A man brushes his teeth. Researchers in the UK say a protein found in human hair may soon be used in toothpaste to help repair enamel and prevent decay. (Photo by Universal Images Group via Getty Images)
LOS ANGELES – Toothpaste made from human hair may one day help repair damaged teeth, according to new research from King’s College London.
Scientists discovered that keratin — a protein found in hair, skin, nails, and wool — can form a protective enamel-like coating when combined with minerals in saliva. Unlike fluoride, which slows decay, keratin was found to stop the process entirely in early testing.
How keratin helps teeth
Enamel is the hardest substance in the human body, but once it’s lost, the body cannot regenerate it. Acidic foods, aging, and poor oral hygiene gradually erode enamel, leading to sensitivity, pain, and eventual tooth loss.
The King’s College London team found that when keratin is applied to the tooth surface, it interacts with calcium and phosphate in saliva to create a crystal-like scaffold. Over time, this attracts more minerals, building a dense protective coating that mimics natural enamel.
Dr. Sherif Elsharkawy, senior author of the study, called it “an exciting era where biotechnology allows us to not just treat symptoms but restore biological function using the body’s own materials.”
What they’re saying:
The research also points to keratin as a sustainable alternative to current dental treatments.
“Keratin offers a transformative alternative,” said Sara Gamea, PhD researcher and lead author of the study. “It can be sourced from biological waste like hair and wool, and unlike traditional plastic resins, it is less toxic, more durable, and better matches the natural color of teeth.”
The scientists say the technology could be delivered through everyday toothpaste or applied as a professional gel, similar to nail varnish, for targeted repair.
What’s next:
The findings, published this week in Advanced Healthcare Materials, mark a major step forward in regenerative dentistry, a field focused on repairing tissues using natural biological processes.
Researchers believe keratin-based products could reach the market within two to three years, pending further testing and partnerships with industry.
With nearly 90% of U.S. adults experiencing tooth decay during their lifetime, experts say keratin-based treatments could reshape the way dentists and patients approach oral health.
The Source: This report is based on a study published in Advanced Healthcare Materials and statements from King’s College London researchers.