An unprecedented study by Brazil’s National Observatory is pioneering new ground by combining geophysics, medicine, and public health to investigate how microscopic iron particles from air pollution may lodge in the human brain and be linked to neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s.
The project aims to characterise magnetic iron particles found both in urban air and in human brain tissue. This was reported by the official website of Brazil’s Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation.
The research focuses on identifying the source of these particles and understanding their potential neurotoxic effects. Samples are collected from Sao Paulo’s metropolitan region, one of the most polluted in Brazil, with brain tissue provided by the University of Sao Paulo Brain Bank and airborne particles gathered from specialised monitoring stations.
Initial findings reveal that most ferromagnetic particles in Sao Paulo’s air originate from human activities, particularly vehicle traffic. Pollution levels rise during the dry season due to limited atmospheric dispersion, while the rainy season sees a reduction in suspended particles, a phenomenon known as “atmospheric washing.” However, ultrafine particles, thousands of times smaller than a human hair, remain in the air and may pose significant health risks.
The study also examines how seasonal weather patterns, local conditions, and pollution sources interact to influence particle composition.
According to the researchers, the study exemplifies how interdisciplinary science can tackle complex social and environmental challenges. By applying geophysical methods to health and environmental issues, the research highlights the potential for science to inform public policy and promote health.
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