Introduction
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are significant common complications in pregnancy with similar risk factors, such as obesity, advanced age, and recurrent pregnancy.1 In the 21st century, the global burden of…

Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and preeclampsia (PE) are significant common complications in pregnancy with similar risk factors, such as obesity, advanced age, and recurrent pregnancy.1 In the 21st century, the global burden of…