Gan H, Xing Y, Tong J, Lu M, Yan S, Huang K, et al. Impact of gestational exposure to individual and combined per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances on a placental structure and efficiency: findings from the ma’anshan birth cohort. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(14):6117–27.
Google Scholar
Lindberger E, Ahlsson F, Johansson H, Pitsillos T, Sundström Poromaa I, Wikman A, et al. Associations of maternal sedentary behavior and physical activity levels in early to mid-pregnancy with infant outcomes: A cohort study. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand. 2024;103(12):2522–31. PMID: 39431737IF: 3.1 Q1 B2.
Marks KJ, Howards PP, Smarr MM, Flanders WD, Northstone K, Daniel JH, et al. Prenatal exposure to mixtures of persistent endocrine disrupting chemicals and early menarche in a population-based cohort of British girls. Environ Pollut. 2021;276: 116705.
Google Scholar
Siwakoti RC, Cathey A, Ferguson KK, Hao W, Cantonwine DE, Mukherjee B, et al. Prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in relation to preterm birth subtypes and size-for-gestational age in the LIFECODES cohort 2006–2008. Environ Res. 2023;237(Pt 2):116967.
Google Scholar
Dou Q, Bai Y, Li Y, Zheng S, Wang M, Wang Z, et al. Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure and the risk of breast cancer: A nested case-control study in Jinchang cohort. Environ Res. 2024;262(Pt 2):119909.
Google Scholar
Rhee J, Chang VC, Cheng I, Calafat AM, Botelho JC, Shearer JJ, et al. Serum concentrations of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and risk of renal cell carcinoma in the multiethnic cohort study. Environ Int. 2023;180: 108197.
Google Scholar
Li Y, Fletcher T, Mucs D, Scott K, Lindh CH, Tallving P, Jakobsson K. Half-lives of PFOS, PFHxS and PFOA after end of exposure to contaminated drinking water. Occup Environ Med. 2018;75(1):46–51.
Google Scholar
Liang J, Liu S, Liu T, Yang C, Wu Y, Jennifer Tan HJ, et al. Association of prenatal exposure to bisphenols and birth size in Zhuang ethnic newborns. Chemosphere. 2020;252:126422.
Google Scholar
Zheng X, Pan Y, Qu Y, Ji S, Wang J, Li Z, et al. Associations of serum per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances with hyperuricemia in adults: a nationwide cross-sectional study. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(29):12875–87.
Google Scholar
Qin XD, Zhou Y, Bloom MS, Qian ZM, Geiger SD, Vaughn MG, et al. Prenatal exposure to PFAS, associations with preterm birth and modification by maternal estrogen levels: the Maoming birth study. Environ Health Perspect. 2023;131(11): 117006.
Google Scholar
Chawanpaiboon S, Vogel JP, Moller AB, Lumbiganon P, Petzold M, Hogan D, et al. Global, regional, and National estimates of levels of preterm birth in 2014: a systematic review and modelling analysis. Lancet Glob Health. 2019;7(1):e37–46.
Khan SS, Vaughan AS, Harrington K, Seegmiller L, Huang X, Pool LR, et al. US county-level variation in preterm birth rates, 2007–2019. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(12):e2346864.
Liu X, Chen D, Wang B, Xu F, Pang Y, Zhang L, et al. Does low maternal exposure to Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances elevate the risk of spontaneous preterm birth?? A nested case-control study in China. Environ Sci Technol. 2020;54(13):8259–68.
Google Scholar
Vilhelmsson A, Rylander L, Jöud A, Lindh CH, Mattsson K, Liew Z, et al. Exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and risk of cerebral palsy in children. Sci Total Environ. 2023;899: 165622.
Google Scholar
Yu Y, Qin XD, Bloom MS, Chu C, Dai X, Li QQ, et al. Associations of prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances with preterm birth: a family-based birth cohort study. Environ Res. 2022;214(Pt 1): 113803.
Google Scholar
Chen C, Song Y, Tang P, Pan D, Wei B, Liang J, et al. Association between prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substance mixtures and intrauterine growth restriction risk: a large, nested case-control study in Guangxi, China. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;262: 115209.
Google Scholar
Eick SM, Tan Y, Taibl KR, Barry Ryan P, Barr DB, Hüls A, et al. Prenatal exposure to persistent and non-persistent chemical mixtures and associations with adverse birth outcomes in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol. 2024;34(4):570–80.
Google Scholar
Liao Q, Tang P, Song Y, Liu B, Huang H, Liang J et al. Association of single and multiple prefluoroalkyl substances exposure with preterm birth: results from a Chinese birth cohort study. Chemosphere. 2022; 307(Pt 1): 135741, PMID: 35863418IF: NA NA NA.
Taibl KR, Liang D, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Smith MR, Steenland K, et al. Pregnancy-related hemodynamic biomarkers in relation to trimester-specific maternal per – and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposures and adverse birth outcomes. Environ Pollut. 2023;323: 121331.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Sun Q, Coull B, McElrath T, Rifas-Shiman SL, et al. Association of early pregnancy perfluoroalkyl and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure with birth outcomes. JAMA Netw Open. 2023;6(5):e2314934.
Gardener H, Sun Q, Grandjean P. PFAS concentration during pregnancy in relation to cardiometabolic health and birth outcomes. Environ Res. 2021;192: 110287.
Google Scholar
Huo X, Zhang L, Huang R, Feng L, Wang W, Zhang J. Shanghai birth cohort. Perfluoroalkyl substances exposure in early pregnancy and preterm birth in Singleton pregnancies: a prospective cohort study. Environ Health. 2020;19(1):60.
Google Scholar
Manzano-Salgado CB, Casas M, Lopez-Espinosa MJ, Ballester F, Iñiguez C, Martinez D, et al. Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes in a Spanish birth cohort. Environ Int. 2017;108:278–84.
Google Scholar
Qu Y, Liu X, Lin S, Bloom MS, Wang X, Li X, et al. Maternal serum folate during pregnancy and congenital heart disease in offspring. JAMA Netw Open. 2024;7(10):e2438747.
Shen Q, Zhang Q, Zhao J, Huang Z, Wang X, Ni M, et al. Association between maternal perceived stress in all trimesters of pregnancy and infant atopic dermatitis: a prospective birth cohort study. Front Pediatr. 2020;8:526994.
Pan Y, Cui Q, Wang J, Sheng N, Jing J, Yao B, et al. Profiles of emerging and legacy Per-/polyfluoroalkyl substances in matched serum and semen samples: new implications for human semen quality. Environ Health Perspect. 2019;127(12):127005.
Cantoni B, Delli Compagni R, Turolla A, Epifani I, Antonelli M. A statistical assessment of micropollutants occurrence, time trend, fate and human health risk using left-censored water quality data. Chemosphere. 2020;257:127095.
Google Scholar
Aughey H, Jardine J, Knight H, Gurol-Urganci I, Walker K, Harris T, et al. Iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth in England: a population-based cohort study. BJOG. 2023;130(1):33–41.
Gao X, Ni W, Zhu S, Wu Y, Cui Y, Ma J, et al. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure during pregnancy and adverse pregnancy and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Res. 2021;201: 111632.
Google Scholar
Kaiser AM, Forsthuber M, Widhalm R, Granitzer S, Weiss S, Zeisler H, et al. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and pregnancy outcome in Austria. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2023;259: 115006.
Google Scholar
Padula AM, Ning X, Bakre S, Barrett ES, Bastain T, Bennett DH, et al. Birth outcomes in relation to prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and stress in the environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program. Environ Health Perspect. 2023;131(3):37006.
Google Scholar
Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Li YY, Eick SM, Kannan K, et al. Newborn metabolomic signatures of maternal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance exposure and reduced length of gestation. Nat Commun. 2023;14(1):3120.
Google Scholar
Zhang Y, Pan C, Ren Y, Wang Z, Luo J, Ding G, et al. Association of maternal exposure to perfluoroalkyl and polyfluroalkyl substances with infant growth from birth to 12 months: A prospective cohort study. Sci Total Environ. 2022;806(Pt 3):151303.
Google Scholar
Liu B, Wei B, Mo M, Song Y, Tang C, Tang P, et al. Exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and the risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy: a nested case-control study in Guangxi, China. Chemosphere. 2022;288(Pt 1):132468.
Google Scholar
Carrico C, Gennings C, Wheeler DC, Factor-Litvak P. Characterization of weighted quantile sum regression for highly correlated data in a risk analysis setting. J Agric Biol Environ Stat. 2015;20(1):100–20.
Keil AP, Buckley JP, O’Brien KM, Ferguson KK, Zhao S, White AJ. Response to comment on ‘A Quantile-Based g-Computation approach to addressing the effects of exposure mixtures’. Environ Health Perspect. 2021;129(3):38002.
Bobb JF, Claus Henn B, Valeri L, Coull BA. Statistical software for analyzing the health effects of multiple concurrent exposures via Bayesian kernel machine regression. Environ Health. 2018;17(1):67.
Ashrap P, Watkins DJ, Mukherjee B, Boss J, Richards MJ, Rosario Z, et al. Maternal blood metal and metalloid concentrations in association with birth outcomes in Northern Puerto Rico. Environ Int. 2020;138: 105606.
Google Scholar
Yan D, Jiao Y, Yan H, Liu T, Yan H, Yuan J. Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Environ Health. 2022;21(1):53.
Google Scholar
Gaillard L, Barouki R, Blanc E, Coumoul X, Andréau K. Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances as persistent pollutants with metabolic and endocrine-disrupting impacts. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 2025;36(3):249–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tem.2024.07.021.
Google Scholar
Ebel M, Rylander L, Fletcher T, Jakobsson K, Nielsen C. Gestational hypertension, preeclampsia, and gestational diabetes mellitus after high exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances from drinking water in Ronneby, Sweden. Environ Res. 2023;239(Pt 1):117316.
Google Scholar
Zou C, Shen Q, Yang Y, Liao Y, Du Q. Association of maternal thyroid function and gestational diabetes with pregnancy outcomes: a retrospective cohort study. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2025;16:1555409.
DeStaffan B, Tafflet M, Lailler G, Olié V, Blacher J, Deneux-Tharaux C et al. A steep-increasing blood pressure trajectory from early pregnancy is associated with birth outcomes in the EDEN mother-child cohort. J Hypertens. 2025;43(9):1492-1499.
Zhang Y, Mustieles V, Martin L, Sun Y, Hillcoat A, Fang X, et al. Paternal preconception serum concentrations of per and polyfluoroalkyl substances in relation to birth outcomes. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(6):2683–92.
Google Scholar
Gui SY, Chen YN, Wu KJ, Liu W, Wang WJ, Liang HR, et al. Association between exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Public Health. 2022;10:855348.
Guo P, Warren JL, Deziel NC, Liew Z. Exposure range matters: considering non-linear associations in the meta-analysis of environmental pollutant exposure using examples of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances and birth outcomes. Am J Epidemiol. 2024;3:kwae309.
Hamburg-Shields E, Mesiano S. The hormonal control of parturition. Physiol Rev. 2023;104(3):1121–45.
Zhang L, Liang J, Gao A. Contact to perfluoroalkyl substances and thyroid health effects: a meta-analysis directing on pregnancy. Chemosphere. 2023;315:137748.
Google Scholar
Wang Z, Yang W, Xu M, Li B, Chen M, Hu J, et al. Associations between gestational exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances, fetal growth, and the mediation effect of thyroid hormones. Sci Rep. 2024;14(1):25176.
Hernández-Rodríguez J, Pérez-Hernández J, Flores-Espinosa P, Olmos-Ortiz A, Velazquez P, Zamora-Escudero R, et al. Galectin-1 elicits a Tissue-Specific Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Degradative effect upon LPS-Induced response in an ex vivo model of human fetal membranes modeling an intraamniotic inflammation. Am J Reprod Immunol. 2024;92(5):e70016.
Siwakoti RC, Harris SM, Ferguson KK, Hao W, Cantonwine DE, Mukherjee B, et al. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and their influence on inflammatory biomarkers in pregnancy: findings from the LIFECODES cohort. Environ Int. 2024;194: 109145.
Google Scholar
Tan Y, Taibl KR, Dunlop AL, Barr DB, Panuwet P, Yakimavets V, et al. Association between a mixture of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) and inflammatory biomarkers in the Atlanta African American Maternal-Child cohort. Environ Sci Technol. 2023;57(36):13419–28.
Google Scholar
Liu Y, Eliot MN, Papandonatos GD, Kelsey KT, Fore R, Langevin S, et al. Perfluoroalkyl substance exposure and DNA methylation at birth and 12 years of age: A longitudinal Epigenome-Wide association study. Environ Health Perspect. 2022;130(3):37005.
Google Scholar
Petroff RL, Cavalcante RG, Langen ES, Dolinoy DC, Padmanabhan V, Goodrich JM. Mediation effects of DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation on birth outcomes after prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) exposure in the Michigan mother-infant pairs cohort. Clin Epigenetics. 2023;15(1):49.
Starling AP, Liu C, Shen G, Yang IV, Kechris K, Borengasser SJ, et al. Prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, umbilical cord blood DNA methylation, and cardio-metabolic indicators in newborns: the healthy start study. Environ Health Perspect. 2020;128(12):127014.
Google Scholar
Chowdhury SF, Prout N, Rivera-Núñez Z, Barrett E, Brunner J, Duberstein Z, et al. PFAS alters placental arterial vasculature in term human placentae: a prospective pregnancy cohort study. Placenta. 2024;149:54–63 PMID: 38518389IF: 2.5 Q2 B3.
Google Scholar
Li Z, Zhang M, Hong X, Wang G, Choi G, Nadeau KC, et al. Cord plasma metabolomic signatures of prenatal per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) exposures in the Boston birth cohort. Environ Int. 2024;194: 109144.
Google Scholar
Romano ME, Heggeseth BC, Gallagher LG, Botelho JC, Calafat AM, Gilbert-Diamond D, et al. Gestational per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances exposure and infant body mass index trajectory in the new Hampshire birth cohort study. Environ Res. 2022;215(Pt 3):114418.
Google Scholar
Wang F, Zhang Y, Zhang S, Han X, Wei Y, Guo H, et al. Combined effects of bisphenol A and diabetes genetic risk score on incident type 2 diabetes: a nested case-control study. Environ Pollut. 2022;307: 119581.
Google Scholar
Wikström S, Lin PI, Lindh CH, Shu H, Bornehag CG. Maternal serum levels of perfluoroalkyl substances in early pregnancy and offspring birth weight. Pediatr Res. 2020;87(6):1093–9.
Shi Y, Vestergren R, Xu L, Zhou Z, Li C, Liang Y, Cai Y. Human exposure and elimination kinetics of chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonic acids (Cl-PFESAs). Environ Sci Technol. 2016;50(5):2396–404.
Google Scholar
Yu CH, Weisel CP, Alimokhtari S, Georgopoulos PG, Fan ZT. Biomonitoring: A tool to assess PFNA body burdens and evaluate the effectiveness of drinking water intervention for communities in new Jersey. Int J Hyg Environ Health. 2021;235:113757.
Google Scholar
Fu J, Yao Y, Huang Z, Guo Z, Chen X, Tang X, et al. Sex-specific and trimester-specific associations of prenatal exposure to bisphenols, parabens, and triclosan with neonatal birth size and gestational age. Environ Sci Technol. 2024;58(31):13687–96.
Google Scholar