Introduction
DKD represents a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), distinguished by the presence of proteinuria and the gradual progression to renal failure.1,2 The global incidence of DM is on an upward trajectory, with…

DKD represents a major long-term complication of diabetes mellitus (DM), distinguished by the presence of proteinuria and the gradual progression to renal failure.1,2 The global incidence of DM is on an upward trajectory, with…