Researchers are calling for a rethinking of calming environments, as new findings highlight how autistic people experience the world differently.
Published in Autism in Adulthood, the research surveyed 96 autistic adults across multiple countries. Respondents identified common elements that support wellbeing, including music, nature, solitude and the ability to personalise their surroundings.
The study also revealed that sensory experiences differ significantly among autistic adults—what calms one person may overstimulate or distress another.
Flexibility is essential
Lead author and University of South Australia (UniSA) PhD candidate Connor McCabe said calming spaces must move beyond child-focused models and prioritise autonomy.
“Our research highlights the incredible diversity of sensory needs within the autistic community and the importance of offering flexibility and personal control within these spaces,” McCabe said.
Participants highlighted lighting, sound, and touch as key factors that affected their ability to relax. Dim or adjustable lighting, access to television, books, video games, and natural soundscapes were commonly mentioned as beneficial. While trends were identified, the researchers warned against a “one-size-fits-all” approach.
“That’s why it’s so important that these spaces offer choice – adjustable lighting, varied seating, different soundscapes and – above all – privacy,” McCabe said.
Traditional features fall short
The study, conducted with Dr Nigel Newbutt from the University of Florida, found that many conventional sensory room features—such as vibration-based devices, wall projections, and standard sensory toys—were not widely valued by participants.
Instead, respondents called for more natural features, including greenery, calming water elements, and even interaction with animals.
Co-author professor Tobias Loetscher, a cognitive psychologist at UniSA, said participants frequently stressed the importance of controlling aspects of the space, such as temperature, sound levels, and who is permitted entry.
Virtual reality as an emerging solution
McCabe is finalising a second study involving the co-design of a virtual reality (VR) sensory room in collaboration with autistic adults. The project aims to offer personalised, adaptable environments through immersive digital technology.
“This VR sensory experience differs quite largely from what is typically found in a sensory room, as the virtual aspect allows much more freedom in terms of the environments we can create, and the stimulation that can be provided,” McCabe said.
“With virtual reality, people can engage in calming activities like virtual forest walks or immersive soundscapes without needing large physical spaces.”