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (2013 revision).

    Instruments

    Symptoms indicative of childbirth-related psychological and physical distress (“postpartum birth trauma symptoms”) were measured using the City Birth Trauma Scale (City BiTS), originally developed by Ayers et al. [19] based on DSM-5 PTSD criteria and subsequently translated and validated for Chinese populations by Nie et al. [29]. The scale comprises 29 items across two symptom dimensions (birth-related and general), along with criteria for symptom duration, distress, and functional impairment. Responses are scored on a frequency scale from 0 (none) to 3 (≥ 5 times), with higher scores indicating more severe trauma symptoms. In the Chinese validation study, the total scale α was 0.934. In our sample, the total scale α was 0.93, with the birth-related symptom dimension α = 0.92 and the general symptom dimension α = 0.91. These values indicate excellent internal consistency for both instruments in this study.

    Postpartum social support was assessed using the Postpartum Social Support Questionnaire (PSSQ) originally developed by Logsdon et al. [30] to measure perceived social support during the postpartum period. The Chinese version of the scale was translated, culturally adapted, and psychometrically validated by Lu et al. [31]. This version evaluates both the importance of and the actual support received in four domains: material, emotional, informational, and comparison support. Each item is rated on a 1–7 Likert scale, with higher scores indicating greater perceived importance or greater actual support received. For each domain, an “expectation gap” score was calculated as: expectation gap = importance score – actual support score. A positive gap value indicates that the perceived importance of the support exceeded the support actually received (i.e., unmet expectations), a value of zero indicates that the perceived importance and received support were equal, and a negative value indicates that the received support exceeded the perceived importance. This operationalization is consistent with the original Chinese validation of the PSSQ by Lu et al. [31]in which the importance score is interpreted as a proxy for the individual’s subjective expectation for that type of support, regardless of whether it is expected from partners, family members, or healthcare professionals. Therefore, larger positive gap values reflect a greater degree of perceived unmet need. In the validation study by Zhong et al. [31]Cronbach’s α values for the four subscales ranged from 0.893 to 0.944, with a total scale α of 0.94, indicating high internal consistency. In our sample, Cronbach’s α values for the PSQ subscales were 0.90 (material support), 0.91 (emotional support), 0.92 (informational support), and 0.89 (comparison support), with a total scale α of 0.94, confirming excellent reliability in the current study population.

    Partner involvement was assessed via a structured self-report item asking participants to classify their partner’s involvement during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period as high (active participation in prenatal visits, presence at delivery, daily caregiving), medium (inconsistent or partial participation), or low (minimal presence or involvement). This classification method was adapted from existing perinatal partner-support frameworks, with operational definitions provided to participants to enhance reliability.

    Data collection

    Data collection occurred during scheduled 42-day postpartum clinic visits. Trained research nurses explained the study purpose and procedures to eligible participants in a private consultation room to ensure confidentiality. Demographic and obstetric data—including age, parity, education level, household registration, occupation, monthly household income, primary infant caregiver, and feeding method—were obtained via a structured questionnaire. Participants then completed the City BiTS and PSQ scales electronically using a secure QR-code-linked platform on a tablet provided by the study team. The survey platform incorporated logic checks, required responses for all items, and prevented submission of incomplete questionnaires. To minimize response bias, research staff were available to clarify questions but did not influence responses. For the purpose of statistical analysis, participant age was categorized as < 30 years or ≥ 30 years. This threshold was selected because, in Chinese obstetric practice, age ≥ 30 years for primiparous women is often associated with increased obstetric risk and corresponds to the conventional definition of “advanced maternal age” in many clinical guidelines [32]. Additionally, 30 years approximated the median age in our sample, allowing for balanced subgroup sizes. Monthly household income was dichotomized at 8,000 RMB, which is close to the 2023 Shanghai average per capita monthly disposable income reported by the National Bureau of Statistics, thus providing a contextually relevant socio-economic classification [33].

    Statistical analysis

    All data were analyzed using SPSS Statistics version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Continuous variables were tested for normality using the Shapiro–Wilk test and presented as mean ± standard deviation (SD) if normally distributed; group comparisons were performed using independent-samples t-tests or one-way ANOVA as appropriate. Categorical variables were summarized as frequencies and percentages and compared using chi-square or Fisher’s exact tests. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated to assess associations between trauma severity and (1) importance scores, (2) actual support scores, and (3) expectation gap scores in each support domain. Multiple linear regression analyses were performed in three steps: Model 1 examined unadjusted associations between each social support gap score and trauma severity; Model 2 adjusted for demographic covariates (age, education, household income, parity, occupation, household registration, and feeding method); Model 3 further adjusted for partner involvement. Additional models were constructed replacing support gap scores with the corresponding actual support scores to examine their independent effects. All regression results are presented with unstandardized coefficients (B), standardized coefficients (β), 95% confidence intervals (CI), t-values, and p-values, regardless of statistical significance. Categorical variables were dummy-coded, and multicollinearity was assessed using variance inflation factors (VIF < 5). Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed p-value < 0.05.

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  • Risk factors and prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in rheumatic patients: a meta-analysis | BMC Infectious Diseases

    Risk factors and prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in rheumatic patients: a meta-analysis | BMC Infectious Diseases

    Main finding

    The study revealed that current smoking, Golimumab treatment, a history of TB, age > 40, Chloroquine treatment and gender significantly influence the occurrence of LTBI in rheumatic patients.

    Rheumatic patients who smoke are at 1.50 times higher risk for LTBI than non-smokers. Smoking activates T-lymphocytes through inflammatory chemokines, promoting further lymphocyte recruitment to encapsulate MTB and form granulomas. Nicotine in cigarettes alters tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) function, limiting its bactericidal effect on MTB, which increases the risk of LTBI. Additionally, nicotine affects T-lymphocyte activity, reducing their capacity to eliminate MTB [36]. Therefore, priority should be given to reducing nicotine intake among patients with rheumatic diseases, and screening smoking patients for LTBI should be emphasised. However, we also found that a history of smoking did not show a significant impact. It is speculated that the development of LTBI in rheumatic populations may be more strongly associated with recent exposure (current smoking), while the cumulative effects of past smoking may be diluted by long-term smoking cessation or immune system recovery. In addition, the definition of “history of smoking” in the included studies may be inconsistent, such as changes in smoking cessation duration or smoking intensity, leading to insufficient statistical ability to detect associations.

    TNF-α is critical for granuloma formation and maintenance, and its inhibition may increase the risk of new TB infections or the reactivation of latent TB. However, TNF-α antagonists can improve rheumatic diseases by downregulating local and systemic pro-inflammatory cytokines, reducing lymphocyte activation and migration to the joint site, and other mechanisms. These benefits have led to the widespread use of TNF-α antagonists in clinical practice [37]. Common TNF-α antagonists include Infliximab, Etanercept, Adalimumab, Golimumab, and Certolizumab pegol [38]. Several studies have highlighted that TNF-α antagonist therapy significantly increases the risk of LTBI in rheumatic patients [38,39,40]. Our study shows that Golimumab increases the risk of LTBI in these patients, while Etanercept does not appear to influence LTBI occurrence. Structural and functional differences among TNF-α inhibitors account for this result. Compared to Etanercept, Golimumab has a stronger binding affinity for transmembrane TNF-α (tmTNF-α), which enhances its neutralizing effect on tmTNF signaling and increases the potential for fungal growth recovery in granulomas [41]. In addition, Golimumab can also increase the risk of LTBI infection by weakening the bactericidal ability of macrophages and inhibiting T cell immunity. Etanercept mainly binds soluble TNF-α and has a weak inhibitory effect on tmTNF-α, so its impact on granuloma stability is relatively small. Based on these findings, LTBI screening may be prioritized for patients receiving Golimumab. In theory, the mechanism of Adalimumab is similar to that of Golimumab. But our meta-analysis revealed that Adalimumab had no significant effect on the occurrence of LTBI in rheumatic patients. The trial showed that Golimumab and Infliximab had similar affinities for tmTNF-α, slightly higher than Adalimumab [42]. Such biological differences may account for the differences in the effects of Golimumab and Adalimumab on the induction of LTBI. In addition, this may be due to limitations in the included studies, with one being a single factor analysis result and the other being a multiple factor analysis result, which to some extent distorts the research findings. Although Al-Sohaim.et’s study [43] also showed that Adalimumab had no effect on the occurrence of LTBI in rheumatic patients, based on its mechanism of action and the shortcomings of existing research, we believe it is still necessary to screen rheumatic patients who have received Adalimumab treatment for LTBI. This meta-analysis indicates that not all TNF inhibitors increase the risk of LTBI. Given the limited existing literature, these findings should be confirmed through further research.

    Wang Wen et al. [44] highlighted that individuals with a prior history of TB have a fivefold increased risk of reinfection compared to the general population. In our study, a history of TB was identified as a risk factor for LTBI in rheumatic patients. Rheumatic patients with a previous TB history should undergo LTBI screening, and the results should guide the decision on whether to initiate prophylactic treatment. Although several studies suggest that TB contact may increase the risk of LTBI in rheumatic patients, this trend was not observed in our study. Potential reasons include: (1) insufficient sample size, and (2) variability in TB contact reporting across studies, where self-reports lacked detailed information on the duration and frequency of exposure.

    Previous research has shown that LTBI is more common in men within the general population [45]. As the primary workforce and economic providers, men tend to engage in more social and employment activities, thereby increasing exposure to MTB. Additionally, differences in hygiene habits between men and women may contribute to this disparity. A similar pattern was observed in our study, where male rheumatic patients had a higher risk of LTBI than female patients. Consequently, male patients should be prioritized in LTBI screening, facilitating early detection and prophylactic treatment to reduce TB risk.

    Lysosomal autophagy is a key defense line for clearing intracellular pathogen [46]– [47]. Normal autophagy can degrade invading pathogens (such as MTB and Salmonella) through lysosomes, while when autophagy function is inhibited, pathogens are more likely to escape immune clearance and form latent infections [48]. Chloroquine is a classic lysosomal autophagy inhibitor that neutralizes the acidic environment of lysosomes (pH elevation), prevents the fusion of autophagosomes with lysosomes, or interferes with lysosomal enzyme activity, resulting in the inability to degrade autophagic substrate [49]– [50]. Although there is no direct evidence in previous studies to suggest a correlation between the use of chloroquine and latent infections associated with mycobacteria. But this study shows that chloroquine can increase the risk of LTBI in rheumatic patients. This may be due to immune dysfunction in rheumatic patients, and long-term use of chloroquine may cause latent. Thus, screening for LTBI in rheumatic patients on these medications warrants emphasis.

    Previous studies have shown that the prevalence of latent tuberculosis infection in the population is associated with age [51]– [52], with infection rates increasing with age. This is likely due to the decline in immune function with age, which affects the body’s ability to clear MTB. In rheumatic populations, a similar phenomenon is observed, with the risk of LTBI being higher in the group aged over 40 years compared to those aged 40 years or younger. Therefore, it is important to prioritize LTBI screening for rheumatic patients studies aged over 40 years.

    Furthermore, the effects of various factors, history of smoking, corticosteroids, duration of disease, RF factor, history of diabetes, TB contact and history of BCG vaccination were analyzed. The results indicated that none of these factors significantly influenced the development of LTBI in rheumatic patients. It is worth noting that the meta-analysis from three studies [18, 20, 30] indicated immunosuppressive therapy did not significantly influence the occurrence of LTBI in rheumatic patients. However, it is important to note that “immunosuppressants” encompass a broad spectrum of agents, including traditional chemical immunosuppressants, biologics, targeted synthetic drugs (e.g., JAK inhibitors), and glucocorticoids. These drugs differ substantially in their mechanisms of action and their associated risks of LTBI. Consequently, when analyzed collectively, their opposing effects may offset one another, potentially masking subgroup-specific risks.

    This study found that the pooled LTBI rate in rheumatic patients was 22%, comparable to the 20.7% found by Salma Athimni et al. [53]. The discrepancies between these studies may be attributable to differences in disease types, treatment regimens, and diagnostic methods employed. Given the considerable heterogeneity in our results, additional subgroup analyses were conducted based on ethnicity and LTBI detection methods. Subgroup analyses based on ethnicity revealed a reduction in heterogeneity, with the heterogeneity in the mixed-race group falling to 0, and that in Asian populations (the yellow race) also decreasing, suggesting that ethnicity may contribute to the observed variability. Our study indicated that the white, mix race and yellow rheumatic patients had a higher incidence of LTBI compared to black patients (other race), highlighting the influence of ethnicity as an intrinsic factor in the occurrence of LTBI. This may be related to economic, social and genetic factors. For example, white people are more likely to receive TB screening and use biological agents than black people, which increases the risk of TB. Since the black subgroup was based on only one study, the effect estimate may be unstable. More studies involving black people are needed in the future to validate this result. Further subgroup analyses based on LTBI detection methods revealed a significant reduction in heterogeneity within the PPD-based subgroup, while no substantial change was observed in other subgroups. This suggests that the choice of detection modality may account for some of the heterogeneity in study results. Previous meta-analyses have shown that IGRAs are more specific for low-risk, BCG-vaccinated individuals and more sensitive in diagnosing MTB co-infection in HIV-infected individuals [54]. Discrepancies between TST and IGRA results are common in LTBI testing. Notably, IGRA accuracy can be improved by extending the latency period of the stimulus and measuring IL-2 levels. However, our study found no statistically significant differences in LTBI infection rates between subgroups based on the detection method. In the preliminary phase of the study, subgroup analyses were performed based on TNF-α antagonist treatment status. Unfortunately, due to the limited data on drug treatments provided in the included studies, this analysis could not be conducted.

    The advantage of this study was that it provided strong evidence for whether rheumatic patients are included in the target population for TPT, and clarified some risk factors for the occurrence of LTBI in rheumatic patients, providing a basis for determining which rheumatic patients should be prioritized for LTBI screening. Several limitations were present in our study: (1) Cross-sectional studies included in the analysis exhibited high bias due to issues with control selection and between-group comparability, while cohort studies had biases related to the selection of non-exposed populations, between-group comparability, and loss to follow-up. These factors may have influenced the reliability of our findings. In addition, most of the included literature were cross-sectional studies, which have the shortcoming of recall bias and may affect the accuracy of the research results. (2) Despite the inclusion of several influential factors in the studies, the limited number of studies meeting the inclusion criteria constrained our ability to perform meta-analysis on some of these factors. And the included studies lacked factors such as socioeconomic status and comorbidities (other than diabetes), so further research is needed to address these gaps. (3) Some of the forest plots exhibited moderate to high statistical heterogeneity, which could be attributed to the notable variability in results across the studies.

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  • DoPchoice intro’s Snapbag for Astera QuikPunch

    DoPchoice intro’s Snapbag for Astera QuikPunch

    At IBC 2025, DoPchoice reveals the Snapbag “Barndoor Fit” for the QuikPunch. Designed expressly to pair with Astera’s latest LED Fresnel, it delivers even greater lighting options for the already versatile wireless spot fixture.

    DoPchoice’s instant setup softbox offers users a fast and efficient way to control the focused illumination of the QuikPunch. Thanks to the Snapbag’s silver reflective interior, light output is amplified. To soften, the system comes with a choice of included diffusion, a full Snapcloth and Half Grid Cloth which affix across the lightface using hook and loop fastenings. To command light direction, the Snapbag has a 50x50cm front making it fully compatible with the SGQ50W40 40º Snapgrid.

    Optimized for use with QuikPunch’s small-sized barndoors, the leaves slide easily into the Snapbag’s dedicated side pockets. A tight, robust and sag-free fit is ensured by two hook and loop fastening strips which holds the system in place even in demanding, heavy vibration environments. By rotating the barndoors, users can freely position the softbox.

    At just (0.85kg/1.87-lbs), the Snapbag instantly opens to 51x51x44 cm. Like all Snapbags, the Barndoor Fit can be swiftly removed and folds neatly into its own compact pouch, ready for the next setup.

    For more information on the new Snapbag and Snapgrid, visit: https://www.dopchoice.com/product/sbaqp22https://www.dopchoice.com/product/sgq50w40

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  • Blurred vision and other warning signs of transient ischaemic attacks: CMC Vellore doctor explains stroke risk |

    Blurred vision and other warning signs of transient ischaemic attacks: CMC Vellore doctor explains stroke risk |

    Transient ischaemic attacks (TIAs), often called “mini-strokes”, are brief episodes of neurological symptoms that can signal serious underlying health risks. Many people ignore fleeting signs such as blurred vision, sudden weakness, slurred speech, or temporary numbness, assuming they are minor or temporary. However, these short-lived events can serve as urgent warnings for an impending stroke. Recognising the symptoms early and seeking prompt medical attention can prevent permanent brain damage and even save lives. Understanding TIAs, their causes, and the appropriate interventions equips individuals to take control of their health and reduce long-term risks.

    Understanding transient ischaemic attacks: When minor symptoms signal danger

    Understanding transient ischemic attacks: when minor symptoms signal danger

    A transient ischaemic attack (TIA) is a brief episode of stroke-like symptoms caused by a temporary blockage of blood flow to the brain. TIAs usually last only a few minutes and do not cause permanent damage, but they are serious warning signs—about one in three people who experience a TIA may have a stroke within a year.Common symptoms of a TIA include:

    • Weakness, numbness, or paralysis in the face, arm, or leg, usually on one side of the body
    • Slurred speech or difficulty understanding others
    • Vision problems, such as blindness in one or both eyes or double vision
    • Dizziness, loss of balance, or poor coordination

    Recognising these signs and seeking prompt medical care can help prevent a major stroke.

    Real-life examples of transient ischaemic attacks

    Dr Sudhir Kumar, a senior neurologist and CMC Vellore graduate, highlighted a case demonstrating the importance of early detection. Mr Ramesh (name changed), a 60-year-old man with a history of smoking and poorly controlled diabetes, experienced sudden episodes of blurred vision while reading. Each episode lasted only a minute or two, but they recurred several times daily. Assuming it was related to blood sugar fluctuations, he did not seek immediate medical help.An eye examination revealed no ocular problems, prompting referral to a neurologist. A carotid Doppler scan showed an 80% blockage in his left carotid artery, a major vessel supplying blood to the brain. Dr Kumar explained that these vision blackouts were transient ischaemic attacks, urgent warning signs indicating a high risk of stroke. This case illustrates how minor symptoms can mask serious underlying issues.

    Managing transient ischaemic attacks: immediate steps

    Early intervention is critical for patients experiencing TIAs. Ramesh’s treatment plan included dual antiplatelet therapy to prevent blood clots, high-dose statins to stabilise arterial plaques, and lifestyle changes such as quitting smoking and controlling diabetes. In addition, early carotid stenting was performed to restore blood flow and protect the brain.Dr Kumar emphasises, “Short-lived neurological symptoms like blurred vision or temporary weakness should never be dismissed. They are the body’s SOS signals. Prompt action can prevent permanent disability and save lives.” Recognising TIAs and acting immediately allows healthcare professionals to intervene before a minor symptom develops into a full-blown stroke.

    Prevention and long-term health strategies for transient ischaemic attacks

    Ramesh’s experience highlights the importance of prevention and ongoing management. Transient ischaemic attacks are not just isolated events—they indicate the need for lifestyle and medical interventions. Controlling diabetes, quitting smoking, managing cholesterol, and monitoring blood pressure are essential preventive measures. Simple diagnostic tests, combined with timely medical care, can significantly reduce stroke risk.For healthcare providers, treating TIAs seriously and initiating preventive therapies, including early revascularisation when needed, can protect high-risk patients. For individuals, recognising early symptoms, seeking medical attention, and following preventive guidelines can be lifesaving. Minor episodes, like brief vision loss or temporary weakness, should be viewed as urgent health alerts rather than inconveniences. Being informed and equipped to act promptly ensures long-term brain health and overall wellbeing.Disclaimer: This article is for general informational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice, diagnosis, or treatment. Always seek the guidance of a qualified healthcare provider regarding any medical condition or lifestyle change.Also Read: Recovering from food poisoning: Indian diet tips for a gentle recovery


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