A new study has found that insomnia and poor sleep quality may be key contributors to the reduced quality of life experienced by adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research, published in BMJ Mental Health, was led by experts from the University of Southampton in the UK and the Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience.
ADHD and insomnia in adults: What’s the link?
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder commonly diagnosed during childhood or adolescence. It is marked by symptoms such as impulsivity, inattention, and hyperactivity. However, growing evidence indicates that these symptoms persist into adulthood for many individuals, often accompanied by sleep problems.According to the study, adults with ADHD traits, particularly inattention and hyperactivity, were more likely to suffer from insomnia, poor sleep quality, and delayed sleep-wake cycles. These disruptions, in turn, were linked to a lower overall quality of life.
Study shows how insomnia worsens quality of life in adults with ADHD
Researchers analysed data from 1,364 middle-aged and older adults who were part of the Netherlands Sleep Registry. Participants answered detailed questionnaires about their sleep habits, ADHD symptoms, circadian rhythms (body clock), depression levels, and overall life satisfaction.The results revealed several striking patterns:
- Adults with ADHD symptoms reported more severe insomnia.
- These individuals were more likely to be “night owls,” preferring to go to bed and wake up late.
- Poor sleep quality and insomnia were closely tied to a reduced sense of well-being and satisfaction with life.
The researchers concluded that insomnia severity plays a major role in mediating the link between ADHD symptoms and lower quality of life.
How ADHD and insomnia create a vicious cycle
Dr. Sarah L. Chellappa, associate professor of psychology at the University of Southampton and senior author of the study, emphasised the two-way relationship between ADHD and sleep disturbance. “Sleep disruption can impair attention and emotional regulation. At the same time, impulsivity and hyperactivity in ADHD may worsen sleep problems,” she explained.This feedback loop creates a reinforcing cycle, where ADHD worsens insomnia, and poor sleep exacerbates ADHD symptoms. The study further highlighted that adults with ADHD are nearly eight times more likely to be diagnosed with a sleep disorder compared to the general population.Common sleep-related symptoms in ADHD include
- Difficulty falling asleep
- Increased movement during sleep
- Shorter sleep durations
- Daytime sleepiness
Why people with ADHD are more prone to insomnia
The study also explored why adults with ADHD are more vulnerable to sleep problems. Researchers believe several biological and behavioural mechanisms may be involved. These include:
- Differences in cognitive processing
- Genetic variations affecting circadian rhythms and sleep cycles
These factors may make it harder for people with ADHD to get restorative, high-quality sleep, affecting mood, concentration, and resilience.
Treating insomnia to improve life quality in adults with ADHD
Dr. Samuele Cortese, co-author of the study, stressed the importance of treating insomnia as part of ADHD management. “Adults with ADHD traits often report poor sleep, low mood, and reduced well-being. These need to be addressed holistically,” he said.The research suggests that targeting insomnia in adults with ADHD may significantly improve their overall quality of life. Treatments may include:
Cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia - Circadian rhythm regulation strategies
- ADHD medication adjustments
- Mindfulness or behavioural interventions
This study adds to growing evidence that ADHD is not just about focus or hyperactivity, it has major implications for sleep health and emotional well-being. Recognising insomnia as a core issue may lead to more comprehensive and effective treatment strategies for adults living with ADHD. In the meantime, professionals recommend that healthcare providers routinely screen for sleep disturbances in adults diagnosed with ADHD and tailor treatment plans accordingly. Addressing sleep may be the missing key to unlocking better life outcomes for many.Also Read: 9 health benefits of asparagus you should know