A new scoping review published in the International Journal of Molecular Sciences highlights the growing scientific evidence that tocotrienols – the more potent form of vitamin E mainly extracted from palm fruits – play a unique role as natural neuroprotective agents supporting brain and cognitive as well as healthy aeging.1
The first review, led by researchers from the National University of Malaysia was conducted using the Arksey and O’Malley framework and PRISMA-ScR guidelines. By systematically searching PubMed, Scopus and Web of Science, the team identified and analysed 24 eligible articles of experimental studies to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of tocotrienols on the brain. Their findings revealed that tocotrienols exerts multiple unique protective mechanisms, including:
Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects – reducing oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and inflammatory markers.
Regulation of gene and protein expression – modulating key molecular pathways linked to stroke-induced injutries, brain health and resilience.
Enhancement of memory and cognitive function – supporting learning, memory and behavorial performance in aging and neurodegeneration models.
Preservation of cell and organelle morphology – protecting neuronal structure and maintaining mitochondrial integrity.
A second review, published in June 2025, compared the distinct roles of tocopherols and tocotrienols in brain health2. The authors highlighted that while α-tocopherol remains the most widely studied, tocotrienols show stronger anti-inflammatory and antioxidative capacities and hold promise in preserving white matter integrity and modulating neurodegenerative pathways. Together, both forms of vitamin E may provide complementary benefits for cognitive performance, neuroinflammation, and structural brain protection.
Tocotrienol’s antioxidant and neuroprotective activities have been reported to be 40-60 and 1000 times respectively more potent than regular vitamin E tocopherol3,4. Taken collectively, these findings underscore tocotrienol’s unique potential as the next generation of vitamin E, particularly in supporting brain function and promoting healthy ageing.
“Backed by growing scientific evidence, tocotrienols are emerging as promising neuroprotective agents that support and protect brain cells, cognitive functions and memory as well as healthier aging,” said Dr Ariati Aris, Scientific Affairs Specialist at PhytoGaia. “A recent published clinical study shows that TocoGaiaTM enhances psychological well-being, modulates oxidative stress, and supports genomic stability in aging populations5. Building on this, we are now planning a new randomized-controlled trial with TocoGaiaTM for cognitive health, which we believe will further validate tocotrienols’ role as next-generation brain phytonutrient,” added Dr Aris.
“At PhytoGaia, we are a proud supplier of TocoGaiaTM – full spectrum tocotrienol complex that is backed by robust science and uncompromising quality,” said Mr Bryan See, Vice President of PhytoGaia. “For our partners and brand owners, TocoGaia™ offers a unique opportunity to differentiate their formulations with a next-generation vitamin E that delivers more than conventional tocopherols. With the latest science reinforcing tocotrienols’ potent neuroprotective potential, TocoGaiaTM is the perfect ingredient for companies looking to innovate and create value in areas such as in brain & cognitive health, healthy aging and functional nutrition.”
Disclaimer: The statements in the above article have not been evaluated by the Food and Drug Administration. They are not intended to diagnose, treat, cure or prevent any disease.
References:
Yunita, E. et al. (2025). Scoping Review: The Role of Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction as a Potent Neuroprotective Agent. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(16), 7691.
Razali, RA. et al. (2025). Shifting Perspectives on the Role of Tocotrienol vs. Tocopherol in Brain Health: A Scoping Review. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 26(13), 6339.
Serbinova, E. et al. (1991). Free radical recycling and intramembrane mobility in the antioxidant properties of alpha-tocopherol and alpha-tocotrienol. Free Radic Biol Med, 10(5), 263-275.
Sen, CK. et al. (2000). Molecular basis of vitamin E action. Tocotrienol potently inhibits glutamate-induced pp60(c-Src) kinase activation and death of HT4 neuronal cells. J Biol Chem, 275(17):13049-55.
Sharif, R. et al. (2025). Tocotrienol-Enriched Beverage Enhances Psychological Well-Being, Antioxidant Defense, and Genomic Stability in Older Adults: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Nutrients. Jun 30;17(13):2179.