Why Fecal Transplants Sometimes Fail: Function, Not Just Colonization, May Hold the Key
A recent Clemson University study reveals that fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) may fail not due to poor colonization, but because transplanted microbes often don’t function properly in the recipient’s gut. Led by Anna Seekatz, PhD, and PhD candidate Sophie Millard, the research showed that even when human microbes successfully colonized mouse guts, they didn’t produce the necessary metabolites to fight C difficile infection. The study underscores that compatibility between donor microbes and the host’s gut environment—including immune responses, nutrient availability, and existing microbiota—is critical. This highlights the need for personalized, function-focused microbiome therapies rather than one-size-fits-all approaches.
Moderna’s mRNA-1010 Shows Efficacy in Phase 3 Seasonal Flu Vaccine Trial
Moderna’s mRNA-1010 seasonal flu vaccine candidate has shown promising results in a phase 3 trial, demonstrating 26.6% higher relative efficacy compared to a standard-dose flu vaccine in adults aged 50 and older. The study, which included over 40,000 participants across 11 countries, showed strong protection against multiple influenza strains, including A/H1N1, A/H3N2, and B/Victoria. Participants aged 65+ saw a 27.4% increase in efficacy. The vaccine was well tolerated, with mostly mild side effects and no major safety concerns. These findings highlight the potential of mRNA technology to improve flu vaccination, especially for older adults, and support ongoing efforts toward regulatory approval.
West Nile Virus Dominated Arboviral Cases in 2023, as CDC Reports First US Infection With Lineage 3 Strain
In 2023, West Nile virus (WNV) accounted for 95% of the 2,770 reported arboviral cases in the US, resulting in over 2,000 hospitalizations and 208 deaths, according to a CDC report. Notably, the first US human case of WNV lineage 3—a strain previously found only in European mosquitoes—was identified, raising concerns about surveillance gaps. The patient was coinfected with both lineage 1 and 3, highlighting the need for improved diagnostic tools and expanded surveillance. The CDC also reported increased cases of Powassan virus and La Crosse virus, underscoring the growing diversity of arboviral threats. Experts emphasize the importance of mosquito control, clinician awareness, donor screening, and enhanced testing to better detect and respond to emerging arboviral diseases.
New Advances in Chronic Hepatitis B: Non-Invasive Fibrosis Algorithm and Immunoadsorption Therapy
Two recent studies published in BMC Gastroenterology highlight major advances in chronic hepatitis B (CHB) care. The first validates a non-invasive fibrosis staging algorithm using five routine lab variables—platelet count, ALT, AST, GGT, and age—to accurately identify both advanced fibrosis and minimal liver damage without the need for biopsy, making it especially valuable in primary care and low-resource settings. The second study introduces a novel immunoadsorption therapy using anti-HBsAg antibody-coated beads, which significantly reduced HBsAg and HBV DNA levels in a preclinical rabbit model. This approach shows potential as an adjunct to current therapies aiming for a functional cure, though human trials are still needed.
FDA Food Recalls Announced in June 2025 Due to Potential Contamination Risks
In June 2025, the FDA announced multiple nationwide food recalls due to potential contamination with harmful bacteria, including Salmonella, Listeria monocytogenes, Clostridium botulinum, and Bacillus cereus. Major recalls included millions of eggs from August Egg Company and cucumbers from several suppliers due to Salmonella risk, as well as shrimp, enoki mushrooms, and cheese curds potentially contaminated with Listeria. Additional recalls involved salted smoked herring contaminated with C botulinum and children’s cough syrup tainted with B cereus. While no related illnesses were reported, the incidents underscore the ongoing need for robust food safety surveillance and consumer awareness to prevent foodborne illnesses.