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‘Ice in a Volcano’ Reveals Age of Gas Cloud at Milky Way’s Center
Researchers have found clouds of cold gas embedded deep within larger, superheated gas clouds – or Fermi bubbles – at the Milky Way’s center. The finding challenges current models of Fermi bubble formation and reveals that the bubbles are much younger than previously estimated.
“The Fermi bubbles are enormous structures of hot gas that extend above and below the disk of the Milky Way, reaching about 25,000 light years in each direction from the galaxy’s center – spanning a total height of 50,000 light years,” says Rongmon Bordoloi, associate professor of physics at North Carolina State University and corresponding author of the research.
“Fermi bubbles are a relatively recent discovery – they were first identified by telescopes that ‘see’ gamma rays in 2010 – there are different theories about how it happened, but we do know that it was an extremely sudden and violent event, like a volcanic eruption but on a massive scale.”
Bordoloi and the research team used the U.S. National Science Foundation Green Bank Telescope (NSF GBT) to observe the Fermi bubbles and get high resolution data about the composition of the gas within and the speed at which it is moving. These measurements were twice as sensitive as previous radio telescope surveys of the Fermi bubbles and allowed them to observe finer detail within the bubbles.
Most of the gas inside the Fermi bubbles is around 1 million degrees Kelvin. However, the research team also found something surprising: dense clouds of neutral hydrogen gas, each one measuring several thousand solar masses, dotted within the bubbles 12,000 light years above the center of the Milky Way.
“These clouds of neutral hydrogen are cold, relative to the rest of the Fermi bubble,” says Andrew Fox, ESA-AURA Astronomer at the Space Telescope Science Institute and coauthor of the paper.
“They’re around 10,000 degrees Kelvin, so cooler than their surroundings by at least a factor of 100. Finding those clouds within the Fermi bubble is like finding ice cubes in a volcano.”
Their existence is surprising because the hot (over 1 million degrees Kelvin), high-velocity environment of the nuclear outflow should have rapidly destroyed any cooler gas.
“Computer models of cool gas interacting with hot outflowing gas in extreme environments like the Fermi bubbles show that cool clouds should be rapidly destroyed, usually within a few million years, a timescale that aligns with independent estimates of the Fermi bubbles’ age,” Bordoloi says. “It wouldn’t be possible for the clouds to be present at all if the Fermi bubbles were 10 million years old or older.
“What makes this discovery even more remarkable is its synergy with ultraviolet observations from the Hubble Space Telescope (HST),” Bordoloi says. “The clouds lie along a sightline previously observed with HST, which detected highly ionized multiphase gas, ranging in temperatures from a million to 100,000 Kelvin – which is what you’d expect to see if a cold gas is getting evaporated.”
The team was also able to calculate the speed at which the gases are moving, which further confirmed the age.
“These gases are moving around a million miles per hour, which also marks the Fermi bubbles as a recent development,” Bordoloi says. “These clouds weren’t here when dinosaurs roamed Earth. In cosmic time scales, a million years is the blink of an eye.”
“We believe that these cold clouds were swept up from the Milky Way’s center and carried aloft by the very hot wind that formed the Fermi bubbles,” says Jay Lockman, an astronomer at the Green Bank Observatory and coauthor of the paper. “Just as you can’t see the motion of the wind on Earth unless there are clouds to track it, we can’t see the hot wind from the Milky Way but can detect radio emission from the cold clouds it carries along.”
This discovery challenges current understanding of how cold clouds can survive the extreme energetic environment of the Galactic Center, placing strong empirical constraints on how outflows interact with their surroundings. The findings provide a crucial benchmark for simulations of galactic feedback and evolution, reshaping our view of how energy and matter cycle through galaxies.
The work appears in Astrophysical Journal Letters and is supported by the National Science Foundation under grant number AST-2206853.
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Note to editors: An abstract follows.
“A New High-latitude H I Cloud Complex Entrained in the Northern Fermi Bubble”
DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/addd16
Authors: Rongmon Bordoloi, North Carolina State University; Andrew Fox, Space Telescope Science Institute; Felix Lockman, Green Bank Observatory
Published: July 7 in Astrophysical Journal LettersAbstract:
We report the discovery of eleven high-velocity H I clouds at Galactic latitudes of 25–30 degrees, likely embedded in the Milky Way’s nuclear wind. The clouds are detected with deep Green Bank Telescope 21 cm observations of a 3.2◦×6.2◦ field around QSO 1H1613-097, located behind the northern Fermi Bubble. Our measurements reach 3σ limits on NHI as low as 3.1 × 1017 cm−2, more than twice as sensitive as previous H I studies of the Bubbles. The clouds span −180 ≤ vLSR ≤ −90 kms−1 and are the highest-latitude 21 cm HVCs detected inside the Bubbles. Eight clouds are spatially resolved, showing coherent structures with sizes of 4–28 pc, peak column densities of log(NHI/cm2)=17.9–18.7, and H I masses up to 1470M⊙. Several exhibit internal velocity gradients. Their presence at such high latitudes is surprising, given the short expected survival times for clouds expelled from the Galactic Center. These objects may be fragments of a larger cloud disrupted by interaction with the surrounding hot gas.
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Absolute creamer! Instagram star Prime Mutton takes America – with a passion for pints | US news
You might not be familiar with Prime Mutton. Maybe you haven’t heard his catchphrases – “absolute creamer”, “muttonista”, or the still-in-development “creamerisimo”.
If so, you’re missing out on a man who in the space of a year has created little short of a cult: an army of more than 160,000 social media fans, including celebrities, who cheer along online and in person as their leader – basically – reviews beer.
Prime Mutton, whose real name is Jason Hackett, isn’t the typical social media star. He is not, with all due respect, a beautiful twentysomething posting videos that are brightly lit with nice colors and snappy edits.
He’s a 55-year-old professional bridge player from Manchester, with a moustache, a leather pork pie hat, and a body that, he readily admits, reflects his enthusiasm for ale. The lighting in his videos is not up to professional standards, they are rife with background noise – he films the videos in bars – and his recent experiments with fonts and emojis have frequently been chaotic.
But what Prime Mutton does have is a passion: a passion for pints.
That devotion, coupled with his unvarnished persona and his “absolute creamer” catchphrase – uttered with relish when a beer meets his high standards – have been enough for him to succeed where so many Brits before him have not: he has cracked America.
“I think people, when I publish my little videos and posts, it brings them quite a lot of happiness,” Prime Mutton told the Guardian on a recent Sunday in Brooklyn.
“People, you know, wake up, they’re about to go to work, or they’re at work on their break, and it’s something that makes them happy – and it’s wholesome and authentic as well.”
Paul Giamatti with Prime Mutton. Photograph: Adam Gabbatt/The Guardian Prime Mutton – “the brain in terms of knowledge of food and drink is prime; the body is mutton, in that I’m not exactly a honed, prime physical athletic specimen” – is on his first US tour, appearing in Boston, New York, Philadelphia and beyond. He has visited dozens of bars, drawing thousands of fans, many wearing T-shirts bearing his face or holding banners with the legend “absolute creamer”.
The in-person appearances, which Prime Mutton announces in advance on his Instagram, follow the same formula as his videos. Prime Mutton appears on camera standing in a bar, holding a pint of beer. He greets the visiting “muttonistas” – a term he coined for fans, and one which they have eagerly embraced, before announcing where he is, and which beer he is going to review.
Then the magic begins.
Sommeliers and cicerones advise that the best way to taste wine or beer is to swish it in the glass, sniff, sip, and swill it around in your mouth to really assess the flavors. Prime Mutton does not do this. Instead, he raises his pint and takes a gigantic swig, a full four or five gulps, until two-thirds of the beer is consumed. After coming up for air, he takes a few moments before delivering his verdict.
The gold standard, for Prime Mutton and his adherents, is that the beer is an “absolute creamer”. His delivery of the phrase, which he said he picked up on a visit to Ireland, sends crowds online and in person into ecstasy.
The Guardian met Prime Mutton at a bar close to where he was due to make his first appearance of the day. The idea was to have a private chat before he addressed the muttonistas. But nowhere is private for Prime Mutton these days.
As we talked, a man, in his 50s, balding, with a grey beard, spotted us through the window and began to wave, hopping up and down excitedly. The man was Paul Giamatti, Golden Globe and Emmy-winning, Oscar- and Bafta-nominated actor.
From outside, Giamatti motioned for us to stay in place – the man really can act – and ran out of view. He quickly reappeared with his son and hustled into the bar. He was wearing a black polo shirt which said “Muttonista” above an image of Prime Mutton.
Giamatti introduced himself as Paul. Rarely has a man looked happier. He asked if he could have a photo. “Of course,” said Prime Mutton – and one was taken. The two men chatted briefly before a beaming Giamatti left. I asked Prime Mutton if he knew who that was. He did not. I told him it was a famous actor.
“See, that’s not my world,” Prime Mutton said, but he did add that Giamatti “seemed very nice”.
Giamatti satiated, it was time for Prime Mutton to head to Hartley’s bar, where about 150 people had gathered in a pub designed to hold about 30 people. The majority of the crowd had to settle for a spot outside, some spilling over into the road. Mutton was here to sample the Guinness, which he had been told was among the best the city has to offer.
As we walked round the corner together, the crowd went wild. There was a primal roar, like people cheering a musician as they emerge at the Super Bowl. This was Mutton as a more conservatively dressed, somewhat heavier Kendrick Lamar – a rough and ready British interpretation of American celebrity.
Inside, an area had been spaced out for Prime Mutton to taste the bar’s Guinness. A hush went over the crowd as he was presented with a pint. He raised it to his lips and paused, a showman teasing his audience. Then he drank, gulp after gulp, as he drained more than two-thirds of the beer.
Prime Mutton set the glass down on the bar. He smacked his lips. Foam hung on his moustache. Tension hung in the air.
The crowd was now completely silent. Their entire focus was on this man, wearing a pork pie hat and suspenders, a man about to make days or crush dreams. Hairs on the backs of necks were raised. Which way would Caesar Mutton’s thumb point?
He paused, considering his decision.
“That’s good. It’s very good actually,” Prime Mutton said, but there was more. “However, I can’t say it’s the best pint I’ve had in New York.”
Hearts sank. His assessment wasn’t over, however.
“But it’s still so good,” Prime Mutton said, “that I’m going to call it an absolute creamer.”
Prime Mutton with fans. Photograph: Prime Mutton An almighty cheer went up. People went wild. Men jumped up and down and hugged each other. High fives were exchanged between strangers. A woman nearly fell off a stool. The muttonistas, much like Prime Mutton’s thirst, had been sated.
“He’s completely endearing, and sort of what I need in my heart right now, given the state of the world,” said Nick Lucchesi, as Prime Mutton polished off the rest of his pint.
“I mean, look at him. He’s smiling and kind of quite Mancunian in all the best ways.”
Lucchesi had already seen Mutton once on this tour, but came back for more, cycling across Brooklyn to lend his support.
“He’s certainly a wonderful bloke. I just feel like: who doesn’t like a Guinness? And a nice guy dropping a catchphrase and talking about it? It makes you feel good,” he said.
Others echoed the sentiment. And at a time when male influencers are frequently awful, it’s true that Mutton offers something different from the rest. He’s not ordering young men to dunk their heads in ice at 3.50am. He’s not a misogynist, he’s not racist, he doesn’t belittle anyone, he’s basically … not a dickhead.
He’s just a man, a man who likes drinking beer, who likes making his videos, and likes bringing people joy.
At a time when a lot is wrong with society, when many of us have found ourselves searching for something real and grounded and normal, who wouldn’t want to be a muttonista?
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ECP rejects 'baseless allegations' from certain individuals, groups – RADIO PAKISTAN
- ECP rejects ‘baseless allegations’ from certain individuals, groups RADIO PAKISTAN
- ECP rejects allegations, clarifies meetings and candidacy procedures Ptv.com.pk
- Election Commission Denies Hamid Raza’s Allegation, Confirms Candidacy Status Abb Takk News
- ECP reshuffle Dawn
- ECP defends meeting between CEC, Speaker Punjab PA Business Recorder
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Family offices ramp up deals in June with bets on biotech and pharma
Key Points
- After a slow spring, investment firms of the ultra-rich made 60 direct investments in June, according to Fintrx.
- Family offices flocked to biotech and health-care firms such as Antheia, seeking to make an impact and returns at the same time.
- Antheia founder Christina Smolke told CNBC’s Inside Wealth family offices’ patient capital makes them a good fit for investing in scientific breakthroughs.
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Saalex Corporation Expands Software Development Capabilities with Acquisition of Greenfield Engineering Corporation
WASHINGTON and LEXINGTON PARK, Md., July 7, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — Saalex Corporation, a leading provider of defense and technology solutions, today announced its acquisition of Greenfield Engineering Corporation. Greenfield is a premier software and systems engineering firm specializing in avionics software development for the U.S. Navy.
This strategic acquisition significantly enhances Saalex’s software development capabilities, particularly in highly specialized avionics software for complex real-time systems. Founded in 2002 and headquartered in Lexington Park, MD, Greenfield has established itself as a trusted partner to NAVAIR with expertise in embedded real-time software development, configuration management, and program management support for naval aviation platforms. The company’s 61 employees will join Saalex Corporation, with integration beginning immediately upon closing July 3, 2025.
“The acquisition of Greenfield Engineering demonstrates the Saalex Corporation commitment to supporting the warfighter and growing our software development capabilities in highly sensitive and secure DOD environments,” said Travis Mack, Chairman and CEO of Saalex Corporation. “I am extremely pleased to continue our expansion and growth in the Patuxent Maryland area.”
Will Weston, President and CEO of Greenfield Engineering, will remain with Saalex to ensure continuity of service excellence and support the integration process. “Joining Saalex Corporation represents an exciting opportunity for Greenfield Engineering to expand our capabilities while maintaining our commitment to supporting critical naval aviation programs,” said Weston. “This partnership will enable us to better serve our customers while providing growth opportunities for our team.”
The acquisition builds upon Saalex’s recent Spalding acquisition, creating a complementary presence in the Patuxent River area and establishing a strong foundation for continued growth in software development services. Greenfield’s specialized expertise in avionics software development, combined with its strong NAVAIR relationships and significant contract backlog, positions the combined organization for continued success in supporting critical defense programs.
About Saalex Corporation:
Saalex Corporation is a leading Aerospace & Defense services company specializing in providing Test Range Operations, IT & cybersecurity, Engineering, Unmanned Robotic Process Automation (URPA), Software Development, and Training/Wargaming Support services to the Department of Defense. With a proven track record of delivering exceptional value and mission-driven solutions, Saalex has been a trusted partner to government agencies for over 25 years.Contact:
Neal Stein
Technology PR Solutions
[email protected]
(321) 473-7407SOURCE Saalex Corporation
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Record Growth Fuels Next Phase For Revolving Games
Breakout Growth Across Live Games
After four years of development and $25 million invested, Revolving Games’ latest title, War of Nova, has quickly emerged as one of the fastest-growing strategy games in its category. The real-time 4X strategy MMORPG is:
- Tracking toward $30 million in annualized revenue
- Seeing 40% that revenue generated by players on App Store and Google Play
- Showing strong player retention and engagement with D1/D3/D7 retention rates of 45/38/26, respectively and 30 minute average session lengths
- Launching Season 2 with improved social features in August
In parallel, HatchKings, Revolving Games’ social slots game, set a new on-chain gaming revenue record by generating $1.4 million in just 10 days, outperforming previous benchmarks set by leading Web3 games.
These numbers are more than just proof points. They signal what many have questioned – that Web3 games can, in fact, break into the mainstream. With nearly half of War of Nova’s revenue coming from everyday mobile players, Revolving Games is closing the gap between traditional mobile gaming and next-generation, player-powered infrastructure.
A Growing Player Community and Publisher Ecosystem
With four launched games, a robust live service operation, and a loyal player base investing into its infrastructure, Revolving Games is laying the groundwork for a scalable, player-first publishing platform. The company’s upcoming roadmap includes:
- The launch of Skyborne: Phoenix Flight, a casual invest-express RPG reminiscent of Animal Crossing, set to debut in Limited Access later this year
- Continued updates and seasonal content for War of Nova, HatchKings, and Hatchlings
- Onboarding IP Partners into the Publisher Ecosystem
- The rollout of the RCADE Network, a player-powered infrastructure layer designed to connect games, studios, and players through real rewards and shared growth
“With the traction we’re seeing across our live games and Skyborne: Phoenix Flight on deck, we believe Revolving Games is positioned to reach $60 million in ARR by the end of the year,” added Ammar Zaeem, Co-Founder and Co-CEO of Revolving Games. “It’s a reflection of years of quiet work and our belief that building for real players — not hype — is what drives long-term growth.”
Building for the Long Term
Backed by industry giants Pantera Capital, Animoca Brands, Polygon, and Rockstar Games’ co-creator Dan Houser, Revolving Games has shown through its commercial success and rapid growth that it’s leading the way for next-gen gaming.
“Four years ago, we set out to build games that people actually want to play and it still remains the mission,” said Saad Zaeem, Co-Founder and Co-CEO of Revolving Games. “Seeing War of Nova and HatchKings take off proves that when you focus on gameplay and community first, everything else follows.”
Revolving Games has been recognized as #27 Forbes’ Best Startup Employers and Newsweek’s Greatest Startup Workplaces in 2025. The company continues to scale globally with studios in North America, Europe, and Asia.
About Revolving Games
Revolving Games is a global game developer and decentralized publisher creating scalable, player-owned gaming experiences through high-quality gameplay and connected infrastructure. With teams across North America, Europe, and Asia, the company has launched multiple titles spanning strategy, social simulation, and RPG genres.
Backed by prominent investors including Pantera Capital, Animoca Brands, Polygon, Dapper Labs, Permanens Capital Partners, and others, Revolving Games is setting new standards for what’s possible in Web3 gaming, and has been recognized by Forbes and Newsweek as one of America’s Best Startup Employers (https://www.forbes.com/lists/americas-best-startup-employers/) and Greatest Startup Workplaces (https://rankings.newsweek.com/americas-greatest-startup-workplaces-2025) in 2025.
Revolving Games is dedicated to building decentralized, long-lasting, and seriously fun games that rival the best of traditional AAA gaming. For more information, users can visit:
Contact
Revolving Games
[email protected]Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2725593/Revolving_Games_1.jpg
Photo – https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2725594/Revolving_Games_2.jpgSOURCE Revolving Games
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Osteotec Strengthens UK Spine Portfolio with Exclusive Ulrich Medical Distribution Agreement
NEWBURY, England, July 7, 2025 /PRNewswire/ — Osteotec, the market leading manufacturer and distributor of specialised medical devices, is pleased to announce it has entered into an exclusive UK distribution agreement with pioneer German spine technology manufacturer Ulrich Medical.
This strategic partnership, effective from July 1, 2025, reinforces Osteotec’s growing spine offering and expands access to Ulrich Medical’s advanced vertebral body replacement systems, systems for cervical and thoraco-lumbar fusion, and dynamic spinal stabilisation solutions across the UK.
The agreement represents a strategic alignment between two companies committed to enhancing surgical performance and delivering better outcomes for patients requiring complex spinal interventions, providing Ulrich Medical’s world-renowned implant systems for cervical, thoracic and lumbar applications to surgeons throughout the NHS and private healthcare sectors.
Founded in 1912 and headquartered in Ulm, Germany, Ulrich Medical has earned a global reputation for precision-engineered solutions that combine robust design, biomechanical innovation, and high standards of German manufacturing. Operating in more than 70 markets worldwide, the company is recognised for its pioneering work in expandable vertebral body replacement implants and dynamic systems that restore anatomical alignment while preserving motion and stability.
The addition of Ulrich Medical’s comprehensive spinal portfolio complements Osteotec’s mission to support spine specialists with reliable, clinically proven technologies that meet the demands of modern spine surgery.
“Our collaboration with Ulrich Medical marks a significant addition to our spine portfolio,” said Dean Stockwell, Osteotec Sales and Marketing Director.
“Ulrich’s focus on restoring spinal function through engineering excellence perfectly aligns with our commitment to offering UK surgeons high-performance, thoughtfully designed implant systems. This agreement allows us to broaden the choice of solutions available to surgeons and improve outcomes for patients undergoing spinal reconstruction.”
Ulrich Medical’s systems are widely trusted by spinal surgeons across Europe, the USA and beyond for their intuitive handling and predictable clinical performance. The partnership with Osteotec ensures these technologies will now be readily accessible to the UK spine surgery community through a trusted domestic distributor with more than three decades of expertise.
“We are pleased to partner with Osteotec, a company with a strong presence and reputation in the UK surgical market,” said Cornelia Schweizer, Vice President Global Sales and Marketing at Ulrich Medical. “Our shared values of quality, innovation and surgeon-focused support will help deliver our technologies to a wider audience and ultimately, support the delivery of best possible patient care.”
About Osteotec
Osteotec is a manufacturer and distributor of medical devices headquartered in Newbury, UK, with offices in Dublin and Malmö. Established in 1993, Osteotec has been supplying into the NHS and private healthcare sectors for the past 32 years.
Osteotec manufactures and distributes the Osteotec Silicone Finger, ChiroKlip and the Concentric Bone Graft System and is a distributor for world-leading orthopaedic partners including Highridge Medical, SI-BONE, TriMed, Enovis, Novastep and Cerapedics.
Media Contact:
Harriet Bawden
Marketing Manager
[email protected] | 020 3011 5574
For more information, visit – www.osteotec.comAbout Ulrich Medical
The ulrich medical group consists of the mother company ulrich GmbH & Co. KG and its subsidiaries in France, Spain and the USA. The internationally operating group develops, produces and distributes products for spinal surgery and radiology under the ulrich medical brand. Founded in 1912, the family-owned company employs over 650 people worldwide. While the products are used worldwide, the medical technology company focuses on quality “Made in Germany“, where the majority of development and production takes place. An additional development site in the USA creates proximity to the international markets for the innovative solutions. ulrich medical increased its turnover again in 2024 – for the 15th year in a row – and underlines its position as a reliable partner in the medical technology industry with this sustained growth.
Media Contact:
Isabelle Korger
Manager PR & Corporate Communications
[email protected] | +49 (0)731 9654-103
For more information, visit – www.ulrichmedical.comLogo: https://mma.prnewswire.com/media/2151731/5126420/Osteotec_Logo.jpg
SOURCE Osteotec
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Dhaka builds for a wetter future – in pictures | Environment
With nearly 20% of its landmass expected to be underwater by mid-century, Bangladesh is one of the most climate-vulnerable countries on Earth. But new buildings and public spaces across the capital city of Dhaka are (sometimes literally) rising to meet the challenges of a hotter, wetter future. Brac University’s new campus, seen here, opened in central Dhaka in 2024Photograph: Anik Rahman/Guardian
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Trypanosoma dionisii in China: ecology and tentative epidemiology | Infectious Diseases of Poverty
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